高中英语人教版一轮学案必修2Unit3Computers

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit3puters主题:人与社会子话题:科学与技术对应教材:必修2Unit3puters;必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture;选修7Unit2Robots;选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions重点单词·巧记Ⅰ.核心单词1.calculate vt.计算2.sum n.总数;算术题;金额3.technology n.工艺;科技;技术4.solve vt.解决;解答5.reality n.真实;事实;现实6.mobile adj.可移动的;机动的7.anyhow adv.(也作anyway)无论如何;即使如此8.goal n.目标;目的;球门;(进球)得分9.happiness n.幸福;快乐10.signal vi.&vt.发信号,信号11.download vt.Ⅱ.拓展单词1.operatorn.(电脑)操作员;接线员→operatev.操作;经营→operationn.操作;经营2.simplifyvt.简化→simpleadj.简单的3.logicaladj.合逻辑的;合情理的→logicallyadv.逻辑上;合逻辑地;有条理地4.intelligentadj.智能的;聪明的→intelligencen.智力;聪明;智能5.totaladj.总的;整个的n.总数;合计vt.共计;总计;把……加起来→totallyadv.完全地;整个地6.personaladj.私人的;个人的;亲自的→personallyadv.就个人而言;亲自→personalityn.个性;性格;名人7.applicationn.应用;用途;申请→applyv.应用;涉及;申请→applicantn.申请人;求职者核心短语·闪记1.from...on 从……时起2.inaway 在某种程度上

3.withthehelpof... 在……的帮助下

4.dealwith 处理;安排;对付;应付

5.watchover 看守;监视;照管

6.provide...with... 给……提供……7.have...inmon 有……共同之处

8.share...with... 与……分享……9.asaresult 结果

10.makeup 弥补;编造;打扮;构成

经典句式·速记1.【句型公式】:before引导的状语从句IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuilt(差不多用了两百年我才被制成)asananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.

2.【句型公式】:as引导状语从句Astimewentby(随着时间的流逝),Iwasmadesmaller.

3.【句型公式】:so/such...that...引导结果状语从句Andmymemorybecamesolargethat(如此庞大以至于)evenIcouldn’tbelieveit!

1.all相关短语荟萃①afterall毕竟②inall 总共;总计③aboveall 首先;最重要的是④firstofall 首先2.以“ify”结尾的动词荟萃①simplify 简化②beautify 美化③purify 净化④identify 鉴定;识别出⑤classify 分类Ⅰ.细品味经典文章Scienceandtechnologyplaysanimportantroleinpeople’sdailylife.Ifyouparethelifeofpeopletodaywiththatinthepast,itiseasytoseethatscienceandtechnologyhavedoneagreatdealtoimprovethequalityofpeople’slife.Forexample,putershavebeeourgoodfriends:withthehelpofputers,peopleallovertheworldareabletosharewhateverinformationonthenet,whichshortensthedistancebetweenthem.WiththeinventionofradioandTV,peoplenowcanstayathometogetthemselvesinformedaboutbothdomesticandinternationalnews.Butasacoinhastwosides,technologycanalsohaveannegativeinfluenceuponpeople’slife.Nowtechnologycrimesareverymon.What’smore,thenuclearbombthreatensourhumanexistence.SoIthinkwemustpayenoughattentiontothemisuseoftechnology.Inspiteofitsdisadvantages,weshouldadmitthattechnologyisveryuseful.Withoutscienceandtechnology,man’slifewouldnotbeasconvenientastoday.Ⅱ.按要求完成任务1.写出文章中表示“任何事情都有两面性”的句子。Acoinhastwosides.

2.你认为科技的弊端是什么?Technologycrimesareverymon.What’smore,thenuclearbombthreatensourhumanexistence.

