制造技术学习通超星课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

制造技术学习通超星课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年(

)hastheworstliquidity.

参考答案:

Caststeel

（

）是原子有序、有规律排列的物质。

参考答案:

晶体

（

）的原子呈无序、无规则堆积。

参考答案:

非晶体

1Cr13、2Cr13、3Cr13、4Cr13belongto(属于)（）

参考答案:

stainlesssteel

Accordingtothedifferentlamellarspacingofpearlite,whatisthelamellarstructureformedbetween650~600℃?

参考答案:

Sorbite

Aftercarburizing（渗碳处理）,thesurfaceoftheworkpiece（工件）isrequiredtohavehighhardness(硬度)andwearresistance(耐磨性),whilethecenterhashightoughness(韧性).Therefore,whichofthefollowingmaterialsshouldbeusedtomanufacturetheworkpiece?

参考答案:

20steel(钢)

Amongthefollowingthreestructuresofironcarbonalloy,theonebelongingtomechanicalmixtureis(

).

参考答案:

P

Annealingisgenerallyaprocessofcoolinginthefurnacetoobtainastructureclosetoequilibrium.

参考答案:

对

Copper(Cu)andnickel(Ni)canbeformedas().

参考答案:

displacementsolidsolutionwithinfinitesolubility

Differencesbetweenpreforgingdiechamberandfinalforgingdiechamber:

参考答案:

Thefilletandinclinationofthepreforgingdiechamberarelarge.###Thefilletandslopeofthefinalforgingdiechamberaresmall.

Elementspromotingalloyshrinkagereductioninclude(

).

参考答案:

C###Si

Fe-Fe３C相图中，GS线是平衡结晶时（）的开始线。

参考答案:

奥氏体向铁素体转变

Fe-Fe3C相图中,共晶线的温度为()℃。

参考答案:

1148

Fe-Fe3C相图中,共析线的温度为()℃。

参考答案:

727

Forhypoeutecticsteel,theappropriatequenchingtemperatureisgenerally（

）,sothatthestructureafterquenchingisuniformmartensite.

参考答案:

Ac3+30～50℃

Fullannealingismainlyapplicabletowhichofthefollowingmaterials?

参考答案:

Hypoeutectoidsteel

IfthealloyelementsaddedinthesteelcanmaketheCcurvemovetotheleft,whatwillhappentothehardenabilityofthesteel?

参考答案:

reduce

Inironcarbonalloy,onlythealloywitheutectoidcompositionpointscanhaveeutectoidreactionandformeutectoidstructureduringcrystallization.

参考答案:

错

Inordertosimplifytheshapeofforgingsoraccordingtotheneedsofforgingprocess,addapartofmetallargerthantheallowanceinsomeparts:

参考答案:

Remainingpiece(dressing)

Intheequilibriumstructureofironcarbonalloy,whichhasthehighestplasticity?

参考答案:

F

Intheironcarbonalloyequilibriumstructure,whichhasthehighesthardness?

参考答案:

Fe3C

Inclinationofinnerwallα2shallbeinclinedtotheouterwallα1largeorderofmagnitude.

参考答案:

对

Keypointsofpunchingoperation:

参考答案:

Throughholeispunchedonbothsides.###Holeswithd<25mmwillnotbepunchedout.###Solidpunchford<450mm###Hollowpunchford>450mm

Largequantitiesofcoldheadingsuchasscrews,nails,rivets,bolts,etc.canbemanufacturedbyfreeforging.

参考答案:

错

Ld(Le)ismonophasic.

参考答案:

错

Liquidshrinkageandsolidificationshrinkagearethemaincausesofstress,deformationandcrackincastings.

参考答案:

错

Lowtemperature(abnormal)ledeburiteiscomposedof(

)twophases.

参考答案:

F+Fe3C

Measurestopreventcastingdeformationinclude(

).

参考答案:

Thewallthicknessofcastingsshallbeasuniformandsymmetricalaspossible###Adoptsimultaneoussolidificationprocess###Oppositedeformation###Stressreliefannealing

Measurestopreventcastingfromgeneratingthermalstressinclude(

).

参考答案:

Thewallthicknessshallbeasuniformaspossible###Adopttheprincipleofsimultaneoussolidification

Measurestopreventtheformationofthinwaistorinterlayerduringmetalupsettinginclude:

参考答案:

Upsettingforceislargeenough

Onlythealloyswitheutecticcompositionpointscanhaveeutecticreactionandformeutecticstructure.

