新世纪英语专业综合教程(第二版)第4册-Unit课件

Unit2Unit2Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions.Howisthe“gettingthroughthedoor”movementunderstoodbymanypeople?

Pre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationManyviewthisapparentlylight-heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakweregettingonwell.ArafatandBarakarestrugglingtogetthroughthedooraftertheotherpartyinordertoshow“Iamincontrol”.2.Whatisthehiddenmessagebehindthescene?Bodylanguageisveryimportant,butoftencomplexandeasilymisunderstood.3.Whatdoesthisstorytellus?WatchthevideoandanswerthePre-readingActivities-Audiovisualsupplement2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationFromSecretofBodyLanguagePre-readingActivities-AudioVoiceover:Butbodylanguageisoftencomplex,andeasilymisunderstood.Here,PresidentClintonleadstheIsraeliandPalestinianleadersEhudBarakandYasserArafatupbeforethepressduringpeacenegotiations.It’sallsmilesforthecameras,butbehindthefaçadeofbonhomie,there’sapowerstrugglegoingon.Clintonjokinglyexplainsthatnoneofthemwilltakeanyquestions.Clinton:Wepromisetoeachotherwewillanswernoquestionandoffernocomments,soIhavetosetagoodexample.Voiceover:Thebodylanguagethenrevealsjustwhythatworks.Expert

A:Wow.It’salmostaphysicalfight.VideoScript1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationVoiceover:ButbodylanguageiVoiceover:Manyviewthisapparentlylight-heartedtussleasasignthatArafatandBarakweregettingonwell.Thinkagain.

Expert

A:Thereisagreatmeaningbehindwhogoesthroughthedoorfirst.NowofcoursehereintheWest,lettingsomeonethroughthedoorfirstdoesn’treallymatter.Politemaybe.ButintheMiddleEast,ithassignificantculturalimpact.Expert

B:Thehost,thepowerperson,says,“I’mincontrol.I’llhelpyouthroughthedoor.I’llshowyoutheway.”Arafat:Thankyou.Thankyou.Voiceover:ThrowinthefearandtensionpresentinmostMiddleEastnegotiations,andsuddenly,thedesireofVideoScript1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationVoiceover:ManyviewthisappabothArafatandBaraknottogothroughthatdoorbeforetheotherstartstomakesense.Expert

C:Thisisaclassicexampleinitsextremewayofhowthelastmanthroughthedooristhewinner.SoBarakreachesforYasserArafat.Arafatliterallygraspshisarm,moveson,andstartswageringhisfingeratBarak,who,then,Barak,usesthisopportunityasawrestlingmatchtomovearound,toactuallybebehindArafat,andthenliterallygraspsArafat,holdshimbythearm,andshoveshimthroughthedoor.Expert

B:Soyou’vegotfearandpowerstruggle,showinginbigbigbigbigboldbodylanguagewithit.

VideoScript1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationbothArafatandBaraknotPersonalspacecanbeimaginedasakindofbubblesurroundingapersonthatprotectshisorherprivacyandwhichotherpeoplemaynotnormallyenter.Allowingsomebodytogetverycloseandenteryourpersonalspacemaybeasignoftrustorlove.Ontheotherhand,intrudingother’spersonalspacecanberatheroffensive.Theamountofspacepeopleneedtofeelaroundthemvarieswithvariousfactors,suchasculture,sex,familiaritybetweenpeople,crowdednessofthesituation,etc.Forexample:Culturalinformation

1AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformationPersonalspacecanbeimagined●peoplefromculturesthatlikealotofpersonalspacefeelawkwardandembarrassedwhensomebodycomestooclosetothem;●peopleofthesamesexmaysitorstandclosertoeachotherthantosomebodyoftheoppositesex;●strangersandcasualacquaintancesusuallyneedmorespacethanfriendsandmembersofthesamefamilywhoknoweachotherwell;●inanoisystreetpeoplemayneedtostandcloserthantheywouldnormally,simplyinordertoheareachother.