Ⅰ.重点词汇1.solvevt.解决;解答【教材原句】In1936myrealfather,AlanTuring,wroteabookabouthowIcouldbemadetoworkasa“universalmachine”tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblem.(P18)1936年,我的生父艾伦·图灵(ALANTURING)写了一本书,讲述如何让我像一台万能机器一样工作,解决任何困难的数学问题。【词块必记】(1)solveproblems解决问题(2)solution n.解决办法;处理手段a/thesolutiontosth. ……的解决方法【语境速测】单句语法填空①Solving(solve)thesafetyproblemwellenoughtomoveforwardinAIseemstobepossiblebutnoteasy.②Withmostoftheproblemssolved(solve),Ifeltagreatweighttakenoffmymind.③Itmaytakealongtimetofindasolution(solve)totheproblem.④Tobehonest,I’matalosshowtosolve(solve)theproblem.

2.signalvi.&vt.发信号n.信号【典型例句】ToWesternerswho’vegrownupwithtrafficsignals,redmeans“stop”andsometimeseven“danger”,whereasinChina,redisthecolorofgoodluck.红色在交通信号灯中的意思是“停止”,在西方人的眼中,红色有时还意味着“危险”,而在中国,红色是代表好运当头的颜色。【词块必记】(1)signal(to)sb.todosth. 示意某人做某事signal(to)sb.that... 示意某人……(2)giveasignal(tosb.) (向某人)发信号【语境速测】单句语法填空①Shesignaledthatshewasabouttoturnleft.②Assoonashesatdownatthetable,hesignaledtothewaitertobringthemenu.句式升级Thebellrang,andsignaledthatschoolwasover.→③Thebellrang,whichsignaledthatschoolwasover.(非限制性定语从句)

→④Thebellrang,signalingthatschoolwasover.(分词作状语)

3.arisevi.(arose,arisen,arising)出现;发生;引起;产生;起身;起床【典型例句】Thenshepreparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises.然后她准备可靠的行动,以应对新情况的出现。【词块必记】(1)arisefrom=ariseoutof由……引起/产生;从……中产生(2)arisefromone’schair/seat从椅子/座位上站起(3)arise为不及物动词,表示“出现,发生”时,主语一般为argument,difficulty,misunderstanding,problem,quarrel,trouble等抽象名词,无被动语态。【语境速测】单句语法填空①Toourgreatsurprise,manyproblemshavearisen(arise)eversincethehostwasreplaced.

句式升级休息时,他开始处理课上出现的问题。(arise)②Atbreak,hegotdowntodealingwiththemattersarisingfromhisclass.(分词作定语)

③Atbreak,hegotdowntodealingwiththematterswhicharosefromhisclass.(定语从句)

Ⅱ.核心短语4.asaresult结果【教材原句】AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.(P18)因此,我彻底改变了我的外形。【词块必记】(1)asaresultof 因为;由于(2)resultin 导致;造成resultfrom 由……造成;起因于【名师点津】(1)asaresult意为“因此,结果”,是介词短语,常作状语。(2)asaresultof意为“由于”,是介词短语,表示原因,只能接名词/代词/动名词及what引导的名词性从句。【语境速测】单句语法填空①Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.②Jennynearlymissedtheflightasaresultofdoingtoomuchshopping.句型转换Hewastoocareless;asaresult,hefailedtheEnglishtest.→③HefailedtheEnglishtestasaresultofcarelessness.

→④HiscarelessnessresultedinhisfailureintheEnglishtest.

→⑤HisfailureintheEnglishtestresultedfromhiscarelessness.

Ⅲ.经典句式5.AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn’tbelieveit!我的存储量变得如此之大,连我自己都不能相信!

【句型公式】so/such...that...引导结果状语从句,意为“如此……以至于……”。(1)so...that...句型的常见形式:so+adj./adv.+that...so+adj.+a/an+n.+that...so+many/much/few/little(少)+n.+that...(2)such...that...句型的常见形式:such+a/an+adj.+n.+that...such+adj.+n.(复数或不可数)+that...(3)当so/such放在句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序。【语境速测】单句语法填空①ShespokesoquietlythatIcouldhardlyhearher.②Hetooksomanyboxeswithhimthathehadtocallataxi.③Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim.④Theyaresuchlittleboysandeatsolittlefoodthatwealllovethemverymuch.句型转换⑤Itwassocoldadaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.→Itwassuchacolddaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.(用such...that...改写)

