新编英语教程5unit4教学课件省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件

UnitFour

TEXTITheInvisiblePoorIII.LibraryWork1.Broadlyspeaking,themiddleclassisthesocialgroupbetweentheupperorthewealthyandworkingclasses,includingprofessionalandbusinessworkersandtheirfamilies.Themiddleclassissometimesdividedintolowermiddle1/78III.LibraryWorkanduppermiddleclasses---adivisionbasedonoccupationalandeducationaldifferences.SinceWorldWarII,themiddleclasshasbeenthelargestclassintheUnitedStates,wherethemiddleclassparticipatemoreinpoliticalandvoluntaryorganizationsthandothe2/78III.LibraryWorksubordinateclasses,thatis,thelowestpaidwageearnersandthejoblesspoor.ThemiddleclassintheU.S.alsohasahigherrateofreligiousparticipationthananyotherclass.2.Dictionarydefinitionsofslumandghetto:

Slum---athicklypopulated,squalidpartofacityinhabitedbythepoorestpeople3/78III.LibraryWork

Ghetto---Informertimes,inmostEuropeancountries,asectionofacityinhabitedbyJews.IntheU.S.today,athicklypopulatedslumareainacityinhabitedpredominantlybyaminoritygroup.InmanycitiesintheU.S.,particularlyintheEastandtheMiddleWest,slumsdevelopedwhereunemploymentledtogreatsufferingandover-crowdedness;moreover,pauperismandcrimearewidespread.4/78III.LibraryWorkIntheU.S.,ghettoisatermusedtodescribesegregatedresidentialareasinthenorthernU.S.Theyaretypicallyovercrowded,andhavepoorhousingandhighunemployment.Theyarelargelyaresultofsegregation.3.Thegeneralpurposeofunionshasbeentoprotectandadvancethewell-beingofworkers.SomeparticipantsinandobserversoftheU.S.labormovementhaveviewedunionsasinstitutionswiththepotentialtoestablishindustrialdemocracyandsocialism.Untilthe5/78III.LibraryWork1930s,U.S.laborunionssufferedseverelegaldisadvantages.Before1842strikeswereoftenprohibitedbythecourts.In1932antistrikeinjunctionswereoutlawed.U.S.unionsfinallygainedfulllegalrecognitionin1935.Theworkerswerethengiventherighttoformandjoinunionsandtoengageincollectivebargaining.6/78IV.OrganizationoftheTextI.Thesisstatement:invisibilityofAmericanpoor(Paragraphs1–2)II.Thenormalandobviouscausesoftheinvisibilityofthepoor(Paragraphs3–7)

1.Povertyisoftenoffthebeatentrack.(Paragraph4)2.Beautyandmythsaremasksofpoverty.(Paragraph5)3.Summaryandcomment(Paragraphs6–7)7/78IV.OrganizationoftheTextIII.Anewkindofblindnessaboutpoverty(Paragraphs8–14)

1.TransformationoftheAmericancityisolatesthepoorfromsightofothers.(Paragraphs8–9)2.Well-meaningignorancekeepsconcernedandsympatheticAmericansfromknowingthetruthaboutthepoor.(Paragraph10)

3.Massproductionenablesthebest-dressedpovertytoexist.(Paragraphs11–12)8/78IV.OrganizationoftheText

4.Manyofthepoorarethewrongagetobeseen.(Paragraphs13–14)IV.Politicalinvisibility---thedispossessedatthebottomofsocietycannotspeakforthemselves.(Paragraphs15–17)V.Conclusion(Paragraph18)9/78V.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph3perennial:lastingthroughthewholeyear;lastingforeverorforalongtime持久，长久E.g.:theperennialsnowfields终年积雪原野theperennialbluejeans四季都穿牛仔裤aperennialinvalid长久病人theperennialproblemsofisolationinoldage一直未能处理老年人孤独问题10/78Paragraph4

offthebeatentrack/path:notwell-known;notoftenvisited去人不多，鲜有些人涉足；不知名;离开常规；不落俗套beaten:(ofapath,track,etc.)thatisgivenshapebythefeetofthosewhopassalongit(路)被踏平,走出来,人们常走E.g.:Wefollowedawell-beatenpaththroughtheforest.我们沿着人们常走小路穿过了森林。11/78Paragraph4E.g.:avacationspotthatisoffthebeatentrack僻静度假处gooffthebeatentrack打破常规turnpike(AmE):alsopike,turnpikeroad,aspecialroadfortheuseoffast-travelingvehicles,especiallysucharoadwhichonehastopaytouse