参考答案:

错

Pearlite(P)is().

参考答案:

mechanicalmixture

Pearlitecanbedividedinto(

),(

)and(

)accordingtothesizeoflamellarspacing.

参考答案:

pearlite###Sorbite###Tortoisomes

Principlesfordeterminingpartingsurfaceofdieforgings:

参考答案:

Thepartingsurfaceshallbeselectedatthemaximumsectionoftheforging.###Thepartingsurfaceshallbesuchthatthemoldboredepthistheshallowest.###Theselectedpartingsurfaceshallbeabletomaketheupperandlowerdieshavethesamecontouralongthepartingsurface.###Thepartingsurfaceshouldbeasflataspossible.###Thepartingsurfaceshallensuretheminimumamountofdressingrequiredforforgings.

Processingmethodforproductionofsteelplates,sectionsandpipesofvariousspecifications:

参考答案:

rolling

Shasagoodeffectontheproperties(性能)ofsteelandisabeneficialelement(有益元素).

参考答案:

错

Shapingofshaftandrodforgings:

参考答案:

elongate

Shrinkagecavitiesaremostlyconcentratedatthefirstsolidificationpositionofthecasting.

参考答案:

错

Sn的再结晶温度为-71℃，其在室温下的变形加工是

参考答案:

热加工

Structureprocessoffreeforgingforging:

参考答案:

Trythebesttoavoidconicalorinclinedstructures.###Avoidspatialintersectioncurve.###Avoidreinforcingrib,bossandⅠ-shapedstructure.###Reasonablyadoptcompositestructure.

Temperingismeaninglessforunhardenedsteel.

参考答案:

对

Thecastingperformanceofthealloyisgenerallymeasuredby(

).

参考答案:

flowability###shrinkage

Thecauseofinsufficientpouringandcoldshutinthecastingprocessis(

).

参考答案:

Poorflowability

Thecontent(含量)ofCrinGCr15is15%.

参考答案:

错

Thedepthofthehardenedlayerofthesamematerialisrelatedtothesizeoftheworkpieceandthecoolingmedium.

参考答案:

对

Theeutectictransitiontemperaturesofhypoeutecticalloys,eutecticalloysandhypereutecticalloysaredifferent.

参考答案:

错

Theexternalforcesactingonthemetalblankinmetalplasticformingmainlyinclude:

参考答案:

impactforce###stress

Thefinalheattreatment(热处理)ofquenchedandtemperedsteel(调质钢)isusually()+(

)toobtaintemperedsorbitestructure(回火索氏体组织).

参考答案:

quenching###hghtemperaturetempering

Thefollowingironcarbonalloyshavethebestweldability(

)

参考答案:

mildsteel

TheforgeabilityofAlalloyisbetterthanthatofpureAl.

参考答案:

错

Thegeneralprocessofheattreatmentincludes:

参考答案:

heating###heatpreservation###cooling

Thehardenabilityofsteelcanbeexpressedbythedepthofthehardenedlayer.Thedeeperthehardenedlayeris,thebetterthehardenabilityis.

参考答案:

对

Thehardenabilityofsteelisrelatedtoworkpiecesizeandcoolingmedium.

参考答案:

错

Theheattreatmentofgraycastironcannotonlychangethematrixstructure,butalsochangetheshapeanddistributionofgraphite.

参考答案:

错

Thehighpouringtemperatureandtheincreaseofthetimefortheliquidmetaltoremainliquidinthemoldcanimprovethefluidityofthealloy,andpreventthedefectssuchasporosity,shrinkagecavity,shrinkageporosity,andsandsticking.

参考答案:

错

Thehigherthecarboncontentandalloyelementsinthemetal,thebetterthemalleability.

参考答案:

错

Thehigherthehardenabilityofsteelis,thehigherthecriticalcoolingrateis(

),andthepositionofitsCcurveis(

).

参考答案:

lower###shiftright

Thehighertheinitialforgingtemperatureofmetal,thebetter.

参考答案:

错

Theindicatorsofmalleabilityare:

参考答案:

plasticity###deformationresistance

Theleverlawappliestoallregionsofthephasediagram.

参考答案:

错

Theliquidcompositionofhypereutecticalloyduringeutectictransformationisconsistentwiththatofeutecticalloy.

参考答案:

对

Themainpurposeofsteelspheroidizingannealingis(

).

