语言学教程英语语言学试卷综合测试题含标准答案

语言学教程综合测试题含标准答案英语语言学试卷（一）第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)1.Saussure’sdistinctionandChomsky’sareverysimilar,buttheydifferinthat____________.A.SaussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapsychologicalpointofviewB.SaussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasociologicalpointofviewC.SaussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookasemanticpointofviewD.SaussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhileChomskytookapragmaticpointofview2.Languageisasystemof____________vocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.A.unnaturalB.artificialC.superficialD.arbitrary3.Wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,_______________.A.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmittedB.therefore,weneedn’tlearnthedetailsofourmothertongueC.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.D.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct4.A(n)________isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.Itisacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.A.phoneB.allophoneC.phonemeD.sound5.Themorpheme–edintheword“worked”isa(n)__________morpheme.A.derivationalB.inflectionalC.freeD.word-forming6.WH-movementis__________inEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.A.obligatoryB.optionalC.selectionalD.arbitrary7.Namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby_____________.A.GriceB.PlatoC.SaussureD.OgdenandRichards8.“Johnmarriedablondheiress.”__________“Johnmarriedablond.”A.issynonymouswithB.isinconsistentwithC.entailsD.presupposes9.Insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled____________,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.A.utteranceB.referenceC.predicationD.morpheme10.InAustin’sspeechacttheory,___________istheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.A.aperlocutionaryactB.alocutionaryactC.aconstativeactD.anillocutionaryact特特外语专业考研门户特特外语专业考研门户特特外语专业考研门户特特外语专业考研门户第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%X10=10%)11.P___________relatesthestudyoflanguagetopsychology.Itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.12.Ad_________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.13.Languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.Atthelowerlevel,thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberofmeaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.Thisdesignfeatureiscalledd___________.14.Thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:thepharyngealcavity,theo_________cavityandthenasalcavity.15.Thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl_____________.16.S_____________featuressuchasstress,toneandintonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.17.Phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirr_________properties.18.H__________referstothephenomenonthatwordshavingdifferentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.19.Someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep____________,theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.20.InSociolinguistics,speakersaretreatedasmembersofsocialgroups.Thesocialgroupisolatedforanygivenstudyiscalledthespeechc___________.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%X10=20%)()21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.()22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.()23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.()24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.()25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.()26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.()27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”()28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.()29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.()30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)31.parole:32.broadtranscription:33.allophones:34.phrasestructurerules:35.context36.HistoricalLinguistics:37.standardlanguage:38.linguistictaboo:39.acculturation:40.care-takerspeech:V.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%X2=20%)41.Enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.42.EnglishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsAnglo-Saxondays.Identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.英语语言学试卷答案(一)第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%X10=20%)1.A2.D3.C4.C5.B6.A7.B8.C9.C10.D第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%X10=10%)11.Psycholinguistics12.diachronic13.duality14.oral15.lateralization16.Suprasegmental17.recursive18.Homonymy19.protolanguage20.communityIII.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.(2%X10=20%)(T)21.Linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.(T)22.Languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.(F)23.Theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.(F)24.Themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinEnglishbecauseEnglish,unlikeChinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.特特外语专业考研门户特特外语专业考研门户特特外语专业考研门户(T)25.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.(F)26.Whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind’seyeeverytimewecomeacrossalinguisticsymbol.(F)27.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.Forexample,“Goodmorning!”canberestoredto“Iwishyouagoodmorning.”(T)28.Twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.(F)29.BlackEnglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardEnglishbecauseBlackEnglishisnotassystematicasstandardEnglish.(T)30.Anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms.(3%X10=30%)31.parole:Itreferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.Itisconcreteandvarieswithcontext.32.Broadtranscriptionisthetranscriptionwithlettersymbolsonly.Itisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooks.33.Allophonesarethedifferentphonesthatrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironments.34.Phrasestructurerulesaretherewriteruleswhichallowforthepossiblecombinationofwordstoformphrasesandsentences.35.Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.36.Historicallinguisticsstudieslanguagechange(orhistoricaldevelopmentoflanguage).37.Standardlanguageisasuperposed,sociallyprestigiousdialectoflanguage.Itisthelanguageemployedbythegovernmentandthejudiciarysystem,usedbythemassmediaandtaughtineducationalinstitutions.38.Linguistictabooreferstoawordorexpressionthatisprohibitedbythe“polite”societyfromgeneraluse.39.Acculturationisaprocessofadaptingtothecultureandvaluesystemofthesecondlanguagecommu