高速公路12/78Paragraph4rut:deepnarrowmarksortracksleftinsoftgroundbythewheelofavehicle车辙ruttedroads:roadswithdeep,narrowmarksmadebythewheelsofvehicles有车辙路；凹凸不平路E.g.:beinarut墨守成规，也成不变13/78Paragraph4get/fallintoarut陷入老一套，开始墨守成规fallintoaconversationalrut开始了老调重弹谈话getoutofone’srut摆脱陈规旧习arunawaysweatshop:aout-and-outsweatshop彻头彻尾血汗工厂14/78Paragraph4runaway:outofcontrol摆脱控制；控制不住E.g.:arunawayoilwell喷流不止油井runawayinflation（脱缰野马似）恶性通货膨胀therunawaycostofgrain飞涨谷物价格15/78Paragraph5run-down:oldandbroken;inbadcondition失修，破败；衰败E.g.:arun-downoldhouse破败旧屋Thisneighborhoodisgettingrun-down.附近这一带正在日渐衰落。beexemptfrom:befreedfromaduty,service,payment,etc.被豁免；被免去E.g.:Charitableorganizationsareexemptfromtaxation.16/78Paragraph5Johnisexemptfromphysicaleducationbecauseofpoorhealth.strain:astateinwhichoneisgreatlytroubledbyanxietyanddifficulty极度担心；重负；过劳E.g.:

Youngpeopleareundergreatstrainduringtheexaminationperiod.Examinationsofallkindsputagreatstrainonyoungpeople.17/78Paragraph5tension:(afeelingof)nervousness,anxiety,worry,orpressure（精神上）担心E.g.:Beforetheinterview,Janetsufferedfromalotofnervoustension.Hefelthelplessunderthetensionofwaitingforthenews.18/78Paragraph5underprivileged:(ofpeople)nothavingtheadvantagesofordinaryperson’slife;lackingingoodchancesforeducation,sociallife,etc.贫困；社会经济地位低下；生活水平低下E.g.:childrenfromunderprivilegedhomes贫困家庭孩子anunderprivilegednation生活水平低下国家underprivilegedareasofacity城市贫民区19/78Paragraph6theywillbefunctioningagenerationhence:thenormalandobviouscausesoftheinvisibilityofAmericanpoorwillstillholdtrueinagenerationfromnowfunction:operate,workE.g.:Isthemachine/computer/telephonefunctioning?hence:fromnowE.g.:threedays/aweek/twomonthshence20/78Paragraph6slip:movesecretlyorunnoticedE.g.:Thewetsoapslippedoutofmyhand.Hersecretslippedoutwithoutherknowing.Daysslippedbyandheaccomplishedverylittle.Don’tletgoodopportunitiesslipthroughyourfingers.21/78Paragraph7foray:literallymeans“asuddenattackintoanenemyareabyasmallnumberofsoldierstodamageorseizearms,foot,etc.”突袭；闪电式侵扰E.g.:Thesoldierswentonaforayatthecommandoftheofficer.

