全国硕士生入学统一考试英语模拟试题预测试卷一

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题预测试卷一SectionIUseofEnglishPartADirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thebasicfunctionofmoneyistheenablebuyingtobeseparatedfromselling,thuspermittingtradetotakeplacewithoutthesocalleddoublecoincidenceofbarter.Ifapersonhassomethingtosellandwantssomethingelse1return,itisnotnecessarytosearchforsomeoneableand2tomakethedesiredexchangeofitems.Thepersoncansellthe3itemforgeneralpurchasingpower—thatis,“money”—toanyonewhowantstobuyitandthenusetheproceedstobuythedesireditemfromanyonewhowantstosellit.Theimportanceofthisfunctionofmoneyis4illustratedbytheexperienceofGermanyjustafterWorldWarⅡ,5papermoneywas6largelyuselessbecause,despiteinflationaryconditions,pricecontrolswereeffectively7bytheAmerican,French,andBritisharmiesofoccupation.Peoplehadto8tobarterortoinefficientmoneysubstitutes.Theresultwastocuttotaloutputoftheeconomyinhalf.TheGerman“economicmiracle”justafter1948reflectedpartlyacurrencyreformbytheoccupationauthorities,9someeconomistsholdthatitstemmedprimarilyfromtheGermangovernment’s10ofallpricecontrols,11permittingamoneyeconomyto12abartereconomy.13oftheactofsalefromtheactofpurchase14theexistenceofsomethingthatwillbegenerallyacceptedinpayment—thisisthe“15ofexchange”functionofmoney.Buttheremustalsobesomethingthatcanserveasa16abodeofpurchasingpower,inwhichthesellerholdstheproceedsintheinterim17thefirstsaleandthe18purchase,orfromwhichthebuyercan19thegeneralpurchasingpowerwithwhichtopay20whatisbought.Thisisthe“asset”functionofmoney.慢1殿.认甲［粒A因］裤豪o倘n市 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从俘o叔n讽匆t尸h何e势仓o辜t颈h示e羽r尿先h霉a念n埋d鬼,沾帜w散e盟娇i涨n青s色i叫s评t产版t订h洋a桃t纳谱c亏o济n舌t葱e锅n桌t尽最a旬n过d坑解f币o霜r跃m勾漏a杠r帮e味挡s些e够p吧a晴r正a裳b助l换e膏,访刷w设e异慢s斥h徐a赴l疾l遗压n规e嫌v肺e蚕r慰则b攻e刷鞋a繁b猎l乞e追夹t察o脆敬f坑i垫n底d坡,辽目t弯h硬r槐o那u观g压h士鼻a稿挑s鹊t获u穷d易y车弓o狠f拔赶c掘o广n累t技e户n兔t尘,声航t秆h晓e里糠r慈e如a淋s柴o藏n请派f警o脊r干持a投t绑t炼e史n搏d沫i唇n父g唐拢t个o应何t念h登e鹊竟p扬a疲r膜t育i诸c房u永l依a坛r奏贼w勇o嘱r催k救穷o遵f致谨a串r置t非近t君h露a缝t泪山i挽n题t比r础i坑g香u锣e枝s良沾u傲s砌.葛篇E买v谊e微r父y退悉w卫o搞r扯k宜垮o旦f克巾a嘴r护t锅品s锡t催a丧n怪d穴s复哭p胆r租o梨x吗y妄广f奇o择r记明i来t亲s锅胁p沈a韵r蔑a秆p死h叹r腔a干s科e勿.赵逗A阔n短写i厉m骄p璃a泳s摄s漂a门b截l援e档姨g迷a慎p杠皇t元h读e庙n纳黄o攀p泽e赠n弓s福药b垫e途t途w弊e替e顽n鉴材a事e鹊s位t汗h欢e票t雕i微c拨奋e年x覆p疗e拼r寺i通e罗n尚c庙e堵述a怕n话d旬毙i订t席s蹦喂g包r魄o啄u庭n闯d绣,倦爽a区n惭d眼季t直h然e享兴c皇l狮a电i倒m姑王t菠h岛a鱼t学习a虽e箱s扯t醋h炕e软t护i先c盖刺e香x裂p炼e率r半i贪e分n剥c本e密终i漠s页鹅i千n仁t刺r专i钉n课s月i夕c颠a弄l鸣l喘y泽喇v货a挠l叹u体a证b抵l纷e迹托i靠s草迎t咏h抵r券o股w劫n富琴i途n惜葱d雄o纱u泽b止t诸.21.Hegelarguedthat.［A］itisoursensuousappreciationthatgivespeculiarindividualitytotheworkofart［B］itisthecontentoftheworkofartthatholdsourattention［C］theworkofartcannotbeunderstoodwithoutaprocessoflogicalthinking［D］theformoftheworkofartiswhatoursensuousappreciationconcentrateson22.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat.［A］theparadoxthatitisbothnecessarytodistinguishformcontentandalsoimpossibletodosocannotberesolvedbyrejectingitspremises［B］bothcontentandformoftheworkofartareillusory［C］thecontentandformoftheworkofartareseparable［D］aestheticexperienceisnotintrinsicallyvaluable23.WhichofthefollowingisNOTwhatHegelbelieved?［A］Thecontentandformoftheworkofartcannotbeseparatedfromeachother.［B］Thecontentoftheworkofartisalwaysthetrueobjectofaestheticinterest.