【备选要点】1.totaladj.总的;整个的n.总数;合计【典型例句】Theclubhasatotalmembershipof300.这家俱乐部的成员总数为300人。【词块必记】(1)intotal=inall 总计;总共(2)totalup=addup=amount 算出总数total(up)to=addupto=amountto 共计达;总额为(3)totally adv.完全地【语境速测】单句语法填空①Thematchwassowonderfulthathewastotally(total)carriedaway.②Iamintotaldisagreementwithyouastothevalueofyourplan.完成句子③Yourbillfortonight’sdinnertotals(up)to/addsupto/amountsto(总计达)288yuan.

2.goaln.目标;目的;球门;(进球)得分【典型例句】Alifewithoutagoalislikeaboatwithoutpaddles,youmove,butyoudon’tknowwhereyouwillbeinthenextminute.没有目标的生活就像没有桨的船,你在移动但不知道下一分钟你会在哪里。【词块必记】setagoalinlife 确定生活目标achieve/realize/reachone’sgoal 实现某人的目标scoreagoal 进球得分【语境速测】单句语法填空①Withagoalinmind,youwillbeamazedathowstimulatedandupliftedyoufeel.②Asuccessfulpersonusuallymakesmanymistakesbeforehisgoalisachieved(achieve).

完成句子③Youshouldsparenoeffortandnevergiveupeasilyuntilyouachieve/realize/reachyourgoal.

你应该不遗余力,决不轻易放弃,直到你实现了目标。3.inaway在某种程度上;从某一角度看【教材原句】Inawayourprogrammerislikeourcoach.(P23)从某种程度上说,我们的程序就像是我们的教练。【词块必记】alltheway 一路上;自始至终;完全bytheway 顺便说一下innoway 一点也不;决不(位于句首时,句子应使用部分倒装)inthisway 用这种方法intheway 挡道;碍事ontheway 在途中【语境速测】用way短语填空①Inaway,theputerplaysamoreandmoreimportantroleinourlifeandwork.

②MrsSmithfindsithardtoclearupthemess,asherchildrenarealwaysinthewaywhenevershetriesto.

③Hedecidedthathewoulddriveallthewayhomeinsteadofputtingupatahotelforthenight.

完成句子④Innowayshouldyouloseheartwhenyouarefacedwithdifficulties.

面对困难时,你决不应该失去信心。4.dealwith处理;安排;对付;应付;论及;涉及;与……打交道;做买卖【教材原句】Thismeansthatitshouldcleanthehouse,mopthefloors,cookthedinneranddealwithtelephonecalls.(P24)这意味着它应该打扫房间,拖地板,做饭和接。【词块必记】(1)dealin 做……生意;经营;买卖(2)makeadeal 达成协议;做成交易It’sadeal. 成交;一言为定。(3)agreat/gooddealof 许多;大量(后接不可数名词)agreat/gooddeal 许多;大量(用作主语、宾语或状语)【知识拓展】dealwith,dowith都有“处理”的意思。dealwith常和how连用,dowith常与what连用。【语境速测】单句语法填空①Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail?②Wedon’tknowwhattodowiththewastepaper.③Agreatdealofmoneyhasbeenspent(spend)onfoodsofar.

完成句子④Wemayhavedifferentopinionsinorganizingclassactivities.Wemayhavevariouswaystodealwithsuchasituation.

对于组织班级活动我们或许有不同的观点。我们也许有不同的方法来解决这一情况。5.Astimewentby,Iwasmadesmaller.(P18)随着时间的推移,我被弄得越来越小。

【句型公式】as作连词,有以下用法:(1)“当……时候;一边……一边……;随着”,引导时间状语从句。(2)“按照……的方式(办法);如同……”,引导方式状语从句。(3)“因为;既然”,引导原因状语从句。(4)“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。(5)引导比较状语从句,常用于as...as...句型,意为“像……一样……”(第一个as是副词,第二个as是连词)。【名师点津】当as引导让步状语从句时,从句使用部分倒装,即将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放于as前面;单数可数名词提前时应该省掉冠词。【语境速测】完成句子①AsIwasbusypreparingformyexam,Ididn’treplytoyouremailassoonasIreceivedit.