makeaforayonatown对一城镇进行突袭22/78Paragraph7Foray’sextendedmeaningis“ashortattempttobecomeactiveinanactivitythatisquitedifferentfromone’susualactivity.”Whattheauthormeanshereisthatvisitstotheslumsmadebythemiddleclassatusualtimesarerare,butatChristmastime,therewouldbesomevisits.冒险；涉足ashortunexpectedvisit短暂访问23/78Paragraph7E.g.:thepresident’sthree-dayforayintotheSouth总统对南方3天短暂访问Fromtimetotimehemadeforaystothepavementbooksellers.他经常涉足街头书摊ghetto:asectionofacityortownwhereliveminoritypeoplewhoarenotacceptedassocialequalsbythemajorityofitscitizens少数民族聚居区24/78Paragraph7Comparesynonymsofghetto:slum:adistrictinacityortownwherelivingconditionsaredirtyandunhealthy,andwherepoorpeoplelive贫民窟shantytown:apartofacityortownmadeupofpoorly-builthuts,cabins,orhouses棚户区25/78Paragraph8thefailures:peoplewhofailindoingwhattheyexpecttodo;unsuccessfulpeople26/78Paragraph9assume:takesomethingasafactorastruewithoutproof;supposeE.g.:Hewasabsentatthepicnic.Iassumethathe’dforgottenallaboutit.Assumingthatitrainstomorrow,shallwechangeourplan?27/78Paragraph10compound:makeworsebyadding(something)to…(oftenusedinthepassive)增加；加重E.g.:compoundaproblem使问题复杂化compounddifficulties(losses)加重困难（损失）Hisdifficultywascompoundedbyasenseofinsecurity/uncertainty.28/78Paragraph10hovel:asmalldirtyplacetolivein简陋小屋；茅舍；肮脏杂乱住所29/78Paragraph11Theironyinthis…:thereverse(stateofaffairs)/theincongruityofthis…Ironyrefersto“thesortofeventorresultwhichisjusttheoppositeofwhatonewouldhopeforormeanttohappen”含有讽刺意义事30/78Paragraph12discern:tosee,notice,orunderstand,especiallywithdifficulty;perceive看出，识别，觉察Thisprocesshasbeenmagnifiedwiththepoorthroughoutthecountry:Thisprocessofhavingthepoordisappearfromsighthasbeendevelopingrapidlyalloverthecountry.31/78Paragraph14lurid:sensational,shocking可怕；惊人;骇人听闻；过分渲染得E.g.:luridaccountsofthecarnage骇人听闻大屠杀报道Hepaintedaluridpictureofprisonlife.他把监狱生活描写得十分可怕。luridcrimes(stories)耸人听闻罪行（故事）32/78Paragraph15thedispossessed:peoplewhohavelostalltheirpossessions.Here,thedispossessedarepeoplewhodonotpossessanything.fraternal:of,belongingto,orlikebrothers弟兄（般），友爱E.g.:fraternalaffection弟兄情谊afraternalatmosphere友好气氛33/78Paragraph16thereisnotevenacynicalpoliticalmotiveforcaringabutthepoor,asintheolddays:Intheolddays,theremightbesomeconcernforthepoorshownbysomepeopletoachievetheirownpurposes.Theirmotiveofdoingsowouldbecynical,ordoubtful.Buttoday,thereisnoteventhatkindofconcern.34/78Paragraph17reservoir:alargesupply,especiallyonethathasnotyetbeenused贮藏，蓄积，大量供给E.g.:anoilreservoir油槽Historyisareservoirofhumanexperience.历史是人类经历总汇。haveagreatreservoirofknowledge有广博知识menace:somethingwhichsuggestsathreatorbringsdanger威胁35/78Paragraph17articulatetheneedsofthepoor:expressclearlyandeffectivelytheneedsofthepoorarticulate:expressthoughtsandfeelingsclearlyE.g.:Hewassodespondent（沮丧，泄气）thathecouldhardlyarticulatehisdistress.Articulateisoftenusedinlanguagelearning,meaning“pronouncedistinctly,clearly,andcarefully.”E.g.:Josephinearticulateseverywordcarefully.Shehasgoodarticulation.36/78Paragraph18intheoldrhetoricofreform:reformintheolddaysthatwasstatedinalanguagethatwasfinetohearorreadbutthatreallydidnotmeanmuch以往粉饰太平改革Rhetoricinitsgeneralsensemeans“theartofspeakingorwritinginawaythatislikelytopersuadeorinfluencepeople.”Butinthiscontext,rhetoricisusedinitsderogatorysense,meaning“speechorwritingthatsoundsfineandimportant,butisreallyinsincereorwithoutmeaning.”37/78VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.5:Theword“too”indicatesfurtherance.Inthiscase,ittellsthereaderwhattheparagraphdealswithissimilartowhathasbeendealtwith.Thefactis,inthisparagraph,wefindanotherperennialreasonwhypovertyisinvisibleinAmerica.Para.6:Thepronoun“these”canpointbothbackwardandforward.Inthiscaseitpointsbackward,i.e.“these”refertotheperennialreasonsthathavebeenexplainedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.38/78VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.8:“Now”indicatesachangeofdirection.Thewriterisgoingtoturnfromthe“perennial”tothe“present”.Para.9:“Inshort”isusedtosummarize.Whatfollowsisabriefsummaryofwhathasjustbeensaid,i.e.theeffecturbandevelopmenthasontheinvisibilityofthepoor.39/78VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.10:“Thisnewsegregation”referstothesegregationofthepoorfromtheaffluentmentionedintheprevioustwoparagraphs.Thesegregationis“new”becausetherehasbeenthe“old”notorioussegregationofthecoloredpeoplefromthewhite40/78VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.11:Theword“this”in“Theironyinthis”referstothelastsentenceofthelastparagraph.i.e.“Thereisawarmfeelingofsatisfaction,ofprideinthewaythingsareworkingout:thepoor,itisobvious,arebeingtakencareof”.Cantheybetakencareofwhentheyareeveninvisible?41/78VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.12:“This”in“Thisisanextremelyimportantfactor…”referstothelastsentenceofthelastparagraph,i.e.“Evenpeoplewithterriblydepressedincomescanlookprosperous.”Para.13:Theword“then”herehasnothingtodowithitsbasicmeaning,i.e.aspecificpointoftimeeitherinthepastorinthefuture.Hereitisusedinthesenseof“besides”,showingthatthereisanotherreasonwhythepoorareinvisible.42/78VI.SAtoOrganizationandDevelopment,P.50,Student’sBookPara.15:“Andfinally”hereis,asusual,usedtoshowthatwehavecometothelastpointinourexposition.Herethewriterisgoingtotellusthatthepoorarenotonlymateriallyandemotionallyinvisible,buttheyarealsopoliticallyinvisible,i.e.theirvoiceisnotheard.43/78VII.SAtoEx.I,P.36,Workbook1.ToenforcehisassertionthattheotherAmericadidexistthoughmostAmericansmightnotbelieveitjustbecausetheyhadneverbeentherepersonally.WhatHarringtonistryingtosayis“Imyselfwasonceignorantofitsexistence,butnowIcanprovetoyouthatitdoesexist.”44/78VII.SAtoEx.I,P.36,Workbook2.RefertoParagraphs4and5.Ruralpovertyishiddenawayfromtouristswhonormallytravelonhighwayswithoutpenetratingintothecountry,andsometimesismaskedbyitsnaturalbeauty.3.RefertoParagraphs8–10.Urbantransformationleadstothedistributionalsegregationofpoverty,andurbanrenewalcreatesthefalseimpressionabouttheexistenceofthepoor.45/78VII.SAtoEx.I,P.36,Workbook4.RefertoParagraphs11–14.Massproductionofgarmentsenableseventhepoortobedecentlydressed.Mostpoorpeopleareaged;theyarelessmobileandthuslessvisible.5.Politically,thepoorarenotadequatelyrepresented;andtheirvoiceisnotheardandattendedtointhepoliticallifeofthenation.6.(Omitted)46/78VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,Workbook1.Beautyreferstothebeautifulenvironment.Specificallyitreferstothehills,thestreams,thefoliageinthelovelyseasonintheareaoftheAppalachiansMountains.MythsrefertoRousseau’sconceptofthe“primitiveman,”apersonwhowasadmiredforhissupposedlysimpleandpurelife,andwhowasexemptfromthestrainsandtensionofthemiddleclass.Speciallytheyrefertotherun-downmountainhouses,supposedlytheabode（住所）ofthefortunatepeople.47/78VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,Workbook

