高中英语：高中非谓语市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件

非谓语动词

主讲：曹群丹徒区教育局教研室审稿：杨志平镇江市教育局教研室王明霞镇江市教育局教研室

1/77学好非谓语动词对于了解阅读材料中结构比较复杂长句，对于写作得高分非常有用。

不定式动名词分词非谓语动词

分类2/77动词不定式无人称和数改变,但有时态和语态改变。不定式3/77时态\语态主动语态被动语态普通式towritetobewritten进行式tobewriting

完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成进行式tohavebeenwriting

4/771.作主语侧重于动作详细性和未来性Toplaybasketball

isagreatpleasure.但为使句子平衡,惯用it代它作主语,把它移到句子后部去.Itisagreatpleasuretoplaybasketball.

(二)、不定式句法功效主语 宾语表语定语状语5/772.作宾语A.跟不定式作宾语常见动词:（１）hope,want,expect,wish,desire,like,love,dislike,hate,plan,intend,mean,prepare,decide,determine,afford,fail,manage,try、dare,help,promise、refuse、learn、offer、agree、forget,bother.6/77B.常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语动词:tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…tellsbwhattodo…7/773.作表语A.表示按计划和安排将要发生事情。

HeistomarryRose.B.表示主语内容，但侧重于目标性。Herwishwastobecomeanartist.C.表示情态意义(应该,必须)。Theformistobefilledinandreturnedwithinaweek.Sheistoblame.8/774.不定式作定语A.普通表示将发生情况，放在名词后。CharlesLindberghisthefirstman

toflytheAtlanticalone.(主谓关系)Shehasagoodchance

togotocollege.(同位关系)Hehasgotlotsofquestions

toask.(动宾关系)9/77注意:1.如不定式与它所修饰词有动宾关系,而这个不定式又是不及物动词,它后面应有必要介词。Thereisnothing

toworryabout.2.不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作所发生地点或所使用工具时,它后面要带上必要介词。Ineedapen

towritewith.Heislookingforaroom

tolivein.10/775.不定式作宾语补足语跟不定式作宾语补足语动词A.let,have,make,get等表使役动词Theymade

us

gowiththem.注意:Let/have/make

sb.do;get

sb.to

doTheygot

us

togowiththem.B.ask,tell,request,order等表要求,命令动词Thechairmanrequested

themembers

tobesilent.11/77C.allow,permit,forbid等表许可或禁止动词

Theguardforbade

me

toenter.D.wish,want,expect,intend等表希望动词(hope无此使用方法)Manyparentsexpect

theirchildren

tostudyabroad.E.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel等表感官动词Inoticedtearscomeintohiseyes.Weoftenhearhersingthesongathome.注:感官动词后不定式均不带to

12/77F.其它动词advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind…Pleaseremind

me

totaketheraincoat.13/776.不定式作状语1)不定式作目标状语Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.强调作目标状语不定式,惯用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to短语.前者可放在句首,也可放在句中;后者只能放在句中。14/772).不定式作结果状语作结果状语不定式惯用于一些固定搭配中。如:too…to,enoughto，sufficientto，onlyto，neverto，so+形容词/副词+asto,such+名词+astodo引导。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.15/77Practice1(09江苏,26）SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,______reduceunemploymentpressures.A.helpB.helpedC.tohelpD.havinghelpedC高考点击16/772(09全国Ⅰ)Thechildrenallturned_______thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.A.lookedat B.tolookatC.tolookingat D.lookatB3(09山东，22)Weareinvitedtoaparty______inourclubnextFriday.A.tobeheldB.heldC.beingheldD.holdingA17/774(09辽宁，27)______,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.A.BeingawinnerB.TobeawinnerC.BeawinnerD.Havingbeenawinner5.(09安徽，28)Theplay______nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproducedBC18/77时态\语态主动语态被动语态普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone(一).动名词语法形式动名词无人称和数改变,但有时态和语态改变.二、动名词19/77(二)、动名词句法功效含有名词特征,可充当成份:主语 宾语表语定语20/771.动名词作主语Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.动名词作主语,也可用it作形式主语.但只限于下面句型:21/771）动名词在“Itisnouse/nogood/fun/awasteoftime/agoodpleasure等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。比如：

Itisnogood

writingtohim;heneveranswersletters.

Itisnouse

talkingtoomuch.

22/772）动名词在“Itisuseless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile等形容词+doing”结构中作主语。比如：

Itisnice

playingchessaftersupper.

3）动名词在“Thereis(was)no+doing”结构中作主语。比如：

Thereisno

denyingthatsheisveryefficient.

23/772.动名词作表语动名词作表语起名词作用,表示主语内容,这时动名词和主语位置是能够交换。Thenurse'sjobis

lookingafterthepatients.=Lookingafterthepatientsis

thenurse'sjob.FourskillsofEnglishlearningare

listening,speaking,readingandwriting.=listening,speaking,readingandwritingarefourskillsofEnglishlearning.注:动名词和不定式都能够作主语或表语,没有太大区分。在表示经常习惯性动作多用动名词;在表示详细某次动作,尤其是未来动作时,多用不定式。24/773.动名词作定语动名词作定语时，动名词和它所修饰词没有逻辑上主谓关系.。表示名词用途。

aracingcar=acarthatisusedtoraceaswimmingpool=apoolthatisusedtoswimin单个动名词作定语,放在被修饰词前;动名词短语作定语,放在被修饰词语后;Doyouknowthesleepingcaronshow?Theboysittingunderthetreeisreading.25/774.动名词作宾语1）动名词作动词宾语①以下动词后只能接动名词：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Ican’timagine

marryingagirlofthatsort.Irecommend

buyingthedictionary.Willyouadmit

havingbrokenthewindow?

26/77②有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这么用动词短语有：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,stickto,beworth,can’tstand,can’thelp.27/772）动名词作介词宾语注意:介词后假如需要非谓语动词作宾语,只能是动名词,不可用不定式。Areyougoodat

playingfootball?其它介词不易错,重点是介词to.因为不定式符号也是to,所以一定要记住相关短语。

lookforwardto,devote…to,getusedto,payattentionto,stickto,onone’swayto…这些短语中to都是介词。Iamusedto

watchingTVintheevening.28/771.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having高考点击Practice29/773.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost返回30/77三、分词现在分词与过去分词.充当成份:宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语.31/77（一）现在分词32/77(1).现在分词现在分词无人称和数改变,但有时态和语态改变.其时态和语态改变形式与动名词相同.时态\语态主动语态被动语态普通式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone33/77(2)、现在分词句法功效含有形容词和副词特征,可充当成份:表语定语,宾语补足语,状语34/771.现在分词作表语现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语特征及主语所具备动作功效。常译为”使(令)…怎样。”如:Thenewsisverydisappointing.Hisstoryisverymoving.(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)35/772.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语,表示主动意义,它与所修饰名词组成主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句。它从以下两方面来说明中心词。

A.表示动作正在进行

Don’twakeupthe

sleeping

boy.=Don’twakeuptheboy

whoissleepingIdon’tknowtheman

writingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowtheman

whoiswritingsomethingoverthere.36/773.现在分词作宾语补足语用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作执行者，形成逻辑上主谓关系；A.作感官动词宾补,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在进行意义Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.37/774.现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随或方式等状语。B.作使役动词宾补,如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示”使…进行/处于(某种状态)”,强调动作或状态连续性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?38/771)作时间状语,能够表示三个时间概念A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“assoonas”引导时间状语从句Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…=Onhearingthegoodnews,he…

39/77B.谓语动词动作发生在分词动作过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while引导时间状语从句。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

Iwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=When/While

walkinginthestreet,Icameacross…40/77

C.假如分词动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.Havingwrittenhiscomposition,hebegantodohisMathshomework.2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as引导原因状语从句。41/77A.和谓语动词动作同时发生Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…42/77B.假如分词动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.3)作条件状语,相当于由if引导条件状语从句

(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfind…

43/774)作让步状语,相当于由although/though引导让步状语从句Although/Though

gettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegotupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.44/775)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接两个并列动作。Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.注意:只有现在分词普通式才可作伴随状语,且常放于主句后。45/776)作结果状语,现在分词动作同谓语动词动作几乎同时发生。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.

现在分词不论作何种状语,它逻辑主语必须是句子主语,句子主语可能是分词动作执行者,句子主语也可能是分词动作承受者。46/77但在一些表示说话者态度固定表示方式中,分词短语逻辑主语和句子主语是不一致。这种结构常见有:1)generally/strickly/+speaking2)Judgingfrom…/talkingof…/allowingfor..3)Consideringthat…/seeingthat…/supposingthat…47/77注意：现在分词作状语几个特征。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用普通时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子主语之间关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。③人称一致性。分词逻辑主语就是句子主语。48/771.______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted（原因状语）

高考点击Practice49/772．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.（时间或伴随状语）A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.（结果状语）A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused50/774．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.（原因状语）A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．HavingbeenseparatedD．Tobeseparated51/77（二）过去分词52/77(1).过去分词语法形式过去分词无人称和数改变,也没有时态和语态改变。(done)(2)、过去分词句法功效含有形容词和副词特征,可充当成份:表语定语,宾语补足语,状语53/771.过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,相当于一个形容词,说明主语状态。如，Heisgone.Theglassisbroken.Hewaslostinthought.Theyweredeeplymoved.54/77

注意:被动结构与系表结构区分这两种结构形式都是be+过去分词。这两种结构主要区分是:被动语态强调所发生动作,而系表结构表示是主语特点或状态。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlebrother.(被动结构)Thecupisbroken.(系表结构)55/772.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语,它逻辑主语就是它所修饰词,有以下三个特点:A.及物动词过去分词作定语和它逻辑主语关系是被动。所表示时间概念是完成。

Thebuildingbuiltlastyearcanhold1,000people=Thebuildingthatwasbuiltlastyearcan…56/77B.不及物动词过去分词作定语只表示动作完成。与它所修饰名词没有被动关系。fallenleaves=leavesthathavefallen

aretiredworker=aworkerwhohasretiredtherisensun=thesunthathasrisen

57/77C.有些表示心理活动过去分词作定语,表面是修饰它后面名词,但实质是说明当事者心理状态。所以过去分词与它所修饰名词没有被动关系。Thesurprised

lookshowedthathehadn’texpectedthis.=(Hewassurprisedandhislookshowedhissurprise)58/77Thefather’sloudvoicemadeafrightenedlookappearonhisdaughter’sface.(Thefather’sdaughterwasfrightenedandherfaceshowedherfright.)59/773.过去分词作宾补过去分词作宾补,过去分词和宾语关系是被动关系,说明宾语状态,表示动作完成。惯用来作感官动词,如:see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…和使役动词如:have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…宾补60/77WhenIwalkedhome,Isawamancaughtbythepolice.Assoonashereturnedhome,hefoundhishousebrokeninto.Hekepthimselfcoveredwithablanket.61/774.过去分词作状语过去分词可在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步,方式或伴随情况等状语。过去分词不论作何种状语,它逻辑主语必须是句子主语,而且存在着逻辑上被动关系.62/771)做时间或条件状语,通常放在句首。Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksevenmorebeautiful.=Ifthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…=Whenthetownisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetown…63/772)作原因状语Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.=As/Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythestory,thechildren….3)作让步状语Seriouslywounded,hestillkeptonfighting.=Although/Thoughhewasseriouslywounded,hestillkept….64/774)作方式或伴随情况状语Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.=Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Hesatthere,lostinthought.=Hesatthere,andwaslostinthought.65/77

_______moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.（条件状语）

A.Given

B.Togive

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven.2.Thefirsttextbooks________forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury（定语）

A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten

C.beingwritten

D.writtenPractice高考点击66/773..________inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.（原因）

A.Losing

B.Havinglost

C.Lost

D.Tolose

4.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（条件）

begins

B.havingbegunC.beginning

D.begun

67/77