参考答案:

reductionofhardness###improveplasticity###Improvementofcuttingperformance###preparationofthestructureforquenching

Themechanicalpropertiesofmartensitearecharacterizedbyhighhardnessandhighstrength.

参考答案:

对

Thephasediagramformedwhenthetwocomponentsarecompletelymiscibleinliquidstate,butarelimitedtobemiscibleinsolidstate,andperitecticreactionoccursiscalled

参考答案:

Peritecticphasediagram

Thepreventionmeasureofshrinkagecavityandporosityissequentialsolidification,whichadoptscastingheadandchilliron.

参考答案:

对

Theproductofeutectoidtransformationofironcarbonalloyis().

参考答案:

P

Therequirementsforthestructureandprocessofdieforgingsare:

参考答案:

Dieforgingsmusthaveareasonablepartingsurface.###Thedieforgingslopeshallbedesignedforthenonmachinedsurfaceonthedieforgingparalleltothehammeringdirection;Theangleformedbythenonmachinedsurfaceshallbedesignedaccordingtothedieforgingfillet.###Avoiddesigningdeepandporousstructures.###Theshapeofdieforgingsshallbeassimple,straightandsymmetricalaspossible.###Forgingweldingcombinationprocessshallbeadoptedforforgingswithcomplexshapeanddifficulttodieforging.

Theslowerthecoolingrate,themoreconducivetothegraphitizationprocess.

参考答案:

对

Thesmallerthedeformationresistanceis,thebetterthemalleabilityis.

参考答案:

对

Thesolidificationmodeofaluminumcopperalloyinthecastingprocessis(

).

参考答案:

Pastysolidification

Thethermalstressgeneratedinthecastingprocesswilldisappearautomaticallyafterthecastingsandfalls.

参考答案:

错

Thetwocomponentscanbeinfinitelymiscibleinbothliquidandsolid,andtheprocessofcrystallizationofsingle-phasesolidsolutionfromliquidphaseduringcoolingiscalled

参考答案:

uniformgrain

Whatalloyelements（合金元素）aremainlyaddedtorollingbearingsteel（滚动轴承钢）?

参考答案:

Cr

Whatarethemainharmfulimpurities(有害杂质元素)insteel?

参考答案:

S、P

Whatarethemeasurestoprolongtheflowtimeofliquidalloyandimprovethefillingconditionsofthemold?

参考答案:

Elevatedsprue###Enlargeingatesection###DrySandMold###Addairoutlet

Whatcanalloysteelsbeclassified(分类）accordingtothetotalamountofalloyelements(合金元素总量)?

参考答案:

Lowalloysteel###Mediumalloysteel###Highalloysteel

Whatcansteelbedividedaccordingtoitsuse?

参考答案:

structuralsteel###toolsteel###specialperformancesteel

Whatdoesthehardenabilityofsteelmainlydependon?

参考答案:

alloyingelement

Whatismorein45steelthan25steelintheroomtemperatureequilibriumstructure?

参考答案:

RelativequantityofP

WhatisthecarboncontentofT10steel?

参考答案:

1.0%

Whatisthemaindifferenceinchemicalcomposition(化学成分)betweenordinarysteel(普通钢),high-qualitysteel(优质钢)andhigh-gradehigh-qualitysteel(高级优质钢)?

参考答案:

S、P

Whatisthemanualmodelingmethodapplicabletothefollowingfigure?

参考答案:

Integralmolding

Whatisthenormalquenchingheatingtemperatureofhypereutectoidsteel?

参考答案:

Ac1+30～50℃

Whatisthestructureofsteelafterquenchingandtempering?

参考答案:

Temperedsorbite

Whatisthetransformationfromaustenitetopearlite?

参考答案:

Hightemperaturetempering

Whatparts(零件)aresuitablefor65steel?

参考答案:

Elastomers

Whatshouldbedonetotheconnectingrod(连杆)madeof40Crsteeltoobtaingoodcomprehensivemechanicalproperties(综合机械性能)?

参考答案:

Quenchingandtempering

Whatsteelshouldbeusedforthechisel(錾子)andsawblade(锯条)usedbybenchworkers(钳工)?

参考答案:

T12

Whatsteelshouldbeusedtomanufacturespiralsprings(螺旋弹簧)withhigheryieldlimit(屈服极限)requirements?