WhenthetravelercomestotheAppalachians,hewillseethebeautyofnature,andtherun-downhousesremindhimofthe“primitiveman.”Hedoesnotknowthatthepeoplelivingintheareaareactuallyundereducated,underprivileged;inotherwords,theyarepoor.Sooutwardbeautyofnatureandfalsebeliefsinthe“primitiveman”aremisleading---theysimplycoverupthetruth---theexistenceofpoverty.48/78VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,Workbook2.Thesegregationofthepoorfromtheaffluentisnewbecausethepoorstillliveinthemiserablehousinginthecentralareaofacitywhiletheaffluentmiddleclasshavemovedouttothesuburbs,sothereislittlechancefortheaffluenttoseethepoor.Well-meaningignorancereferstothelackofawarenessoftheexistenceofpovertyonthepartofthemiddleclasswhoactuallyhavegoodintentions.49/78VIII.SAtoEx.II,P.37,WorkbookThemiddleclasshearmuchabouturbanrenewal,andwhentheyseeaslumtorndownandmodernbuildingsstandinitsplace,theyfeelgratified,thinkingthatthepoorarebeingtakencareof,notknowingthatmoreandmorepoorpeoplearebeingsqueezedintoexistingslums.50/78IX.SAtoEx.III,P.37,Workbook1.CanIbeexemptfromtheregularphysicalexaminationthisyear?IjusthadonethreemonthsagobeforeIwenttothesummercamp.2.CouldyoutellmeagainwhatIshoulddonext?Whatyousaidyesterdayhasslippedoutofmymind.3.WeallassumedthatDavewasatrustworthyperson,butitturnedoutthatwewerewrong.51/78IX.SAtoEx.III,P.37,Workbook4.Hismisfortunewascompoundedbyhiswife’sillnessandhislossofjob.5.Whetherornottherearelivingbeingsinouterspaceisofperennialinteresttoman.6.Whenyouareundergreatstrain,youwillnotbeabletothinkclearly.7.Jimtendstolosehistemperwhenhisadviceisnotheeded.8.Inspiteofhisgreatleaning,theteacherfindsitdifficulttoarticulatehisstudents’needs.52/7853/78TEXTII