Culturalinformation

2AudiovisualsupplementCulturalinformation●peoplefromculturesthatliStructuralanalysisInthetext,thewriterfirstpointsoutthefactthatnowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedaboutthemselvesandwanttohavealargerpersonalspacethandecadesago,andthenheanalyzesthecausesofspaceinvasion.Thetextcanbedividedintothreeparts.PartI(Paragraphs1—2):Thewritercallsthereader’sattentiontotheinvasionofpersonalspacebyrelatinganexperienceofhowhispersonalspacewasinvaded.RhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisPartII(Paragraphs3—7):Thewriteranalyzessomelikelycausesoftheshrinkageofpersonalspace,andattributestheinvasionofpersonalspacetothegeneraldeclineofgoodmanners.StructuralanalysisIntStructuralanalysisRhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisPartIII(Paragraph8—9):Theauthorpresentshisviewabouttheessenceofpersonalspace,i.e.itispsychological,ratherthanphysical,andurgespeopleto“expandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace”.StructuralanalysisRhetoricalRhetoricalFeatures1Avividandaccuratedescriptionofthebehaviourofthespaceinvadersandthosewhosepersonalspaceisbeinginvadedisachievedbyadelicateselectionofverbs.Someoftheexamplesareasfollows.RhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisaman…startedinchingtowardme…(Paragraph1)Inelevators,peoplearewedgingthemselvesinjustbeforethedoorsclose...(Paragraph3)Inmovietheatresthesedays,peoplearestakinga

claimtobotharmrests,annexingalltheelbowroom...(Paragraph7)Verbsandverbalphrasesusedtodescribethebehaviourofspaceinvaders:RhetoricalFeatures1AvRhetoricalFeatures1Verbsandverbalphrasesusedtodescribethereactionofthosewhosespaceisbeinginvaded:Iminutelyadvancedtowardthewoman…infrontofme...(Paragraph1)…whoabsent-mindedlyshuffledtowardthewhite-hairedladyaheadofhim...(Paragraph1)RhetoricalfeaturesStructuralanalysisPractice:Pleasefindmoreexamplestoillustratetheauthor’scarefulchoiceofverbs.RhetoricalFeatures1VerbsandDetailedreading1DetailedreadingSPACEINVADERS

RichardStengel

1Atmybanktheotherday,Iwasstandinginalinesnakingaroundsometiredvelvetropeswhenamaninasweat-suitstartedinchingtowardmeinhiseagernesstodeposithisSocialSecuritycheck.Ashedidso,IminutelyadvancedtowardthewomanreadingtheWallStreetJournalinfrontofme,who,inmildannoyance,begantosidleuptothemanscribblingacheckinfrontofher,whoabsent-mindedlyshuffledtowardthewhite-hairedladyaheadofhim,untilwewereallhugger-muggeragainsteachother,theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky.Detailedreading1DetailedreadDetailedreading2Detailedreading2Iestimatethatmypersonalspaceextendseighteeninchesinfrontofmyface,onefoottoeachside,andaboutteninchesinback—thoughitisnearlyimpossibletomeasureexactlyhowfarbehindyousomeoneisstanding.Thephrase“personalspace”hasaquaint,seventiesringtoit(“You’reinvadingmyspace,man”),butitisoneofthosegratifyingexpressionsthatareintuitivelyunderstoodbyallhumanbeings.Likethetwelve-milelimitaroundournationalshores,personalspaceisourindividualborderbeyondwhichnostrangercanpenetratewithoutmakingusuneasy.Detailedreading2DetailedreadDetailedreading33Lately,I’vefoundthatmypersonalspaceisbeinginvadedmorethaneverbefore.Inelevators,peoplearewedgingthemselvesinjustbeforethedoorsclose;onthestreet,pedestriansarezigzaggingthroughthehumantraffic,jostlingothers,refusingtogiveway;onthesubway,ridersarenolongertakingpainstocarveoutlittlezonesofspacebetweenthemselvesandfellow-passengers;inlinesatairports,peoplearepressingforwardlikefidgetytaxisatredlights.DetailedreadingDetailedreading33LatelyDetailedreading44Atfirst,Iattributedthistendencytothe“populationexplosion”andtherelentlessMalthusianlogicthatiftwiceasmanypeopleinhabittheplanetnowasdidtwentyyearsago,eachofushashalfasmuchspace.Recently,I’vewonderedifit’stheseason:T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring(ormuch,muchless).

OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattan

—thenumberseemstodoubleeverythreemonths—

isinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves.DetailedreadingDetailedreading44AtfirDetailedreading55Personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter;weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate.(Humanitywouldn’texistwithoutthem.)

Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.PeoplewholiveinCalcuttahavelesspersonalspacethanfolksinColorado.