参考答案:

65

Whenplasticdeformationoccurstometalunderexternalforce,whichofthefollowinglawscanbeappliedtojudgethemaximumdirectionofdeformation:

参考答案:

Lawofminimumresistance

Whichofthefollowingdoeshigh-speedsteel（高速钢）belongto?

参考答案:

Highcarbonhighalloysteel

Whichofthefollowinglawscanbeusedtoestimatetheblankvolume:

参考答案:

Lawofinvarianceofvolume

Whichofthefollowingshouldbeusedtomanufactureboltsthatrequiregoodcomprehensivemechanicalpropertiesoftheentiresection?

参考答案:

40Crsteeltemperingtreated

Whichofthefollowingshouldbeusedtomanufacturehandsawblades(手工锯条)

参考答案:

T12steelquenched+lowtemperaturetempered

Whichofthefollowingshrinkagestagesonlycauseschangesintheexternaldimensionsofthecasting?

参考答案:

Solidshrinkage

Whichofthefollowingsolidificationmethodsmakesthefillingabilityofthealloystrong,soastopreventshrinkagecavityandporosity?

参考答案:

Layerbylayersolidification

Whichofthefollowingsteelscanbeusedassprings(弹簧)?

参考答案:

60Si2Mn

WhichofthefollowingtypesofsteeldoesT8Asteelbelongto?

参考答案:

high-gradehighqualitysteel

Whiteiron,highcarbonsteelandsomealloysteelsareeasytobeproduced

(

)inthecastingprocess.

参考答案:

Coldcrack

Whose

massfraction(质量分数)isthemainindex(主要指标)forevaluating(评定)steelquality(质量)?

参考答案:

S

Withtheincreaseofcarboncontent,thecrystallizationtemperaturerangeofhypoeutecticcastirondecreasesanditsfluidityincreases.

参考答案:

对

α-Fe是具有（

）晶格的铁。

参考答案:

体心立方

一个液相和一个固相反应,生成一个固相的过程称为

参考答案:

包晶反应

下列四种情况，发生相变的应是（）。

参考答案:

由A体变为P体

与粗晶粒金属相比，细晶粒金属的（）。

参考答案:

强度、韧性均好

两组元在液态下完全互溶,但在固态下有限互溶,并发生包晶反应时所构成的相图称为

参考答案:

包晶相图

两组元在液态下完全互溶,但在固态下有限互溶或不溶,并发生共晶反应时所构成的相图称为

参考答案:

共晶相图

两组元在液态和固态都能无限互溶,冷却时由液相结晶出单相固溶体的过程称为

参考答案:

匀晶转变

亚晶界的结构

参考答案:

由位错垂直排列而成

低碳钢拉伸时的断裂为（

）。

参考答案:

微孔聚集型断裂###韧性断裂

低碳钢被拉伸而产生的断裂是什么断裂形式。

参考答案:

韧性断裂

低碳钢被拉伸而断裂时承受的工程应力小于材料的屈服强度。

参考答案:

错

体心立方晶格有（

）个顶点。

参考答案:

8

体心立方晶格金属的塑性比面心立方晶格金属差，主要由于两者的（）。

参考答案:

每个滑移面上的滑移方向数不同

再结晶过程是形核和核长大过程，所以再结晶过程也是相变过程。

参考答案:

错

再结晶过程是相变过程。

参考答案:

错

冷变形时，随着变形量的增大，金属中的位错密度（）

参考答案:

提高

冷变形是在（）进行的塑性变形。

参考答案:

再结晶温度以下

减小或增大位错密度,都可以提高金属的强度。

参考答案:

对

加工硬化在一定程度上提高零件在使用过程中的安全性。

参考答案:

对

加工硬化现象的最主要原因是（）

参考答案:

位错密度提高

单晶体有固定的熔点，性能呈各向异性。

参考答案:

对

反映金属原子排列规律最小的单元是（

）。

参考答案:

晶胞

变形金属再加热时发生的再结晶过程是一个新晶粒代替旧晶粒的过程，这种新晶粒的晶型（）

参考答案:

与再结晶前的金属相同

变形金属再结晶后（）。

参考答案:

形成等轴晶，塑性升高

变形金属在加热发生回复时，其组织和力学性能都将恢复到变形前的状态。

参考答案:

错

只可能发生韧性断裂的金属材料，设计时只需按材料的屈服强度计算其承载能力。

参考答案:

对

在室温下,金属的晶粒越细,其强度越高,