…Meanwhile,HumanEatPetFoodI.OrganizationoftheText1.Author’sexperiencesofpetfoodconsumption(Paragraphs1–7)a.Thefirsttimeduringmyyouth(Para.1)b.Thesecondtimeinthesummerof1953(Paragraphs2-4)c.Thenexttimein1956(Paragraph5)d.Laterinthelate1950’s(Paragraph6)54/78I.OrganizationoftheTexte.Mylaterexperience(Paragraph7)(Whenhefirstobservedpeopleeatingpetfood,itwasamonghisneighborsandacquaintancesintheSouth.Thenhehadthepersonalexperiencesofeatingit.Butlaterhefounditcommonamongalargernumberofpeople.Andwhat’smore,someatethingsworsethanpetfood.Hisexperiencesandobservations,apartfromfollowingthetimeorder,alsofollowtheorderofincreasingseverity.)55/78I.OrganizationoftheText2.Conclusion(Paragraphs8–9)

(Withregardtonumbers,heavoidsbeingtooexactandspecific,knowingfullywellthathecanhardlyaffordtobeso.Notehisuseofwordslike“conservative,estimate,atleast,some,”andalsothesentence“Whoknowshowmanymoremillionssupplementtheirdietwithpet-foodproducts?”Such56/78I.OrganizationoftheTextqualificationsdonotweakenhisargument.Heseemstothinkthedataavailableatpresentarealreadysufficienttodrawtheconclusion.Ashesaysneartheend,

