英语学术论文写作类型省名师优质课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件

Lecture1:TypesofWritingandGeneralIntroduction

Forthepostgraduates第1页MainContents1)Whatisanessay?2)TypesOfWriting

A)DescriptiveEssayB)NarrativeEssayC)ExpositoryEssayD)ArgumentativeEssay2)Researchpaper

A)TermPaperB)ThesisC)Dissertation第2页MainContents4)Whatisinvolvedinresearchpaperwriting?

A)Pre-writingStageB)WritingStageC)Post-writingStage5)Lay-outoftheLecturesinthisTerm

第3页Whatisanessay?“Anessayisashortliterarycompositiononaparticularthemeorsubject”.Itcanalsobedefinedas“ananalyticorinterpretativeliterarycompositionusuallydealingwithitssubjectfromalimitedorpersonalpointofview”.第4页StructureofanEssayAnEssayhasthreemianparts:anintroduction,abodyandconclusion.第5页DiagramDescriptiveEssay描写

NarrativeEssay叙述

ExpositoryEssay说明

ArgumentativeEssay议论

第6页DescriptionDescriptionispaintingapictureinwordsofaperson,place,objectorscene.“adescriptionessayisgenerallydevelopedthroughsensorydetails,ortheimpressionsofone’ssenses–sight,hearing,taste,smell,andtouch.第7页Examples:person“ChouEn-laiarrivedattheguesthouseforstatevisitorsat4:30.hisgaunt,expressivefacewasdominatedbypiercingeyes,conveyingamixtureofintensityandrepose,ofwarinessandcalmself-confidence.HeworeanimmaculatelytailoredgrayMaoTunic,atoncesimpleandelegant.Hemovedgracefullyandwithdignity,fillingaroomnotbyhisphysicaldominance,butbyhisairofcontrolledtension….”第8页Examples:PlaceWithashoppingbaginmyhand,Ienteredthegateifthefreemarketnearmyhome.SuddenlyaterriblesmellreachedmynoseandIcouldnothelpfeelingnauseated.LookingaroundIfoundthatthefoulsmellcamethepoultrystallsontheleftsideofthestreet.There,everystallcagewaspackedwithfourorfivechickens.Occasionally,thechickenscrowedsadlyasiftheyknewtheyweregoingtobecooked.Thefeedstankunderthehotsummersun.Iputahanker-chieftomynoseandhurriedaway.第9页Examples:sceneThetyphooncameoutoftheseaasadeephollowroar.Thenitappearedasamonstrousblackcloud.Thecloudseemedathingalive,shapingitselfthiswayorthat,tornbycontendingwinds.However,itmightstretchtorightorleft,itcontinuedtospreadupwardandreachtowardeastandwest.Thedaydarkenedtotwilightandthedreadedroarofsoundcamerushingtowardmefromoutofthedepths.Icrouchedbehindmyrockandwaited.第10页NarrationTonarrateistogiveanaccountofaneventoraseriesofevents.Initsbroadestsense,narrativewritingincludesstories,realorimaginary,biographies,histories,newsitems,andnarrativepoems.第11页Example:narrationThemostimportantdayIrememberinallmylifeistheoneonwhichmyteacher,AnneMansfieldSullivan,cametome.Iamfilledwithwonderwhenconsidertheimmeasurablecontrastsbetweenthetwoliveswhichitconnects.ItwasthethirdofMarch,1887,threemonthsbeforeIwassevenyearsold.第12页Example:narrationOntheafternoonofthateventfulday,Istoodontheporch,dumb,expectant.Iguessedvaguelyfrommymother’ssighsandfromthehurryingtoandfrointhehousethatsomethingunusualwasabouttohappen,soIwenttothedoorandwaitedonthesteps.第13页Example:narrationTheafternoonsunpenetratedthemassofhoneysucklethatcoveredtheporch,andfellonmyupturnedface.Myfingerlingeredalmostunconsciouslyonthefamiliarleavesandblossomswhichhadjustcomeforthtogreetthesweetsouthernspring.Ididnotknowwhatthefutureheldofmarvelorsurpriseforme.Angerandbitternesshadpreyeduponmecontinuallyforweeksandadeeplanguorhadsucceededthispassionatestruggle.第14页ExpositionExpositionmeansexpoundingorexplaining.Anexpositorypaperexplainsorexploressomething,suchastheprocessofmakingamachine,thecauseofanaturalorsocialphenomenon,theplanningofaproject,orthesolutionofaproblem.第15页Example:expositionThegradingsystemalsocontainspenaltiesandrewards,butthat’swhatmakespeopletick.Wouldanystudentwriteatempaper,readatextbook,orattendalectureinafieldoutsidehisinterestifhewerenotmotivatedbygrades?Becausestudyingandlearningarehardwork,studentsneedpenaltiesandrewards.Ofcoursethisresultsinpressure.Certainly,thisproducescompetition.Butwithoutthem,fewpeoplewouldstrivetolettheirlearningexceedtheirintellectualreach.Ohyes,thereareafewstudentswhoarehighlyself-motivatedandaregenuinelyinterestedinlearning.Butmoststudentwouldratherseeabasketballgame,rapintheGrill,orwatchamovie.Let'sfaceit—that’swhyweneedthepresentgradingsystem.Anythingelsewouldresultinaloweringofthestandardsandafifth-rateuniversity.第16页ArgumentationAnargumentativeessaytriestomakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,topersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatitproposes.第17页DifferencebetweenexpositionandargumentationExpositionTotell,toinformMakesomethingknownandmakethereaderunderstandNarrationToconvince,topersuademakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit,topersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior,andtoapproveapolicyorcourseofactionArgumentationisactuallyexpositionwiththeadditionalpurposeofconvincingorpersuading.