［C］Thecontentpresentedwithoutanyindividualityisnotthecontentoftheworkofart.［D］Thecontentunderstoodbymeansofaprocessofdiscursivethoughtisnomorethanahusk.24.Premisesthatarerelatedtoeachotherseemstobedispensablebecause.［A］Kantthinkstheyareindispensable［B］eitherofthemcanresolvetheparadox［C］thepremisesareseparated［D］thepremisescanaccountforthetheory25.Thispassageismainlyabout.［A］thesensuousappreciationofart［B］thebasicconceptionoftheaestheticexperience［C］howtoappreciatetheworkofart［D］therelationshipbetweenformandcontentoftheworkofartText2Everycountrywithamonetarysystemofitsownhastohavesomekindofmarketinwhichdealersinbills,notes,andotherformsofshorttermcreditcanbuyandsell.The“moneymarket”isasetofinstitutionsorarrangementsforhandlingwhatmightbecalledwholesaletransactionsinmoneyandshorttermcredit.Theneedforsuchfacilitiesarisesinmuchthesamewaythatasimilarneeddoesinconnectionwiththedistributionofanyoftheproductsofadiversifiedeconomytotheirfinalusersattheretaillevel.Iftheretaileristoprovidereasonablyadequateservicetohiscustomers,hemusthaveactivecontactswithotherswhospecializeinmakingorhandlingbulkquantitiesofwhateverishisstockintrade.Themoneymarketismadeupofspecializedfacilitiesofexactlythiskind.Itexistsforthepurposeofimprovingtheabilityoftheretailersoffinancialservices—commercialbanks,savingsinstitutions,investmenthouses,lendingagencies,andevengovernments—todotheirjob.Ithaslittleifanycontactwiththeindividualsorfirmswhomaintainaccountswiththesevariousretailersorpurchasetheirsecuritiesorborrowfromthem.Theelementalfunctionsofamoneymarketmustbeperformedinanykindofmoderneconomy,evenonethatislargelyplannedorsocialist,butthearrangementsinsocialistcountriesdonotordinarilytaketheformofamarket.Moneymarketsexistincountriesthatusemarketprocessesratherthanplannedallocationstodistributemostoftheirprimaryresourcesamongalternativeuses.Thegeneraldistinguishingfeatureofamoneymarketisthatitreliesuponopencompetitionamongthosewhoarebulksuppliersoffundsatanyparticulartimeandamongthoseseekingbulkfunds,toworkoutthebestpracticabledistributionoftheexistingtotalvolumeofsuchfunds.Intheirmarkettransactions,thosewithbulksuppliesoffundsordemandsforthem,relyongroupsofintermediarieswhoactasbrokersordealers.Thecharacteristicsofthesemiddlemen,theservicestheyperform,andtheirrelationshiptootherpartsofthefinancialvarywidelyfromcountrytocountry.Inmanycountriesthereisnosinglemeetingplacewherethemiddlemengettogether,yetinmostcountriesthecontactsamongallparticipantsaresufficientlyopenandfreetoassureeachsupplieroruseroffundsthathewillgetorpayapricethatfairlyreflectsalloftheinfluences(includinghisown)thatarecurrentlyaffectingthewholesupplyandthewholedemand.Innearlyallcases,moreover,theunifyingforceofcompetitionisreflectedatanygivenmomentinacommonprice(thatis,rateofinterest)forsimilartransactions.Continuousfluctuationsinthemoneymarketratesofinterestresultfromchangesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponthemarketandinthepullofcurrentdemandsuponthemarket.26.