因为我正忙着准备考试,我没有一收到电子邮件就给你回复。②Hedidnotneedtokeepmovinghouse,ashisfatherhad.

他不用像他父亲那样不停地搬家了。③Childasheis,heknowshowtohelpothers.

他虽是个孩子,却知道如何帮助别人。句型转换④Astimewenton/by,hecontentedhimselfwithasimplelife.=Withtimegoingon/by,hecontentedhimselfwithasimplelife.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)Don’ttakeitpersonally(personal).2.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Thesolution(solve),ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseekshelterduringthedaytime.3.(2020·江苏高考)WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparentsattemptedtofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.4.(2020·江苏高考)Thespeedof6Gwillexceed125GB/s,allowingforanewgenerationofvirtualreality(real).5.(2020·江苏高考)Theirlifestylesweretypical(type)ofordinarypeople.Ⅱ.完成句子1.(2019·北京高考)Weneedtodealwith(处理)theinsecurenatureofourtelenetworks.

2.(2019·北京高考)Somestudentsdon’thaveareliablecar,whileothershavetosharevehicleswithparents(与父母共用)whoworksixdaysaweek.

3.(2019·江苏高考)Afterall(毕竟),noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.

4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifyouworkout(锻炼)inthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorieburningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.

5.(2017·江苏高考)Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnationswouldmakeuptheloss(弥补这些损失)(especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuchnations),butyou’dbewrong.

Ⅲ.语法填空Wearefacedwithuniversaltechnologicalrevolution.Wearesurroundedbyelectronicsdevices.Weusecalculators1.tosolve(solve)mathsquestions,whichmakescalculationeasier.Withthehelpofputers,wecandeal2.withelectronicmailsandexploretheworld.AI(artificialintelligence)hassimplifiedourlifein3.away.Inreality,almosteveryyoungpersonhasamobilephone.Thesumis4.totally(total)amazing.5.Personally(personal),weshoulduseourphonesproperly.Butsomepeoplearecrazy6.abouttheirmobilephones.Theyoftenwalkonthebusystreets,7.typing(type)messagesnowandthen.8.Asaresult,manyaccidentsarecausednow.Inordertokeepussafeand9.healthy(health),we’dbetteruseelectronicdeviceswisely10.fromnowon.

核心素养培养创新精神,掌握先进技术吸取先进的理念,树立科学的学习方法高考链接2020·浙江高考阅读理解B;2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C;2018·天津高考阅读理解C;2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D;2018·北京高考阅读理解DⅠ.话题与阅读理解(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C)Asdataandidentitytheftbeesmoreandmoremon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivateespaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveeupwithalowcostdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser’stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstotheputerit’sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtomercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plasticlikeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘,它能给espace用户带来安全,而且这项技术也不贵。1.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D.Tocutthecostofespaceprotection.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段的Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.和第二段的ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhaveeupwithalowcostdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.可知,研究者们开发智能键盘是为了降低espace保护的成本。故选D。2.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A.putersaremucheasiertooperate.B.Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的Thekeyboardcouldoffer...thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities可知,由于每个人的打字方式不同,使得智能键盘能够识别人的身份。故选C。3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A.It’llbeenvironmentfriendly.B.It’llreachconsumerssoon.C.It’llbemadeofplastics.D.It’llhelpspeeduptyping.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.可知,研究者们希望智能键盘能早日面世。故选B。4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A.Adiary. B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel. D.Amagazine.【解析】选D。文章出处题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘,它能给espace用户带来安全,由此可知,本文是一篇关于科技的文章,结合所给选项可知,本文可能来自一本杂志。故选D。【微技能点拨】捕捉关联信息明晰作者意图1.根据文体类别判断写作目的。广告类文章一般是为了推销;故事类文体往往通过词汇的感情色彩表达特定的意义;说明类文体一般是为了普及和推广;议论文的目的往往是表达一种观点、立场、态度或看法等。2.从写作手法上判断作者意图。根据文章的写作手法(比如:倒叙、设问、举例、比喻、引用、对比等)判断作者的写作意图。3.利用语篇标志词判断上下文的逻辑关系(but,yet,so,because,infact,however等)。以本文第1题为例,解题策略如下:Step1根据问题定位关联信息:①thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though;②theyhaveeupwithalowcostdevicethatgetsaroundthisproblem.

Step2对比选项找最佳:尝试解答:D。

【语用提能】话题词汇identity;fingerprint;security;unique;type;recognize短语eupwith;getaround;regardlessof;befamiliarwith;basedon;makeittomarket【微语法填空】(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C改编)Nowadays,biometrictechnologieslikefingerprintscansare1._________(wide)usedtopreventidentitytheft.However,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive2._________(use).Inordertocutdownthecostofprotectingpersonalinformation,researcherscameup3._________alowcostdevice,asmartkeyboardthatcanrecordandanalysetheuser’shabitofusingthekeyboard.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople’sidentities,andwhethertheyshould4._________(give)accesstotheputerit’sconnectedto,regardlessof5._________someonegetsthepasswordright.Thistechnologyhasbeentestedwith100volunteersandprovedefficientandprecise.The6._________(researcher)hopetomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

1.【解析】widely。考查词性转换。此处为副词作状语,修饰动词used。2.【解析】touse。考查不定式。“形容词+不定式”为习惯搭配。3.【解析】with。考查固定搭配。eupwith为固定搭配。4.【解析】begiven。考查被动语态。they和giveaccessto之间为被动关系。5.【解析】whether。考查宾语从句。句意:不管某人是否输入正确的密码。此处为whether引导的宾语从句。6.【解析】researchers。考查名词复数。此处复指上文提到的研究人员,为复数。Ⅱ.话题与写作(2018·天津高考改编)假设你是晨光中学机器人兴趣小组的组长李津,你的朋友Chris曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。请写封邮件邀请他加入你的团队,参加即将在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。内容包括:(1)比赛的时间、地点;(2)邀请他的原因。注意:(1)词数80左右;(2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯。参考词汇:世界青少年机器人技能竞赛theWorldAdolescentRoboticspetitionStep1写作技巧①词汇提升(高级词汇,短语优先)Ourteamneedsyourhelpverymuch.→Ourteamisdesperatelyinneedofyourhelp.

②句式多变(使用非谓语动词)Iwillemailyouourtrainingplansoonandhopeyoucanoffersomeconstructivesuggestionsregardingit.→Iwillemailyouourtrainingplansoon,hopingyoucanoffersomeconstructivesuggestionsregardingit.

③逻辑严谨(衔接词的使用)Iknowyouonceparticipatedinaroboticspetitionandwontheaward.Youmusthaveaccumulatedmuchexperienceinit.→Iknowyouonceparticipatedinaroboticspetitionandwontheaward,soyoumusthaveaccumulatedmuchexperienceinit.Step2妙笔成篇(尽量使用本单元所学知识点)DearChris,Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.TheWorldAdolescentRoboticspetitionistobeheldinTianjinattheendofthisJuly.Iknowyouonceparticipatedinaroboticspetitionandwontheaward,soyoumusthaveaccumulatedmuchexperienceinit.Ourteamisdesperatelyinneedofyourhelp.Soasthegroupleader,Isincerelyinviteyoutojoinus.Iamconvincedthatwithourjointeffortswecanundoubtedlygetgoodresults.I’mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Yours,LiJin阅读理解ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/greensignalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingofthesignalschanges.Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afastgrowingcityjusteastofSeattle,usesasystemthatisgainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection(十字路口)signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimetotrafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboththetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.“Adaptivesignalscanmakesurethatthetrafficdemandthatisthereisbeingaddressed,”saysAlexStevanovic,aresearcheratFloridaAtlanticUniversity.ForallofBellevue’ss