itwouldbesufficienttoknowthatthereisonechildorasingleelderlypersonintheU.S.whoisreducedtoeatingpetfood.)57/78II.KeyPointsoftheTextParagraph1patty:foodcutintoverysmallpieces,formedintosmallflatshapes,andcooked馅饼，肉饼sizzle:tomakeasoundlikewaterfallingonhotmetalorfoodcookinginhotfat咝咝地响spaceheater:anelectricorfuel-burningmachineforheatinganenclosedareaorroom小型供热器58/78Paragraph1dilapidated:(ofthings)inbadconditionbecauseofageorlackofcare;fallingtopieces荒废，坍坏，破旧unrelenting:continuous,withoutdecreasinginpoweroreffort连续，不间断stench:averystrongbadsmell恶臭，臭气59/78Paragraph2attheendoftherainbow:可望而不可即地方chase(after)therainbow(s):做白日梦，幻想，想入非非turnsb.away:refusetogiveone’ssympathy,help,orsupporttosb.拒绝帮助某人；把…某人打发走60/78Paragraph2nestegg:anamountofmoneysavedforspecialfutureuse贮备金pilfer:tosteal(smallamountofthingsoflittlevalue)小偷小摸，偷窃surreptitiously:secretly,especiallyfordishonestreasons秘密地61/78Paragraph3self-sufficiency:thestateorqualityofbeingself-sufficient(abletoprovideforone’sneedswithoutoutsidehelp,especially(ofacountry)withoutbuyinggoodsandservicesfromabroad自给自足；过于自信62/78Paragraph3seekout:(usu.formal.,olduse,orliterary)=searchout,tofindsomethingorsomeonebylookinghardE.g.:IttookmeseveralweekstoseekoutthebootsthatIwanted.63/78Paragraph4mealy:likeorcontainingmeal粗粉状；粉状E.g.:abutterflywithmealywings有粉翅蝴蝶themiller’smealyhands磨坊工人沾粉双手64/78Paragraph7turnup:findsomethingbychance,asbydiggingorsearchingE.g.:Justhowdoyouintendtoturnupthenecessaryproof?Youneverknowwhenyoumayturnupanancientcoininthispartofthecountry,whichissorichinhistory.65/78Paragraph9incontrovertible:impossibletodisprove;indisputable不容置疑，无可反驳E.g.:absoluteandincontrovertibletruth颠扑不破绝对真理Theevidenceofbraininjuryisincontrovertible.脑子受伤证据是确凿无疑。66/78Paragraph9bountiful:freelygiven,generous;plentiful慷慨，大方；充分，丰富reducesomebodyorsomethingto:tobringorforceto(especiallyaweakerorlessfavorablestate)使处于，迫使forage:foodsuppliesforhorsesandcattle草料，饲料67/78III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook1.ProbablyhewasbornandbroughtupinapoorfamilyintheSouth.Mostofhisneighboursandacquaintanceswereporandunderfed;thereforeeatingpetfoodwasnotunusualatall.2.Theword“surreptitiously”means“secretly,stealthily”.Thefactthatheboughtandatepetfoodsurreptitiouslyshowsthathethoughtitindecent,undignified,orhumiliatingforhumanstoeatpetfood.68/78III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook3.Hetooksomuchprideinfindingbyhimselfthemeansforsustenancethathewouldnotthinkoflivingoncharityandaskingforhelp.Consequentlyhewouldhavetostarveorbereducedtoeatingpetfood.4.Theyhadtoeatsomethingevenworsethanpetfood,suchasbakingsoda,bakingpowder,laundrystarch,tobacco,clay,sand,etc.69/78III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook5.Occurringnotsystematicallyorregularly,butfoundoccasionallyhereandthere.6.Hisestimatelackssufficientsolidepidemiologicalevidencethatshowsaspecificpercentageofpeopleeatpetfood.Forfearofoverestimatingthefigurehechoosestogiveaconservativeestimate.70/78III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook7.Fromhispersonalexperiencesandfromwhatheobserved,thosewhoeatpetfoodarecompelledtodosobypoverty.8.Itcouldbe“TheU.S.alwaysclaimstobethewealthiestandmostaffluentcountryintheworld;meanwhile,humanseatpetfood.”71/78III.SAtoQuestionsforDiscussion,P.55,Student’sBook9.No.Buthehaspresenteditintheformofarhetoricalquestioninthelastparagraph:Mustwewaitforincontrove