“Don’ttreadonme”couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread.IwouldwagerthatpeopleintheNorthernHemispherehaveroomierconceptionsofpersonalspacethanthoseintheSouthern.ToanEnglishman,ahandshakecanseemliketrespassing,whereastoaBrazilian,anythinglessthanahugmaycomeacrossaschilliness.DetailedreadingDetailedreading55PersonaDetailedreading6-76Likedriverswhoplowintoyourparkedandemptycaranddon’tleaveanote,peoplenolongermutter“Excuseme”whentheybumpintoyou.Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented.Manners,itseemstome,areaboutgivingpeoplespace,notsteppingontoes,grantingpeopletheirprivatedomain.7I’vealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders,mini-territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.Inmovietheatresthesedays,peoplearestakingaclaimtobotharmrests,annexingalltheelbowroom,whileatcoffeeshopsandontheLongIslandRailroad,individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes.DetailedreadingDetailedreading6-76LikDetailedreading88Ultimately,personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace.Isuspectthattheshrinkingofpersonalspaceisdirectlyproportionaltotheexpansionofself-absorption:peoplewhoseattentionisinwarddonotbothertolookoutward.Eventhefocusofsciencethesedaysismicro,notmacro.TheHumanGenomeProjectismappingtheuniverseofthegeneticcode,whileneuroscientistsareusingsouped-upM.R.I.machinestocharttheflightofneuronsinourbrains.DetailedreadingDetailedreading88UltimatDetailedreading99Inthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterfly’swingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia,Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace.Inthelineatmybank,Inowrefusetomovecloserthanthreefeettothepersoninfrontofme,evenifitmeansthatthefellowbehindmestartsbreathingdownmyneck.DetailedreadingDetailedreading99IntheIs“personalspace”atermoftheseventies?Isitoutofdatenowadays?Whyorwhynot?(Paragraph2)Detailedreading2--Quesion“Personalspace”wasatermpopularlyusedintheseventiesbutseldommentionednowadays.However,itdoesn’tmeanthatitisoutofdate.People,whateverperiodstheyarein,needpersonalspace,whichisnottobepenetrated.Theonlyproblemisthattheworldisbecomingsocrowdedthatitisimpossibleforpeopletoprotecttheirpersonalspaceaswellastheyusedtodo.DetailedreadingIs“personalspace”atermofWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“personalspaceismostlyapublicmatter”?(Paragraph5)Detailedreading5--QuesionPersonalspace,firstofall,isthespaceyouexpectandareexpectedtokeepbetweenyouandotherpeopleinpublicplacesinordertomaintainanappropriateinterpersonalrelationship.EdwardT.HallinTheDetailedreadingHiddenDimension,forexample,describesthesocialvaluesappliedbyAmericanstocertaindistancesbetweenpeopleasfallingintofourmaincategories:“Intimatedistance(0—1&1/2feet),Personaldistance(1&1/2—4feet),Social/Consultativedistance(4—10feet),andPublicdistance(10ormorefeet).”

WhatdoestheauthormeanbysDoyouagreewiththewriter’sviewthatthecontractionoftheouter,personalspaceisproportionaltotheexpansionoftheinner-spaceofmodernman?(Paragraph8)Detailedreading8--QuesionYes,peopleinthepresentsocietytendtobemoreself-centered,concentratingontheirprivateaffairsandignoringtheouterworldaroundthem.Theysaytheyhavenotimeorenergytocareaboutothersinasocietyoffasttempo.Asamatteroffact,theydonotwanttobotheraboutit.DetailedreadingDoyouagreewiththewriter’sDetailedreading8–ActivityGroupdiscussionsTopicA:Ispersonalspaceimportanttoyou?Whyorwhynot?TopicB:Accordingtoyourobservation,doespersonalspacevaryindifferentplaces/relations/cultures?Giveexamples.DetailedreadingDetailedreading8–ActivityGrosnake:v.

moveinatwistingwayDetailedreading1–snakee.g.Thetrainwassnakingitswaythroughthemountains.DetailedreadingSynonym:meanderameanderingstreamTherivermeandersacrosstheplain.snake:v.moveinatwistingwinch:v.moveveryslowlyandcarefully(along,towards,around)Detailedreading1–inchDetailedreadinge.g.Howardinchedforwardinthecrowd.Heinchedhiswaythroughthenarrowpassage.保罗往前挪了挪,想要看的更清楚inch:v.moveveryslowlyandDetailedreading1--inmildannoyanceinmildannoyance:withalittleangerorimpatience

mild:a.notverygreatindegreee.g.Welookedateachotherinmildastonishment.DetailedreadingSynonym:slightDetailedreading1--inmildanDetailedreading1--sidlesidle:v.walkinatimidmanner,esp.sidewaysorobliquelyDetailedreadinge.g.AmansidleduptomeandaskedifIwantedaticketforthematch.Iaskedifhecouldhelpme,buthejustsidledaway.Detailedreading1--sidlesidleDetailedreading1--scribblescribble:

1)v.writeordraw(sth.)carelesslyorhurriedly

e.g.Hescribbledanotetohissisterbeforeleaving.Shescribbleddownherphonenumberandpusheditintohishand.Throughouttheinterview,thejournalistsscribbledawayfuriously.DetailedreadingSynonym:scrawl2)

n.

[U,sing.]

carelessanduntidywritinge.g.Howdoyouexpectmetoreadthisscribble?Detailedreading1--scribblescDetailedreading1--shuffleshuffle:v.walkbydraggingone’sfeetalongorwithoutliftingthemfullyfromtheground

Detailedreadinge.g.Heslippedonhisshoesandshuffledoutoftheroom.Afatwomanwasshufflingalongwithapushchair.Collocations:shufflesth.off:avoidtalkingorthinkingaboutsth.becauseitisnotconsideredimportantshuffleoutofsth.:trytoavoidsomeunpleasanttaskbyactingdishonestlye.g.Heshuffledthequestionoffandchangedthetopic.e.g.Imistrustthewayinwhichtheyshuffleoutofsustainedefforts.Detailedreading1--shuffleshuDetailedreading1--SlinkySlinky:n.

ASlinky(“机灵鬼”，一种用软弹簧做成的会翻跟头的玩具)isacoil-shapedspringinventedbymechanicalengineerRichardJamesinPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.Slinkyscomeinvarioussizesandshapes.Theycan“walk”downstairsasthecoilsstretchandreformasgravitymovesthemdowneachstep,thespring’smomentumcausingittospillendoverendfromonesteptothenext.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1--SlinkySlinDetailedreading2--ringring:n.aquality,oranimpressionofhavingthequalitythatismentionede.g.Herstoryhadaringoftruthaboutit.Thebookshementionedhadafamiliarringaboutthem.DetailedreadingDetailedreading2--ringring:gratifying:a.

givingpleasureorsatisfactionDetailedreading2–gratifyinge.g.ThenewplanmaybegratifyingtothePresident.DetailedreadingDerivations:gratifyv.;gratificationn.gratifying:a.givingpleasureDetailedreading2–penetrateDetailedreadingpenetrate:v.

succeedinforcingawaythrough(sth.)e.g.Theypenetratedintotheterritorywherenomanhadevergonebefore.Thesun’sradiationpenetratestheskin.Detailedreading2–penetrateDetDetailedreading3–wedge

Thepeoplesittingclosetomewedgedmeintothecorner.Openthedoorwideandwedgeitwithapadofnewspaper.e.g.Detailedreadingwedge:v.forceintoanarrowspace;fixsth.inpositionbyusingawedgeorsth.elseDetailedreading3–wedgeThepeDetailedreading3–zigzagDetailedreadingzigzag:Wezigzaggedupthehill.Thenarrowpathzigzagsupthecliff.e.g.1)

v.moveforwardbygoingatananglefirsttooneside,thentotheother2)

n.alineorpatternthatlookslikeaseriesofletterW’sasitbendstotheleftandthentotherightagain

Thepathdescendedthehillinzigzags.e.g.3)

a.[onlybeforenoun]azigzagline/path/patterne.g.Detailedreading3–zigzagDetaiDetailedreading3–carveoutDetailedreadingcarveout:establishorcreatesth.throughpainstakingeffortWithmonthsofstrenuouswork,theartistcarvedoutaflowerofivory.Yearsoffailuresandsetbackshavetaughthimandcarvedoutacareerforhim.e.g.Detailedreading3–carveoutDeDetailedreading3–pressDetailedreadingpress:v.push,move,ormake(one’sway)strongly,esp.inacrowdHepressedhiswaythroughthecrowd.Somanypeoplepressedroundthefamousactressthatshecouldn’tgettohercar.e.g.Translation:人群挤在她身边，争着要她的签名。Crowdspressedround,hertryingtogetherautograph.____________________________________________________________Detailedreading3–pressDetailDetailedreading4–infuseDetailedreadinginfuse:v.fillorcausetobefilledwithsth.Thecoachattemptedtoinfusetheteamwithsomeenthusiasm.Hernovelsareinfusedwithsadness.e.g.Collocations:infuse…into/with:fill...with...e.g.Heinfusedeagernessintothemen.Hisspeechinfusedthemenwitheagerness.Infusenewblood/lifeintoDetailedreading4–infuseDetaiDetailedreading4–keeptooneselfDetailedreadingkeeptooneself:

remainprivate;avoidmeetingotherpeopleShedoesn’tgooutmuch;shelikestokeeptoherself.e.g.Detailedreading4–keeptooneDetailedreading5–MalthusianlogicDetailedreadingMalthusianlogic:ThomasRobertMalthus(1766—1834),Britisheconomistandclergyman.InEssayonPopulation(1798)hearguedthatwithoutthepracticeof“moralrestraint”thepopulationtendstoincreaseatagreaterratethanitsmeansofsubsistence,unlesswar,famine,ordiseaseintervenesoreffortsaremadetolimitpopulation.Detailedreading5–MalthusianDetailedreading5–wagerDetailedreadingwager:v.(amoreformaltermfor)bet

Shewagered£50onahorse.IhadwageredagreatdealofmoneythatIwouldbeathim.e.g.1)wager(sth.)(onsth.);wagersth./sb.that…:betmoneyonsth.2)wager(that):usedtosaythatyouaresoconfidentthatsth.istrueorwillhappenthatyouwouldbewillingtobetmoneyonitI’llwagerthatsheknowsmoreaboutitthanshe’ssaying.e.g.Detailedreading5–wagerDetailDetailedreading6–plowDetailedreadingplow:

v.

forceawayormakeatrackAtruckplowedintothebackofthebus.Sheplowedherwaythroughthewaitingcrowds.e.g.Spelling:plow(AmericanEnglish)=plough(BritishEnglish)Detailedreading6–plowDetaileDetailedreading7–lamentlament:v.

expressregretordisappointmentoversth.consideredunsatisfactory,unreasonable,orunfair

e.g.Inthepoemhelamentsthedestructionofthecountryside.DetailedreadingSynonym:bemoane.g.Sheshowsalamentablelackofunderstanding.Derivations:lamentable:a.verydisappointing,regrettable

lamentation:n.(formal)anexpressionofgreatsadnessordisappointmentDetailedreading7–lamentlamenDetailedreading6-7–stakeaclaimtoDetailedreadingstakeaclaimto:makeaclaim

tostake:

v.beassertiveindefininganddefendingapositionorpolicye.g.Hestakedaclaimtothelandwherehe’dfoundthegold.Detailedreading6-7–stakeacDetailedreading6-7–annexDetailedreadingannex:v.takecontrolandpossessionofland,asmallcountry,etc.,esp.byforce;takewithoutpermissionSynonym:occupye.g.GermanyannexedAustriain1938.Thereareexamplesofpeopleoccupyingpublicsquaresandannexingthepavementnexttotheirlands.Detailedreading6-7–annexDetaDetailedreading8–beproportionaltoDetailedreadingbeproportionalto:increaseordecreaseatthesamerateastheotherthingincreasesordecreases,sothatthereisalwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthetwothingsDerivation:proportion:n.therelationshipofonethingtoanotherinsize,amount,etc.

e.g.Theoutputshouldbeproportionaltotheinput.Asarulesuicideratesareproportionaltothesizeofthecity.e.g.Theroomisverylonginproportionto(=relativeto)itswidth.Detailedreading8–beproportiDetailedreading8–self-absorptionDetailedreadingself-absorption:thecharacteristicofthinkingaboutthingsconcerningoneselfwithoutnoticingotherpeopleorthethingsaroundhimDerivation:self-absorbeda.Detailedreading8–self-absorpDetailedreading1–sometiredvelvetrope…sometiredvelvetrope(Paragraph1)Explanation:Here,theword“tired”means“drooping,loosenedorslackened”.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1–sometiredDetailedreading1–…untilwewere……untilwewereallhugger-muggeragainsteachother,theoriginallazylinehavingcollapsedinonitselflikeaSlinky.(Paragraph1)Paraphrase:…untilwewereallpushingagainsteachother,leavingthelineindisorder.DetailedreadingDetailedreading1–…untilweDetailedreading2–Thephrase…Thephrase“personalspace”hasaquaint,seventiesringtoit...(Paragraph2)Paraphrase:Thephrase“personalspace”soundsold-fashionedandremindsoneoftheseventies...DetailedreadingDetailedreading2–ThephraseDetailedreading4...I’vewondered…...I’vewonderedifit’stheseason:T-shirtweathercanmakeproximitymorealluring(ormuch,muchless).(Paragraph4)Paraphrase:...ithaspassedthroughmymindthatmaybethecause(ofthespaceinvasion)istheseason:summermaymakepeoplewanttobeclosertothosewhosephysicalattractionisrevealedbylightsummerclothing(thoughitmayalsomakethemwishtomovefurtherawayfromthosesmellingunpleasantlyofperspiration).DetailedreadingDetailedreading4...I’vewonDetailedreading4–Orperhaps…OrperhapstheproliferationofcoffeebarsinManhattan…isinfusingsomuchcaffeineintothealreadyjanglinglocalsthatpeoplecannolongerkeeptothemselves.(Paragraph4)Paraphrase:OrperhapstheincreasingcoffeebarsinManhattan...attractmoreandmorepeople,whoarestimulatedandexcitedbythecaffeinetheytakein,sothattheybecomeeagertomeetothersandnolongerwanttoremaininprivate.DetailedreadingDetailedreading4–OrperhapsDetailedreading5–…weallow…weallowallkindsofinvasionsofpersonalspaceinprivate.(Humanitywouldn’texistwithoutthem.)(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:…privatelyweallowpeoplewithwhomwehavecloserelationshipstoenterourpersonalspaceinavarietyofways.(Indeed,intheabsenceofsexualintimacy,noneofuswouldbehere.)

DetailedreadingDetailedreading5–…weallow…Detailedreading5–Thelogistics

Thelogisticsofitvaryaccordingtogeography.(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:Peopleindifferentregionsaregivendifferentsizesofpersonalspace.DetailedreadingDetailedreading5–ThelogistiDetailedreading5–“Don’ttreadon

“Don’ttreadonme”couldhavebeencoinedonlybysomeonewithaspread.(Paragraph5)Paraphrase:“Don’tstepintomyspace.”Thiscouldonlyhavebeeninventedbypeoplewhohaveafarmandthusalargespacealltheirown.

DetailedreadingDetailedreading5–“Don’ttreaDetailedreading6–Thedeclineof

Thedeclineofmannershasbeenwidelylamented.(Paragraph6)Paraphrase:Manyhaveexpressedregretatthedeteriorationofmanners.DetailedreadingDetailedreading6–ThedeclineDetailedreading7–I’vealsonoticed

I’vealsonoticedanincreaseintheranksofwhatIthinkofasspaceinvaders,mini-territorialexpansionistswhoseizepublicspacewithasenseofmanifestdestiny.(Paragraph7)Paraphrase:I’vealsonoticedthattheproblemofspaceinvasionhasbecomemoreandmoreserious,andthatspaceinvaders,actinginthewayterritorialexpansionistsusuallydo,takeitforgrantedthattheyhavetherighttoseizepublicspace.

DetailedreadingDetailedreading7–I’vealsonDetailedreading6-7–...individualsroutinely

...individualsroutinelycommandeerboothsandsetsoffacingseatsmeantforfoursomes.(Paragraph7)

Paraphrase:...individuals,asusual,occupytheboothsandseatswhicharedesignedforfourpeople.DetailedreadingDetailedreading6-7–...indivDetailedreading8–personalspace

…personalspaceispsychological,notphysical:ithaslesstodowiththespaceoutsideusthanwithourinnerspace.(Paragraph8)Paraphrase:...personalspaceismoreapsychologicalmatterthanaphysicalone.Asfaraswefeelcomfortableinourmind,itdoesnotmatterwhetherourphysicalpersonalspaceislargeorsmall.

DetailedreadingDetailedreading8–personalspDetailedreading9–Inthesame

Inthesamewaythatthebreezefromabutterfly’swingsinJapanmayeventuallyproduceatidalwaveinCalifornia,Ihavedecidedtoexpandthecontractingboundariesofpersonalspace.(Paragraph9)Paraphrase:Theauthorhopesthathisownstandagainsttheshrinkingofpersonalspace,whilesmallinitself,willnonethelesseventuallyhaveadramaticeffectinthesamewayasthebreezefromabutterfly’swingsinJapan