第14讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式（原卷版）（人教版2019）

第14讲非谓语动词之动词不定式知识点复习+习题跟踪训练【知识讲解】不定式的时态和语态（不定式的不同形式）①基本形式：todo（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）②被动式：tobedone（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）③进行式：tobedoing（表示主动和进行）④完成时：tohavedone（表示主动和完成）⑤完成被动式：tohavebeendone（表示被动和完成）⑥完成进行式：tohavebeendoing（表示主动和完成进行）Theteachertoldustodomorningexercises.

老师让我们做早操。Thecartobeboughtisforhissister.

要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.

老师进来时，她假装正在读书。Thethiefissaidtohaveescaped.

据说小偷已经逃跑了。Thethiefissaidtohavebeenarrested.

据说小偷已经被抓住了。Sheissaidtohavebeenworkinginthefactoryoverthelast20years.

据说在过去的20年里，她一直在这家工厂工作。不定式的句法功能不定式具备名词、形容词、副词的性能，在句中可以作除谓语之外的其他句子成分非谓语动词变化表不定式todo表目的、结果将来形式主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoingtobebeingdone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone否定式not+_________(1)作主语词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：(1)把不定式置于句首。如：Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.要弥补失去的时光是不可能的。Toleanoutofthewindowisdangerous.身子探出窗外很危险。Tosavemoneynowseemsimpossible.现在好像不可能存钱。(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：①It+be+名词+todoIt'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.照顾老人是我们的责任。Itisanoffencetodroplitterinthestreet.在马路上乱丢废物是违章的。②Ittakessb+sometime+todoHowlongdidittakeyoutofinishthework?你花了多少时间来完成这项工作?③It+be+形容词+forsb+todoItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.我们难以在四分之一小时内完成这篇作文。It'sdifficultforustofinishtheworkinaweek.对我们来说，一周之内完成这项工作很困难。注意:Itis+形容词+for/ofsb.todosth.结构在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。It'skind

of

youtosayso.相当于Youarekindtosayso.你这么说真是太好了。(2)作宾语不定式一般作动词的宾语，不直接作介词的宾语，但是“疑问词十不定式”结构可作介词的宾语。Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtoquitsmoking.你父亲终于决定戒烟了。Ifounditinterestingtolearnaforeignlanguage.我发现学习一门外语很有趣。Talkwithfriendsaboutwheretoshop.与朋友讨论去哪里购物。特别点击：只接不定式不接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有afford(负担得起），agree(同意),arrange(安排)，ask(要求)，care(关心)，choose(选择），decide(决定），demand(要求)，determine（决心），expect(期待)，help(帮助)，hesitate(犹豫)，hope(希望)，long(渴望)，manage(设法），offer(主动提出)，plan(计划)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，promise(承诺)，refuse(拒绝)，want(想要)，wish(想做)等。在复合实语中，这时可以把不定式放在宾补后面，而用形式宾语it代替它Ifindit

easy

tolearnEnglishwell.我发现要把英语学好很容易。(3)作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果。当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组时，或以what引导的名词性分句，不定式说明主语的内容。Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Servingthepeopleisourwork,而句中是现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、状态，现在分词具有形容词的各种特征，另外，动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开(4)作宾语补足语常跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：advise（建议）allow（允许）ask（要求）beg（恳求）cause（引起）encourage（鼓励）expect（期待）forbid（禁止）force（强迫）intend（打算）invite（邀请）order（命令）persuade（说服）prefer（偏爱）require,（要求）teach（教）warn（警告）等。另外，常跟不带to

的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：have,make,let,feel，see,observe.lookat，listento,notice,watch，hear,discover等但是，这些动词在被动形式下，需要带toThispieceofmusicwasmadetocheeryouup.这段音乐被用来让你兴奋起来。Theteacherencouragedustowriteanarticleeveryweek.老师鼓励我们每周写一篇文章。Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.你不允许在这里吸烟。Thedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.医生告诫他不要吃太多的肉。(5)作定语①不定式和它所修饰的词之间是动宾关系Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringthewinterholiday．我想找点东西在寒假读读。②被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语Thenextpersontospeakwasaforeigner.下一个要发言的人是个外国人。如果不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后应有必要的介词apentowrite

with用来写字的钢笔修饰的名词是time，place，way时，其后习惯上常省略介词Wearelookingforaplacetolie(in).我们在找能躺下的地方。(6)作状语不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的、结果等。(1)不定式作原因状语不定式作原因状语，一般修饰表示心理活动或情绪的词，说明产生这种情绪的原因。Sheburstintolaughtertoseehisfunnyaction.看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。Heshudderedtothinkofhisbitterpast.想起辛酸的过往，他就不寒而栗。(2)不定式作目的状语不定式可以位于句首或句作日的业五方时为了室出和强调，也可在不定式前加上inorder或soas。Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.要想很家易地交朋友，你需要很友善。Theseworkerskeptquietabouttheaccident,soasnottolosetheirjob.为了不至于丢掉工作，这些工人对事故闭口不谈。（3）不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语，多表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面加only，以加强语气，还常用在too..todo，enough...todo,so...astodo等结构中。Shereturnedonlytofindthatnoonewasathome.她回到家，结果发现家里一个人也没有。Thechildisoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.这个孩子够大了，可以照顾自己。(4)不定式作评论性状语不定式作评论性状语放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，用来表明说话者的观点和态度。常见的有：totellthetruth(说实话)，tobehonest(说实话).tobeexact(确切地说)，tobefrank(坦白说),tobeginwith(首先)，tobesure(真的)等Tobehonest,Idon'tlikewesternfood.说实话，我不喜欢西餐Tobefrank,youneedtoloseweight.坦白地说，你需要减肥【真题演练】1．（2022年全国甲卷）Avisually-challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi’an,asafirststep________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.2．(2021全国乙卷)Accommodationsaim___________(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.3．(2022.6全国乙卷语法填空)________(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia.4．(2021年北京卷)Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed________(invest)indisasterprevention.5．(2020年北京卷)Ittakesthemhundredsofyears_____________(break)down.6．(2020年浙江卷1月)Themedian(中位数的)ageofanAmericanin1950was30—todayitis41andisexpected____________(increase)to42by2050.7．—Itisfun______(attend)theMid-autumnDayparty.—Iagree,andI’mtovisitthere.8．Herjobis______(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossibleuntiltheendofthefestival.9．Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon’tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecided________(give)themround-the-clockcareathome.10．Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereable________(select)therighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.11．________(perform)thesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.12．Itwasbuiltoriginally________(protect)thecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored.13．Themanagercan’tleavethehotelwithsomanyproblems________(settle).14．Myteacheradvisedme___________(take)partinswimmingclub.15．Withthedeadlinedrawingnear,heisanxious________(complete)histaskassoonaspossible.16．Itisanhonourforme_________(invite)togivealecturehere.17．Thehotelmakeseveryeffort______(make)theguestsfeelathome.18．_________(make)ourschoollifemorecolorful,wewillorganizeavarietyofextra-curricularactivities.19．_______(create)thefilm,GreenpeaceUKteamedupwithAardmanAnimations,aswellasOscar-winningactorsandstars.20．________(attract)customers,thesebusinessesbeganintroducingnewflavorstoLubyaddingspices.21．Ihavealotofreading________（complete）beforetheendofthisterm.22．Acommitteewasappointed_________(consider)theplans.23．Heregrettedthelostopportunity________（apologize）toher.24．Somepeopletend________（lose）tempersoeasilythatevenalittletroublecanmakethemflyoffthehandle.25．Trainingwillenableyou________(find)ajob.26．Sixmovieshavebeenselected________(take)partinthefilmfestival.27．AccordingtoJessicaHagy,authorofHowtoBeInteresting,it’snotdifficult________(make)yourselfinterestingatadinnerparty.28．Areyouavailable________(talk)withmethisafternoon?29．Hewasdisappointed________(see)thatshewasn'tattheparty.30．Howcanwepersuadethem________(join)us?31．Hisnobleexampleinspiredus________(make)greaterefforts.32．I’mtootired____________(go)anyfurther.33．Hewasscared_____________(go)homewhenhedidwrong.34．Try________(keep)abalancebetweenworkandplay,sohaveagoodrestonceyouareavailable.35．Whenitcomestowork-leisureconflicts,everyonemusttrytofindaway________(avoid)them.36．Thecompetitionissaid________（attract）over2,000athletesrepresenting20differentcountries.37．Heishungry.Pleasegivehimsomething________(eat).38．Theultimategoaloftheplayeris________（become）thechampion.39．Thegirlsseem________(skip)ontheplaygroundnow.Theyaretrainingforthematch.40．Whatshedidtothematterwas_________(keep)silent.41．It’sconvenientforus________(use)theInternettosearchforinformation.42．Willyoubeabletoattendthelecture________(give)byProfessorLinextw