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.A.thedefinitionofmoneymarketB.theconstitutionofamoneymarketC.thebasicfunctionsofamoneymarketD.thegeneralfeatureofamoneymarket27.Accordingtothispassage,themoneymarket.A.providesconvenientservicestoitscustomersB.hasclosecontactwiththeindividualsorfirmsseekingfundsC.maintainsaccountswithvariousretailersoffinancialservicesD.ismadeupofinstitutionswhospecializeinhandlingwholesalemonetarytransactions28.Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningmoneymarketisnottrueaccordingtothispassage?A.Moneymarketdoesnotexistinplannedeconomies.B.Moneymarkethasbeenestablishedinsomesocialistcountries.C.Moneymarketencouragesopencompetitionamongbulksuppliersoffunds.D.Moneymarketreliesuponmarketprocessestodistributefundstofinalusers.29.Theauthorusestheexampleofmiddlemantoshow.A.markettransactionsareimportantindifferentcountriesB.dealersareneededindoingbusinessC.middlemencanplaygreatroleindifferenttransactionsanddifferentcountries.D.middlemenindifferentcountrieshavedifferentactionsinbusiness.30.Accordingtothispassage,.A.brokersusuallyperformthesamekindsofservicestotheircustomersB.brokershavelittlecontactwitheachotherC.opencompetitiontendstoresultinacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsatanygivenmomentD.changesinthepressureofavailablesuppliesoffundsuponmarkettendstomaintainacommonpriceforsimilartransactionsText3Environmentalissuesraiseahostofdifficultethicalquestions,includingtheancientoneofthenatureofintrinsicvalue.Whereasmanyphilosophersinthepasthaveagreedthathumanexperienceshaveintrinsicvalueandtheutilitariansatleasthavealwaysacceptedthatthepleasuresandpainsofnonhumananimalsareofsomeintrinsicsignificance,thisdoesnotshowwhyitissobadifdodosbecomeextinctorarainforestiscutdown.Arethesethingstoberegrettedonlybecauseofthelosstohumansorothersentientcreatures?Oristheremoretoitthanthat?Somephilosophersarenowpreparedtodefendtheviewthattrees,rivers,species(consideredapartfromtheindividualanimalsofwhichtheyconsist),andperhapsecologicalsystemsasawholehaveavalueindependentoftheinstrumentalvaluetheymayhaveforhumansorothersentientcreatures.Ourconcernfortheenvironmentalsoraisesthequestionofourobligationstofuturegenerations.Howmuchdoweowetothefuture?Fromasocialcontractviewofethicsorfortheethicalegoist,theanswerwouldseemtobe:nothing.Forwecanbenefitthem,buttheyareunabletoreciprocate.Mostotherethicaltheories,however,dogiveweighttotheinterestsofcominggenerations.Utilitarians,forone,wouldnotthinkthatthefactthatmembersoffuturegenerationsdonotexistyetisanyreasonforgivinglessconsiderationtotheirintereststhanwegivetoourown,providedonlythatwearecertainthattheywillexistandwillhaveintereststhatwillbeaffectedbywhatwedo.Inthecaseof,say,thestorageofradioactivewastes,itseemsclearthatwhatwedowillindeedaffecttheinterestsofgenerationstocome.Thequestionbecomesmuchmorecomplex,however,whenweconsiderthatwecanaffectthesizeoffuturegenerationsbythepopulationpolicieswechooseandtheextenttowhichweencouragelargeorsmallfamilies.Mostenvironmentalistsbelievethattheworldisalreadydangerouslyovercrowded.Thismaywellbeso,butthenotionofoverpopulationconcealsaphilosophicalissuethatisingeniouslyexploredbyDerekParfitinReasonsandPersons(1984).Whatisoptimumpopulation?Isitthatpopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible?Orisitthesizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfare—theaveragemultipliedbythenumberofpeople—isasgreataspossible?Bothanswersleadtocounterintuitiveoutcomes,andthequestionremainsoneofthemostbafflingmysteriesinappliedethics.31.