第18页Basicfeatures1)Adebatablepoint:Itisimperativethatthepapershouldhaveadebatablepoint,thatis,somethingwhichcanbeviewedfrommorethanoneangleandisthereforeopentodispute.第19页Whatshouldbeavoided1)Chinesedoctorsuseacupunctureanesthesiatoperformcertainoperation(merestatementsoffacts)Acupunctureanesthesiashouldreplaceconventionalanesthesiainalloperations(debatablepoint)第20页Whatshouldbeavoided2)WilliamFaulknerismyfavoriteAmericanwriter(statementsofpersonalpreference)WilliamFaulkneristhegreatestChinesewriterinthe20thcenturyAmericanliterature(disputablepoint)第21页Whatshouldbeavoided3)Noisepollutionisharmfultopeople’shealth(Viewpointsthataregenerallyaccepted):Noisepollutionisthemostharmfulofallenvironmentalpollution(disputablepoint).第22页Basicfeatures2)sufficientevidence:Youarerequiredtoprovidesufficientevidencetoconvincethereader.Itincludes:a)commonknowledge;b)specificexamples;c)hardevidence,orfacts,notyourpersonalopinions.d)expertandauthoritativeopinions,quotationsfromauthorities第23页Basicfeatures3)Goodlogicandclearlogic

Goodlogicisevenmoreimportanttoargumentationthantoanyothertypesofwriting.Allthefactsandreasonsthataregivenasevidenceshouldbelogicallyconnectedwiththesisstatementandconclusion.第24页Basicfeatures3)Goodlogicandclearlogicclearlogicmeansthatatypicalargumentativeessayusuallyconsistsofthreeparts:anintroductionwhichidentifiestheissuetobediscussedandexplainstheimportanceofsuchadiscussion;abody(toomuchcomplicatedanddifficult)whichpresentstheevidence;andaconclusioninwhichthepropositionisreaffirmed.第25页ThethreeBasics论点：[argument;thesis;proposition]叙述中确实定性意见及支持意见理由。论据：[groundsofargument;basisofanargument;contention;datum]证实论题判断；在一个推论中,充当理由依据,方便推衍出结论部分。论证：[demonstrate;proof]∶用论据证实论题真实性[testify;expoundandprove]∶依据个人了解或了解证实第26页WhatisresearchpaperAresearchpaper(sometimescalledaliterarypaperoratermpaperorathesis)isusuallyaformal,fairlylongandwell-documentedcompositionthatexplores,discusses,oranalyzesacertainfactualortheoreticalissue,anditshouldbecharacterizedbylucidandcoherentexposition.第27页Commonlyadoptedforms1)Bookreport;2)Termpaper;3)Reviewarticle;4)Thesis;

5)Dissertation第28页TermpaperThenametermpaperreferstoaprojectthatsummarizesordemonstratesmasteryoftheworkofatermorsemester.Dependingonthecourse,atermpapermayormaynotincludeformalresearch.第29页Thesis

Thewordthesiscommonlyreferstoasubstantialresearchproject.Asthewordimplies,athesisshoulddrawanoriginalconclusionbasedoninformationderivedfromresearch.InAmericanusage,itisgenerallyreservedfortheMaster’spaperortheundergraduatehonorspaper.第30页dissertationAdissertationisaresearchpapersubmittedbyacandidateforthedoctoraldegree.Thispaperrequiresmoreresearchandmoreextensivedevelopmentofideasthanamaster’sthesis.（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲长而正式论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写论文；学位论文第31页Whataboutitswritingprocess?Theprocessofwritingaresearchpaperisgenerallydividedintofivestepsorstages:1)choosingatopic2)collectinginformation3)analyzingtheinformation,organizingideas,andworkingoutanoutline;4)writingthefirstdraft5)revisingthedraftandfinalizingit第32页Processofwritingaresearchpaper1)choosingatopic2)collectinginformation3)analyzingtheinformation,organizingideas,andworkingoutanoutline;4)writingthefirstdraft5)revisingthedraftandfinalizingita,Documentation

b,Languagec,Style

第33页Lay-OutofTheLectures

forThisTermPre-writingStage:Lecture1:AGeneralintroductionoftheWritingcourse;Lecture2:howtonegotiateatopic,gathermaterialsandformapreliminarybibliography;Lecture3:howtotakenotesandavoidplagiarism;Lecture4:howtoformulateathesisstatementandworkoutanoutline;第34页Lay-OutofTheLectures

forThisTermWritingStage:Lecture5:Howtowritetheintroductoryparagraphandconcludingparagraph;Lecture6:Howtogainunityandcoherenceforthebody;Lecture7:Howtorevisetheessay;Lecture8:Howtodealwiththefinaldraftandproofread.第35页Lay-OutofTheLectures

forThisTermPost-WritingStage:Lecture9:Howtoeditanddocumentthepaper(MLAstylecen