动机与工作教学课件

动机与工作41、实际上，我们想要的不是针对犯罪的法律，而是针对疯狂的法律。——马克·吐温42、法律的力量应当跟随着公民，就像影子跟随着身体一样。——贝卡利亚43、法律和制度必须跟上人类思想进步。——杰弗逊44、人类受制于法律，法律受制于情理。——托·富勒45、法律的制定是为了保证每一个人自由发挥自己的才能，而不是为了束缚他的才能。——罗伯斯庇尔动机与工作动机与工作41、实际上，我们想要的不是针对犯罪的法律，而是针对疯狂的法律。——马克·吐温42、法律的力量应当跟随着公民，就像影子跟随着身体一样。——贝卡利亚43、法律和制度必须跟上人类思想进步。——杰弗逊44、人类受制于法律，法律受制于情理。——托·富勒45、法律的制定是为了保证每一个人自由发挥自己的才能，而不是为了束缚他的才能。——罗伯斯庇尔Myers’PSYCHOLOGY

Chapter12MotivationandWorkMotivationMotivationaneedordesirethatenergizesanddirectsbehaviorInstinctcomplexbehaviorthatisrigidlypatternedthroughoutaspeciesandisunlearnedMaslow’sHierarchyofNeedsbeginsatthebasewithphysiologicalneedsthatmustfirstbesatisfiedthenhigher-levelsafetyneedsbecomeactivethenpsychologicalneedsbecomeactiveSelf-actualizationneedsNeedtoliveuptoone’s

fullestanduniquepotentialEsteemneedsNeedforself-esteem,achievement,competence,andindependence;needforrecognitionandrespectfromothers

SafetyneedsNeedtofeelthattheworldisorganizedandpredictable;needtofeelsafe,secure,andstableBelongingnessandloveneedsNeedtoloveandbeloved,tobelongandbeaccepted;needtoavoidlonelinessandalienationPhysiologicalneedsNeedtosatisfyhungerandthirstMotivation-HungerStomachcontractionsaccompanyourfeelingsofhungerMotivation-HungerGlucosetheformofsugarthatcirculatesinthebloodprovidesthemajorsourceofenergyforbodytissueswhenitslevelislow,wefeelhungerMotivation-HungerSetPointthepointatwhichanindividual’s“weightthermostat”issupposedlysetwhenthebodyfallsbelowthisweight,anincreaseinhungerandaloweredmetabolicratemayacttorestorethelostweightBasalMetabolicRatebody’sbaserateofenergyexpenditureMotivation-HungerThehypothalamuscontrolseatingandotherbodymaintenancefunctionsMotivation-HungerEatingDisordersAnorexiaNervosawhenanormal-weightpersondietsandbecomessignificantly(>15%)underweight,yet,stillfeelingfat,continuestostarveusuallyanadolescentfemaleBulimiaNervosadisordercharacterizedbyepisodesofovereating,usuallyofhigh-caloriefoods,followedbyvomiting,laxativeuse,fasting,orexcessiveexerciseWomen’sBodyImagesSexualMotivationSexaphysiologicallybasedmotive,likehunger,butitismoreaffectedbylearningandvaluesSexualResponseCyclethefourstagesofsexualrespondingdescribedbyMastersandJohnsonexcitementplateauorgasmresolutionSexualMotivationRefractoryPeriodrestingperiodafterorgasm,duringwhichamancannotachieveanotherorgasmEstrogenasexhormone,secretedingreateramountsbyfemalesthanbymales

ForcesAffectingSexualMotivationSexualMotivationSamedrives,differentattitudesSexualMotivationBirthstounwedparentsSexualMotivationSexualOrientationanenduringsexualattractiontowardmembersofeitherone’sowngender(homosexualorientation)ortheothergender(heterosexualorientation)SexualMotivationSexualMotivationMotivationatWorkFlowacompletely,involved,focusedstateofconsciousness,withdiminishedawarenessofselfandtime,resultingfromoptimalengagementofone’sskillsIndustrial/Organizational(I/O)PsychologytheapplicationofpsychologicalconceptsandmethodstooptimizinghumanbehaviorinworkplacesMotivationatWorkPersonnelPsychologysub-fieldofI-Opsychologythatfocusesonemployeerecruitment,selection,placement,training,appraisal,anddevelopmentOrganizationalPsychologySub-fieldofI-OpsychologythatexaminesorganizationalinfluencesonworkersatisfactionandproductivityandfacilitatesorganizationalchangeMotivationatWorkMotivationatWorkStructuredInterviewprocessthatasksthesamejob-relevantquestionsofallapplicantsratedonestablishedscalesAchievementMotivationadesireforsignificantaccomplishmentformasteryofthings,people,orideasforattainingahighstandardMotivationatWorkPersonnelpsychologists’tasksMotivationatWork360-degreefeedbackMotivationatWorkOntherightpathMotivationTaskLeadershipgoal-orientedleadershipthatsetsstandards,organizeswork,andfocusesattentionongoalsSocialLeadershipgroup-orientedleadershipthatbuildsteamwork,mediatesconflict,andofferssupportMotivationTheoryXassumesthatworkersarebasicallylazy,error-prone,andextrinsicallymotivatedbymoneyworkersshouldbedirectedfromaboveTheoryYassumesthat,givenchallengeandfreedom,workersaremotivatedtoachieveself-esteema