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.［A］theintrinsicvalueofhumanexperiences［B］theintrinsicvalueoftheexperiencesofnonhumananimals［C］theintrinsicvalueofecologicalsystemasawhole［D］anancientethicalquestionaboutthenatureofintrinsicvalue32.,weowenothingtothefuturegenerations.［A］Intheauthor’sopinion［B］Fromasocialcontrastviewofethics［C］Forautilitarian［D］Formostenvironmentalists33.Populationpolicywetakeshouldbeconsidered.［A］positive ［B］negative ［C］complex ［D］reasonable34.Accordingtothispassage,optimumpopulation.［A］referstothepopulationsizeatwhichtheaveragelevelofwelfarewillbeashighaspossible［B］referstothepopulationsizeatwhichthetotalamountofwelfarewillbeasgreataspossible［C］isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichremainstoberesolvedinthefuture［D］isadifficultphilosophicalissuewhichDerekParfithassuccessfullysettledinReasonsandPersons35.Thepropertitleforthispassageshouldbe.［A］AMysteryinAppliedEthics［B］OurObligationstoFutureGenerations［C］EnvironmentalEthics［D］EnvironmentalissuesText4PerhapsonlyasmallboytrainingtobeawizardattheHogwartsschoolofmagiccouldcastaspellsopowerfulastocreatethebiggestbooklaunchever.WhereverintheworldtheclockstrikesmidnightonJune20th,hisfollowerswillflocktogettheirpawsononeofmorethan10mcopiesof“HarryPotterandtheOrderofthePhoenix”.Bookshopswillopeninthemiddleofthenightanddeliveryfirmsaredraftinginextrastaffandbiggertrucks.Relatedtoys,games,DVDsandothermerchandisewillbeeverywhere.TherewillbenoescapingPottermania.YetMrPotter’sworldisacuriousone,inwhichthingsareoftennotwhattheyappear.Whileanexcitablemedia(herebyincludingTheEconomist,happytosupportsuchafineexampleofglobalisation)ishelpingtohypethelaunchofJ.K.Rowling’sfifthnovel,aboutthemostadventurousthingthatthepublishers(ScholasticinAmericaandBritain’sBloomsburyinEnglishelsewhere)haveorganisedisareadingbyMsRowlinginLondon’sRoyalAlbertHall,tobebroadcastasalivewebcast.Hollywood,whichownseverythingelsetodowithHarryPotter,saysitisdoingevenless.Incredibleasitmayseem,theguardiansofthebrandsaythat,toprotectthePotterfranchise,theyaretryingtomaintainalowprofile.Well,relativelylow.MsRowlingsignedacontractin1998withWarnerBrothers,partofAOLTimeWarner,givingthestudioexclusivefilm,licensingandmerchandisingrightsinreturnforwhatnowappearstohavebeenasteal:some$500,000.WarnerlicensesotherfirmstoproducegoodsusingHarryPottercharactersorimages,fromwhichMsRowlinggetsabigenoughcutthatsheisnowwealthierthanthequeen—ifyoubelieveBritain’sSundayTimesrichlist.Theprocessisselfgenerating:eachbooksetsthestageforafilm,whichboostsbooksales,whichliftssalesofPotterproducts.Globally,thefirstfourHarryPotterbookshavesoldsome200mcopiesin55languages;thetwomovieshavegrossedover$1.8billionattheboxoffice.Thisisastunningsuccessbyanymeasure,especiallyasMsRowlinghaslongdemandedthatHarryPottershouldnotbeovercommercialised.Inlinewithherwishes,Warnersaysitisbeingextraordinarilycareful,atleastbyHollywoodstandards,aboutwhatitlicensesandtowhom.ItimposedtoughconditionsonCocaCola,insistingthatnoHarryPotterimagesshouldappearoncans,andisnowintheprocessofmakingitslicensingprogrammeevenmorerestrictive.Cokemaysoonbeconsideredtoomassmarkettocarrythebrandatall.ThedealwithWarnertiesmuchofthemerchandisingtothefilmsalone.Therearenoofficiallysanctionedproductsrelatingto“OrderofthePhoenix”;noryetfor“HarryPotterandthePrisonerofAzkaban”,thefilmofthethirdbook,whichisdueoutinJune2004.WarneragreesthatMsRowling’screationisadifferentsortofcommercialproperty,onewithlong-termpotentialthatcouldbedamagedbyatypicalHollywoodmarketingblitz,saysDianeNelson,thestudio’sglobalbrandmanagerforHarryPotter.Itisvital,sheadds,thatwithmoretocome,readersofthebooksarenotalienated.“Theevidencefromourmarketresearchisthatenthusiasmforthepropertybyfansisnotwaning.”36.Whentheauthorsays“therewillbenoescapingPottermania”,heimpliesthat.［A］HarryPotter’sappealforthereadersissimplyirresistible［B］itissomewhatirrationaltobesocrazyaboutthemagicboy［C］crazeaboutHarryPotterwillnotbeoverinthenearfuture［D］Hogwartsschoolofmagicwillbethebiggestattractionworldover37.MsRowling’sreadinginLondon’sRoyalAlbertHallismentionedtoshow.［A］publishersarereallyadventurousinmanagingthePotter’sbusiness［B］businessesareactuallymorecrediblethanmediainPotter’sworld［C］themediaarepromotingPottermaniamoreactivelythanHollywood［Ｄ］businessesinvolvedwithPotteraremovingalonginanunusualway38.Theauthorbelievesthat.［A］Britain’sSundayTimesrichlistisnotveryconvincingasitsounds［B］TimeWarner’smanagementoflicensesisabitovercommercialised［C］otherfirmsmayproducegoodsusingHarryPotterimagesatwill［D］whatMsRowlinggotinreturnforherofferingtoWarnerisarealbargain39.Paragraph4intendsmainlytoshowWarner’s.［A］determinationtopromotePotter［B］consistenceinconductingbusines［C］highregardforMsRowling’srequest［D］carefulrestrictionsonlicensingtoCoco-Cola40.Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthat.［A］productsofPotterfilmshavebroughtenormousprofitstoWarner［B］currentHollywood’smarketingofPottermaydamageitspotential［C］readerscouldgettiredofMsRowling’swritingssoonerorlater［D］WarnerwillmaintainthesamestrategywithPotterinfuturePartBSample1Directions:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)．Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.(41)Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploy60percentoftheworkforceandexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2,000.(42)Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.(43).Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavetheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso.atleastforawhile,bebookkeepersandreceptionists,too.(44)By1995,morethan60ofthose100startups,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.MostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortableinEightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.(45)youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse,intheirzeal,toexpand.Smallbusinessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullyfourmoreandmoreintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeansthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquer