湖北工业2004 2008试卷2007综合英语

二○○七年招收硕士学位研究生试卷

试卷代号 693 试卷名称 综合英语

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②考生请注意：答题一律做在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律无效。

PartIStructureandVocabulary.(30%)

Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked(A)(B)(C)and

Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.

Fortunately, singlenationhastohavethetaskoflearningallweneedtoknowabouttheocean.

(A)no (B)not (C)none (D)never

Leecontributedfiftydollars,buthewisheshecouldcontribute .

oneotherfiftydollars (B)thesameamountalso

(C)anotherfifty (D)morefiftydollars

Whenapplyingforgovernmentgrantsandloans, anincrediblenumberofforms.

whichonecanfillout (B)therearetofillout

(C)theyarefillingout (D)onemustfillout

Childlesscouplessometimesacquire petstowhomtheycangiveparentallove.

baby-sized (B)sizelikeababy

(C)baby’ssize (D)sizeofababy

“ toyoulikethat?”

Howdaredhespoke (B)Howdarehespeaks

(C)Howdareshetospeak (D)Howdarehespeak

Thefarmerhadtowearheavybootsinthewinterbecausethefieldsweresowetand

.

earthy (B)soiled

(C)greasy (D)muddy

Corruptionintherunningofthecity’slargestbankwas inthelocalnewspaper.

discovered (B)detected

(C)exposed (D)commented

Wearen’tverybusyintheshopatthemoment–infactwe’requite .

contrary (B)slack

(C)free (D)opposite

Eventhoughthefootballmatchwasnotveryexciting,the managedtomakeit

soundinteresting.

commentator (B)newscaster

(C)announcer (D)narrator

Aconsiderableamountoftimeandmoneyhasbeeninvestedin thislatestvideorecorder.

effecting (B)affecting

(C)injecting (D)perfecting

Thegirlwashitontheheadbyapieceofironandwasknocked .

unconscious (B)subconscious

(C)mindless (D)brainless

Mr.Johnsonis inhiswork.

sufficient (B)efficient

(C)deficient (D)proficient

Theschoolwasclosedforamonthbecauseofaserious offever.

outcome (B)outburst

(C)outset (D)outbreak

Ifyoudrivefromtheairport,goonthemotorwayandfollowthe tothecity.

points (B)signs

(C)plans (D)ways

Ifwedonottakestepstoprotecttheworld’swildlife,manyspeciesofbirdsandanimalsarelikelyto completely.

dieout (B)diedown

(C)dieaway (D)diefrom

Shortlyafterreceivinghergoldmedal,theOlympicchampionansweredquestionsatapress

.

discussion (B)assembly

(C)seminar (D)conference

Hisauthorityand makehimanexcellentleader.

self-consciousness (B)self-confidence

(C)self-regard (D)self-satisfaction

Therewasa(n) oftenminutesbetweenthetwoactsoftheplay.

stop (B)break

(C)interval (D)interruption

HeisconsideredtobeanoutstandingartistsbutIconsiderhisworktobequite .

mediocre (B)medium

(C)moderate (D)intermediate

Thesefiguresgiveyousomeideaofthecostof yourcarforoneyear.

controlling (B)handling

(C)managing (D)maintaining

Problemslikethis ,eveninawell-runfactory.

arise (B)arouse

(C)raise (D)rise

I’mnowgoingtoacomposition “TheRustleofSpring”.

labelled (B)designated

(C)entitled (D)nicknamed

Thatterriblenoiseis memad.

driving (B)projecting

(C)putting (D)turning

Ihaven’tthe ideawhatyoumean.

lightest (B)dimmest

(C)faintest (D)smallest

Thepaintinghasbeen toLeonardodaVinci,butitisalmostcertainlytheworkofoneofhisfollowers.

accounted (B)attributed

(C)claimed (D)referred

Well-manneredchildrenhaveusuallybeenproperly bytheirparents.

raisedup (B)broughtup

(C)gotup (D)putup

Itisimpossibleto thesepointsofview:theyaretoodifferent.

unite (B)reconcile

(C)coincide (D)compromise

Becausehehatesdishonestyheis onhischildrenwhentheytelllies.

heavy (B)strong

(C)hard (D)strict

Themetalrodslowly asitgrewcooler.

reduced (B)retreated

(C)decreased (D)contracted

Thisis themostdifficultjobIhaveevertackled.

byrights (B)byallmeans

(C)bytheway (D)byfar

PartIIShortAnswerQuestions(20%)

Readthroughthepassageandanswerthequestionsinlessthan10wordsintheANSWERSHEET.

Would-belanguageteacherseverywherehaveonethingincommon:theyallwantsomerecognitionoftheirprofessionalstatusandskills,andajob.Theformerrequirementisobviouslyimportantonapersonallevel,butitisvitalifyouaretohaveanychanceoffindingwork.

Tenyearsago,thesituationwasverydifferent.Invirtuallyeverydevelopingcountry,andinmanydevelopedcountriesaswell,beinganativeEnglishspeakerwasenoughtogetyouemployedasanEnglishteacher.

Nowemployerswillonlylookatteacherswhohavetheknowledge,theskillsandattitudestoteachEnglisheffectively.Theresultofthishasbeentoraisenon-nativeEnglishteacherstothesamestatusastheirnativecounterparts—somethingtheyhavealwaysdeservedbutseldomenjoyed.Non-nativesarenowhappy—linguisticdiscriminationisathingofthepast.

Anongoingresearchproject,fundedbytheUniversityofCambridge,askedasampleofteachers,teachereducatorsandemployersinmorethan40countrieswhethertheyregardthenative/non-nativespeakersdistinctionasbeingatallimportant.“NO”wastheanswer.AslongascandidatescouldteachandhadtherequiredlevelofEnglish,itdidn’tmatterwhotheywereandwheretheycamefrom.Thus,anewformofdiscrimination—thistimejustifiedbecauseitsingledouttheunqualified—liberatedthelinguisticallyoppressed.ButtheCambridgeprojectdidmorethanjustthat:itconfirmedthattheneedsofnativeandnon-nativeteachersareextremelysimilar.

Questions:

TheselectionofEnglishteachersusedtobemainlybasedon .

.

Whatdidnon-nativeEnglishteachersdeservebutseldomenjoy?

.

WhatkindofpeoplecannowfindajobasanEnglishteacher?

.

Whatistheresultofthe“newformofdiscrimination”(Line5,Para.4)?

.

Thephrase“thelinguisticallyoppressed”(Line6,Para.4)referstothosewhowere .

.

PartIIICloze(20%)

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourchoiceslabelled(A)

(B)(C)and(D).ChoosethebestoneandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.

Thetaskofbeingacceptedandenrolledinauniversitybeginsearlyforsomestudents.Long

36_theygraduatefromhighschool.TheseStudentstakespecial37toprepareforadvancedstudy.Theymayalsotakeoneofmoreexaminationsthattesthow38_preparedtheyarefortheuniversity.Inthefinalyearofhighschool,they39applicationsandsendthem,withtheirstudentrecords,totheuniversitieswhichtheyhopeto40.Somehighschoolstudentsmaybe41tohaveaninterviewwithrepresentativesoftheuniversity.Neatly,42andusuallyveryfrightened,theyare43toshowthathaveagoodattitudeandthe44tosucceed.

Whenthenewstudentsarefinally45,theremaybeonemoresteptheyhaveto46

beforeregisteringforclassesand47towork.Manycollegesanduniversities48anorientationprogramfornewstudents.49_theseprograms,theyoungpeoplegettoknowthe50_forregistrationandstudentadvising,universityrules,the51ofthelibraryandalltheother52servicesofthecollegeoruniversity.

Beginninganewlifeinanewplacecanbevery53.Themoreknowledgestudentshave54_theschool,theeasieritwillbeforthemto55tothenewenvironment.However,it

takestimetogetusedtocollegelife.

36.

A)

as

B)

after

C)

since

D)

before

37.

A)

courses

B)

disciplines

C)

majors

D)

subjects

38.

A)

deeply

B)

widely

C)

well

D)

much

39.

A)

fulfill

B)

finish

C)

complete

D)

accomplish

40.

A)

attend

B)

participate

C)

study

D)

belong

41.

A)

acquired

B)

considered

C)

ordered

D)

required

42.

A)

decorated

B)

dressed

C)

coated

D)

worn

43.

A)

decided

B)

intended

C)

settled

D)

determined

44.

A)

power

B)

ability

C)

possibility

D)

quality

45.

A)

adopted

B)

accepted

C)

received

D)

permitted

46.

A)

make

B)

undergo

C)

take

D)

pass

47.

A)

getting

B)

putting

C)

falling

D)

sitting

48.

A)

offer

B)

afford

C)

grant

D)

supply

49.

A)

For

B)

Among

C)

In

D)

On

50.

A)

processes

B)

procedures

C)

projects

D)

provisions

51.

A)

application

B)

usage

C)

use

D)

utility

52.

A)

major

B)

prominent

C)

key

D)

great

53.

A)

amusing

B)

misleading

C)

alarming

D)

confusing

54.

A)

before

B)

about

C)

on

D)

at

55.

A)

fit

B)

suit

C)

yield

D)

adapt

PartIVReadingComprehension(40%)

Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestionfouranswersaregiven.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestion.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.

PassageOne

Longafterthe1998WorldCupwaswon,disappointedfanswerestillcursingthedisputedrefereeingdecisionsthatdeniedvictorytotheirteam.Aresearcherwasappointedtostudytheperformanceofsometopreferees.

Theresearcherorganizedanexperimentaltournamentinvolvingfouryouthteams.Eachmatchlastedanhour,dividedintothreeperiodsof20minutesduringwhichdifferentrefereeswerein

charge.

Observersnoteddownthereferees’errors,ofwhichtherewere61overthetournament.Convertedtoastandardmatchof90minutes,eachrefereemadealmost23mistakes,aremarkablyhighnumber.

Theresearchersthenstudiedthevideotapestoanalyzethematchesindetail.Surprisingly,hefoundthaterrorsweremorelikelywhentherefereeswereclosetotheincident.Whentheofficialsgotitright,theywere,onaverage,17metersawayfromtheaction.Theaveragedistanceinthecaseoferrorswas12meters.Theresearchshowstheoptimumdistanceisabout20meters.

Therealsoseemedtobeanoptimumspeed.Correctdecisionscamewhentherefereesweremovingataspeedofabout2meterspersecond.Theaveragespeedforerrorswas4meterspersecond.

IfFIFA,football’sinternationalrulingbody,wantstoimprovethestandardofrefereeingatthenextWorldCup,itshouldencouragerefereestokeeptheireyesontheactionfromadistance,ratherthanrushingtokeepupwiththeball,theresearcherargues.

HealsosaysthatFIFA’sinsistencethatrefereesshouldretireatage45maybemisguided.Ifkeepingupwiththeactionisnotsoimportant,theirphysicalconditionislesscritical.

Theexperimentconductedbytheresearcherwasmeantto .

reviewthedecisionsofrefereesatthe1998WorldCup

analyzethecausesoferrorsmadebyfootballreferees

setastandardforfootballrefereeing

reexaminetherulesforfootballreferees

Thenumberofrefereeingerrorsintheexperimentalmatcheswas .

slightlyaboveaverage B)quiteunexpected

C)higherthaninthe1998WorldCup D)ashighasinastandardmatch

Thefindingsoftheexperimentshowthat .

errorsaremorelikelywhenarefereekeepsclosetotheball

thefarthertherefereeisfromtheincident,thefewertheerrors

themoreslowlytherefereeruns,themorelikelywillerrorsoccur

errorsarelesslikelywhenarefereestaysinonespot

Theword“official”(Line3,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto .

theresearchersinvolvedintheexperiment

therefereesofthefootballtournament

theinspectorsofthefootballtournament

theobserversatthesiteoftheexperiment

Whatisoneofthepossibleconclusionsoftheexperiment?

Theidealretirementageforanexperiencedfootballrefereeis45.

Ageshouldnotbethechiefconsiderationinchoosingafootballreferee.

Afootballrefereeshouldbeasyoungandenergeticaspossible.

Anexperiencedfootballrefereecandowellevenwheninpoorphysicalcondition.

PassageTwo

Whilestillinitsearlystages,welfarereformhasalreadybeenjudgedagreatsuccessinmanystates—atleastingettingpeopleoffwelfare.It’sestimatedthatmorethan2millionpeoplehavelefttherollssince1994.

Inthepastfouryears,welfarerollsinAthensCountyhavebeencutinhalf.But70percentofthepeoplewholeftinthepasttwoyearstookjobsthatpaidlessthan＄6anhour.Theresult:TheAthensCountypovertyratestillremainsatmorethan30percent—twicethenationalaverage.

Foradvocatesforthepoor,that’sanindicationmuchmoreneedstobedone.

“Morepeoplearegettingjobs,butit’snotmakingtheirlivesanybetter,”saysKathyLairn,apolicyanalystattheCenteronBudgetandPolicyPrioritiesinWashington.

AcenteranalysisofUSCensusdatanationwidefoundthatbetween1995and1996,agreaterpercentageofsingle,female-headedhouseholdswereearningmoneyontheirown,butthataverageincomeforthesehouseholdsactuallywentdown.

Butformany,thefactthatpoorpeopleareabletosupportthemselvesalmostaswellwithoutgovernmentaidastheydidwithitisinitselfahugevictory.

“Welfarewasapoison.Itwasatoxinthatwaspoisoningthefamily,”saysRobertRector,awelfare-reformpolicyanalyst.“Thereformischangingthemoralclimateinlow-incomecommunities.It’sbeginningtorebuildtheworkethic,whichismuchmoreimportant.”

Mr.Rectorandothersarguedthatonce“thehabitofdependencyiscracked,”thenthecountrycanmakeotherpolicychangesaimedatimprovinglivingstandards.

Fromthepassage,itcanbeseenthattheauthor .

believesthereformhasreducedthegovernment’sburden

insiststhatwelfarereformisdoinglittlegoodforthepoor

isoverenthusiasticaboutthesuccessofwelfarereform

considerswelfarereformtobefundamentallysuccessful

Whyaren’tpeopleenjoyingbetterliveswhentheyhavejobs?

Becausemanyfamiliesaredivorced. B)Becausetheirwagesarelow.

C)Becausegovernmentaidisnowrare. D)Becausethecostoflivingisrising

WhatisworthnotingfromtheexampleofAthensCountyisthat .

greatereffortsshouldbemadetoimprovepeople’slivingstandards

70percentofthepeopletherehavebeenemployedfortwoyears

50percentofthepopulationnolongerreliesonwelfare

thelivingstandardsofmostpeoplearegoingdown

Fromthepassageweknowthatwelfarereformaimsat .

savingwelfarefunds B)providingmorejobs

C)rebuildingtheworkethic D)cuttinggovernmentexpenses

Accordingtothepassage,beforethewelfarereformwascarriedout, .

thepovertyratewaslower B)theaverageworkerwaspaidhigherwages

C)averagelivingstandardswerehigher D)thepoorusedtorelyongovernmentaid

PassageThree

Americansareproudoftheirvarietyandindividuality,yettheyloveandrespectfewthingsmorethanauniform,whetheritistheuniformofanelevatoroperatorortheuniformofafive-stargeneral.WhyareuniformssopopularintheUnitedStates?

Amongtheargumentsforuniforms,oneofthefirstisthatintheeyesofmostpeopletheylookmoreprofessionalthancivilianclothes.Peoplehavebecomeconditionedtoexpectsuperiorqualityfromamanwhowearsauniform.Thetelevisionrepairmanwhowearsauniformtendstoinspiremoretrustthanonewhoappearsincivilianclothes.Faithintheskillofagaragemechanicisincreasedbyauniform.Whateasierwayisthereforanurse,apoliceman,abarber,orawaitertoloseprofessionalidentitythantostepoutofuniform?

Uniformsalsohavemanypracticalbenefits.Theysaveonotherclothes.Theysaveonlaundrybills.Theyaretax-deductible.Theyareoftenmorecomfortableandmoredurablethancivilianclothes.

Primaryamongtheargumentsagainstuniformsistheirlackofvarietyandtheconsequentlossofindividualityexperiencedbypeoplewhomustwearthem.Thoughtherearemanytypesofuniforms,thewearerofanyparticulartypeisgenerallystuckwithit,withoutchange,untilretirement.Whenpeoplelookalike,theytendtothink,speak,andactsimilarly,onthejobatleast.

Uniformsalsogiverisetosomepracticalproblems.Thoughtheyarelong-lasting,oftentheirinitialexpenseisgreaterthanthecostofcivilianclothes.Someuniformsarealsoexpensivetomaintain,requiringprofessionaldrycleaningratherthanthehomelaunderingpossiblewithmanytypesofcivilianclothes.

ItissurprisingthatAmericanswhoworshipvarietyandindividuality .

stilljudgeamanbyhisclothes

holdtheuniforminsuchhighregard

enjoyhavingaprofessionalidentity

willrespectanelevatoroperatorasmuchasageneralinuniform

Peopleareaccustomedtothinkthatamaninuniform .

suggestsqualitywork B)appearstobemorepractical

C)discardshissocialidentity D)lookssuperiortoapersonincivilianclothes

Thechieffunctionofauniformisto .

providepracticalbenefitstothewearer

makethewearercatchthepubliceye

inspirethewearer’sconfidenceinhimself

providethewearerwithaprofessionalidentity

Accordingtothepassage,peoplewearinguniforms .

areusuallyhelpful

havelittleornoindividualfreedom

tendtolosetheirindividuality

enjoygreaterpopularity

Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe .

UniformsandSociety

TheImportanceofWearingaUniform

PracticalbenefitsofWearingaUniform

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUniforms

PassageFour

Sincewearesocialbeings,thequalityofourlivesdependsinlargemeasureonourinterpersonalrelationships.Onestrengthofthehumanconditionisourtendencytogiveandreceivesupportfromoneanotherunderstressfulcircumstances.Socialsupportconsistsoftheexchangeofresourcesamongpeoplebasedontheirinterpersonalties.Thoseofuswithstrongsupportsystemsappearbetterabletocopewithmajorlifechangesanddailyhassles.Peoplewithstrongsocialtieslivelongerandhavebetterhealththanthosewithoutsuchties.Studiesoverarangeofillnesses,fromdepressiontoheartdisease,revealthatthepresenceofsocialsupporthelpspeoplefendoffillness,andtheabsenceofsuchsupportmakespoorhealthmorelikely.

Socialsupportcushionsstressinanumberofways.First,friends,relatives,andco-workersmayletusknowthattheyvalueus.Ourself-respectisstrengthenedwhenwefeelaccepted