2017-2021北京重点校高一（下）期中英语汇编：教科类阅读

2017-2021北京重点校高一（下）期中英语汇编

教科类阅读

阅读理解(共10小题)

1.(2018北京•北京四中高一(下)期中)

DreaminHeart

Onthefirstdayofschoolourprofessorintroducedanewclassmate--awrinkledlittleoldlady-tous.Hername

wasRose,andshewaseighty-sevenyearsold.

AfterclassRoseandIwalkedtotheStudentUnionBuildingandsharedachocolatemilk-shake.Shetoldmeshe

alwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowshewasgettingone.Webecameinstantfriends.Everydayfor

thefollowingmonths,wewouldleaveclasstogetherandtalknonstop.Iwasalwaysattracted,listeningtothis”lime

machine"asshesharedherwisdomandexperiencewithme.

Rosebecamefamousandeasilymadefriendswherevershewent.Shetendedtobehighlymotivated,responsible,

anddeeplyinvolvedinclassparticipation.Insparetimeshehadsomeonehangoutorgotobarswith.Sheeven

participatedinsomeformofathleticactivity.Shesaidthatextra-cumcularactivitiescanformavitalpartofher

experience,creatinguniquechancesforfriendshipandlearning.

AttheendofthetermweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballmeal.Alittleembarrassed,sheleanedintothe

microphoneandsimplysaid,"I'msorryI'msonervous."Aswelaughed,sheclearedherthroatandbegan,“Wedo

notstopplayingbecauseweareold；wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereisahugedifferencebetweengrowing

olderandgrowingup.Ifyou'renineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyear,youwillturntwenty.IfI'meighty

-sevenyearsoldandstayinbedforayear,Iwillturneighty-eight.Anybodycangrowolder.It'snon-optional

butthatdoesn'ttakeanytalentorability.Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingthechanceinchange.Inthisway

theelderlydon'thaveregretsforwhattheydid,butratherforthingstheydidnotdo.”Roseconcludedherspeechby

courageouslysinging"TheRose".Shechallengedustostudythewordsofthesongandlivedthemoutindailylives.

Attheyear'sendRosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.OneweekaftergraduationRose

diedpeacefullyinhersleep.Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralinhonorofthewonderfulwoman

whotaughtbyexamplethatit'snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.

(1)WhydoestheauthorcompareRoseto"timemachine"inParagraph2?

A.Tostressheroldageandknowledgeoflife.

B.Todescribetheclosefriendshipbetweenthem.

C.Toshowthatshealwaysenjoyedheractivelife.

D.Toexplainwhyshetookonachallengeincollege.

(2)Rosewasinvitedtospeakatthefootballmealmostprobablybecause.

A.shewasagreatfootballfan

B.shewasthesmarteststudent

C.shetriedhardtoachieveherdream

D.shebecamemoreeducatedthantheothers

(3)WecanlearnthatRoseagreedwiththeideathat.

A.growingoldermeansgrowingup

B.ittakestalentandabilitytogrowup

C.receivinghigheducationhelpstobecourageous

D.onegrowsolderatthesametimewhenhegrowsup

(4)Thepassageisintendedto.

A.provideanexamplefortheelderly

B.discusshowtogrowupquickly

C.telltheimportanceofattendingcollege

D.inspirethereaderstoliveuptolives

2.(2017北京•北师大附属实验中学高一(下)期中)Dyslexia(诵读困难)isalearningproblemsomekidshave

withreadingandwriting.Thismakesitdifficultforakidtoreadandrememberwhatwasread.Sowhat'sgoingon

insidetheperson'sbrain?Well,itdoesn'tmeanthepersonisdumb.Infact,someverysmartpeoplehavehad

dyslexia.

Theproblemdoesoccurinthebrain,though.Akidwhohasdyslexiamightfindithardtodoschoolwork.Butthe

goodnewsisthatdyslexiadoesn'tneedtokeepakiddown.

Akidwhohasdyslexiamightstartoutdoingfineinschool.Butitcanbecomeastruggle.Thebestthingtodoisto

askforhelpfromspecialists.

Mostkidsbeginlearningtoreadbylearninghoweachletterofthealphabetlooksandsounds.Next,theystart

figuringoutwhattheletterssoundlikewhenthey'reputtogethertoformwords.Readingisalittlelikeridingabike

becauseyouhavetodoalotofthingsatonce.

Youmayknowthatcertainpartsofyourbraindocertainjobs.Forreading,youneedyourcenterofvision,

language,andmemory.Andyoualsoneedanetworkofnervecellstoconnectthese-centers.

Kidswhohavedyslexiacanlearnnewwaysforrememberingsounds.Forexample,"p"andHbHarecalledbrother

soundsbecausetheyareboth"lippoppers(爆破音)”.Youhavetopressyourlipstogethertomakethesound.

Kidswhohavedyslexiamightloseheartsometimes.Buttheycangethelptoimprovetheirreadingskillsandgoon

todogreatthingsinlife-justlikeEinsteinWaltDisney,theactorTomCruise,andthelonglistofotherswho

succeededdespitedyslexia.

(1)Thecenterofinone'sbrainmaynothaveconnectionswithdyslexia.

A.movement

B.language

C.vision

D.memory

（2）Wecaninferfromthepassagethatareregardedas"brothersounds1'.

A.f&e

B.k&w

C.t&d

D.i&h

（3）WhichofthefollowingisRIGHTaccordingtothepassage?

A.Akidwithdyslexiamustbeveryslowinstudying.

B.Akidwithdyslexiahasdifficultyinreadingratherthaninremembering.

C.Evenspecialistscannothelpthosewithdyslexia.

D.Readingislikeridingabikebecausetheybothneedtodoalotofthingsatthesametime.

3.（2017北京•北师大附中高一（下）期中）FarfromthelandofAntarctica,ahugeshelfoficemeetstheocean.At

theundersideoftheshelftherelivesasmallfish,theAntarcticcod.

Forfortyyearsscientistshavebeencuriousaboutthatfish.Howdoesitlivewheremostfishwouldfreezetodeath?It

musthavesomesecret.TheAntarcticisnotacomfortableplacetoworkandresearchhasbeenslow.Nowitseems

wehaveananswer.

Researchwasbegunbycuttingholesintheiceandcatchingthefish.Scientistsstudiedthefish'sbloodandmeasuredits

freezingpoint.

Thefishweretakenfromseawaterthathadatemperatureof-1.88℃andmanytinypiecesoficefloatinginit.The

bloodofthefishdidnotbegintofreezeuntilitstemperaturewasloweredto-2.05℃.Thatsmalldifferenceis

enoughforthefishtoliveatthefreezingtemperatureoftheice-saltmixture.

Thesaentists*nextresearchjobwasclear：Findoutwhatinthefish'sbloodkeptitfromfreezing.Tneirsearcnleato

somereallystrangethingmadeupofaprotein（蛋白质）neverbeforeseeninthebloodofafish.Whenitwas

removed,thebloodfrozeatseawatertemperature.Whenitwasputback,thebloodagainhaditsantifreezequality

andaloweredfreezingpoint.

Studyshowedthatitisanunusualkindofprotein.Ithasmanysmallsugarmolecules（分子）heldinspecialpositions

withineachbigproteinmolecule.Becauseofitssugarcontent,itiscalledaglycoprotein.Soithascometobe

calledtheantifreezefishglycoprotein.OrAFGP.

35.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.TheterribleconditionsintheAntarctic.

B.Aspecialfishlivinginfreezingwaters.

C.TheiceshelfaroundAntarctica.

D.ProtectionoftheAntarcticcod.

36.WhycantheAntarcticcodliveatthefreezingtemperature?

A.Theseawaterhasatemperatureof-1.88℃

B.Itlovestoliveintheice-saltmixture.

C.Aspecialproteinkeepsitfromfreezing.

D.Itsbloodhasatemperaturelowerthan-2.05℃

37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph5referto?

A.Atypeofice-saltmixture.

B.Anewlyfoundprotein.

C.Fishblood.

D.Sugarmolecule.

38.Whatdoes"glycol-"intheunderlinedword"glycoprotein"inthelastparagraphmean?

A.sugarB.iceC.bloodD.molecule

4.（2020北京•北京市海淀区首师大附中高一（下）期中）Whenabigexamiscomingup,youprobablyfeelanxious

aboutanywastedtimeandwanttobeginschoolassoonasyouprobablycan.

ButtensofthousandsofBritishhighschoolstudentswillsoonbegettinguplater.TheyYetakingpartinanew

experimentbyOxfordUniversitytoseeiflaterclassescanimprovetheirexamresults.

Grades10studentsintheUKhavetotakethenationwideGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation（GCSE）

exams.Theyhavetopasstheseexamsinordertostudymoreadvancedcourses,andlaterapplyforuniversities.

TheOxfordUniversityprojectmeansthatGCSEstudentsfrommorethan100schoolsacrossEnglandwillstartschool

at10am,morethanonehourlaterthanthecurrentstarttime（8：50am）.

Theprojectisbasedonscientificevidencethatteenagersare"outofsync（同步）"withtraditionalschoolhours,the

Telegraphreported.Andwhattheyneedismoresleepinthemorning.

"Weknowthatsomethingfunnyhappenswhenyou'reateenager,inthatyouseemtobeoutofsyncwiththeworld,

"saidprofessorColinEpsie,whoisleadingthestudy."Yourparentsthinkit'sbecauseyouarelazyandopinionated

（固执己见的）andeverythingwillbeOKifyoucouldgettosleepearlier.Butscienceistellingusthatteenagersneed

tosleepmoreinthemornings.”

Everyonefollowsanaturalcycleofsleepandwakefulness.Biologyhasdecidedthatteenagersgotosleeparound

midnightanddon'tfeelfullyawakeuntil9-10am,accordingtoscientists.That'stwohourslaterthanadults.And

theirbodyclocksstaylikethisuntiltheageofaround21formales,and19forfemales.

''Societyprovidesschoolforlearning,butthebrainprovidessleep.Soweareexploringthepossibilitythatifyou

delaytheschoolsstarttimeuntil10am,thatwillimprovelearningperformance,“saidEpsie.

Theresultscouldbepositive,basedonpreviousstudies.

AnearlystudyattheUK'sMonkseatonHighSchoolin2009foundthatstartinganhourlaterimprovedgradesincore

subjectsby19percent.

TheOxfordprojectisexpectingtopublishtheresultsin2018.It'stimetowaitandseewhetherscientistswillgiveus

anexcusetogetuplate.

（1）Accordingtothearticle,studentswhotakepartintheOxfordUniversityproject

A.willstartschoolonehourearlier

B.willbeguaranteedmoresleepingtimeinthemorning

C.willperformbetteracademicallythanthosewhodon'tparticipate

D.willnolongerhavetotakeGCSEexams

(2)Wecaninferfromthearticlethat.

A.childrenandadultshavedifferentnaturalcyclesofsleepandwakefulness

B.gettinguplateisasignoflazinessintheeyesofmostBritishparents

C.theOxfordUniversityprojectistargetedatallBritishhighschools

D.thereisstillnoscientificevidencethatsupportsalateschoolstarttime

(3)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheOxfordUniversityproject?

A.Critical

B.Uninterested

C.Optimistic

D.Doubtful

(4)What'sthebesttitleofthearticle?

A.It'snevertoolatetolearn

B.Anexcusetogetuplate

C.Thelateryougetup,thebetteryou'lllearn

D.Wakeuplatetoexcel

5.(2018北京•北京四中高一(下)期中)DespitetheanxietythatJones'Host-saidbysometobethefirstdigital

novel--causedin1993,publishersweren'ttooconcernedthate-bookswouldonedayreplaceprinted

books.However,thatattitudewaschangedsuddenlyin2007whenAmazon'sKindlecameontothemarket,whichled

toe-booksalesjumpingupto1,260%.Sincethen,e-books'popularityhascontinuedtosteadilyrise.The

publishingindustryseemedtohavelostallpossibleabilitytoregainitsposition.Will-printedbookseventuallybecome

athingofthepast?

AccordingtoMikeShatzkin,founderandCEOoftheIdeaLogicalCompany,printedbooksjustforplainold

readingwill,in10yearsfromnow,beunusual."Notsounusualthatakidwillsay,'Mommy,what'sthat?'but

unusualenoughthatonthetrainyou'llseeoneortwopeoplereadingsomethingprinted,whileeveryoneelseisreading

offofatablet.”AndShatzkinbelievesthatthedemiseofprintissuretohappen,thoughsuchadaywon'tarrivefor

perhaps50to100ormoreyears.

RobertStein，founderoftheInstitutefortheFutureoftheBook,however,believesthatbookswon'tdisappear

entirely,atleastnotanytimesoon."Printwillexist,butitwillbeinadifferentfieldandwillappealtoaverylimited

audience,aspoetrydoestoday.Likewoodblockprinting,hand-processedfilmandfolkweaving(编织),printed

pagesmayassumeanartisticvalue,“hesays.Heimaginesthatfutureformsofbooksmightbedevelopednotby

conventionalpublishersbutbythegamingindustry.Healsopredictsthatthedistinctionbetweenwriterandreaderwill

bemadelessobviousbyasocialreadingexperienceinwhichauthorsandconsumerscandigitallyinteractwitheachother

todiscussanypassage,sentenceorline.

Isthereanythingwerisksacrificing,shouldprintreallydisappearentirely?AccordingtoMaryanneWolf,director

oftheCenterfbrReadingandLanguageResearchatTuftsUniversity,electronicreadingcannegativelyaffecttheway

thebrainrespondstotext,includingreadingcomprehension,focusandtheabilitytomaintainattentiontodetailslike

plotandorderofevents."Myworryisthatwellhaveashort-circuitedreadingbrain,excellentforgathering

informationbutnotnecessarilyfbrformingcritical,analyticaldeepreadingskills,”Wolfsays.

Thefield,however,isinanearlystage,andfindingsaboutthenegativeeffectsofe-readingarefarfrom

certain.Inlightofthis,Wolfhopesthatwecontinuetomaintaina"bi-literate"society--onethatvaluesboththe

digitalandprintedword."Afullreadingbraincircuitisahugecontributiontotheintellectualdevelopmentofour

species.Anythingthatthreatensthatdeservesourattention."

(1)Howdidpublishersfeelabouttherisinge-booksalesinspiredbytheKindle?

A.Worried

B.Excited

C.Curious

D.Skeptical.

(2)Theunderlinedword"demiseHinParagraph2probablymeans.

A.rise

B.death

C.growth

D.decline

(3)AccordingtoRobertStein,paperbookswillexistbecauseof・

A.theartisticvalue

B.thedigitalinteraction

C.thegrowingpopularity

D.theconventionaldesign

(4)ItcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatWolfholdsthat.

A.e-readingwillweakenthepowerofourbrain

B.digitalbooksandpaperbooksshouldnotco-exist

C.e-readingwillmakeusmorecriticalandthoughtful

D.weshouldnotrisklosingafullreadingbraincircuit

6.(2017北京•北京101中学高一(下)期中)Agenerationofparentsraisedaccordingtothepermissiveprinciplesof

postwarchildcareexpertsisrediscoveringtheimportanceofsaying"No"totheirchildren.Theyarebeginningtoreclaim

thehouseastheirown.Evenspanking(打屁股)isback.

Whiletoday'sparentsdonotwanttoreturntotheVictorianera(时代)-whenchildrenwereseen,spanked,but

notheard-thereisagrowingacknowledgementthatthelaissez-faireapproachproducedagenerationofchildren

runningringsaroundpuzzledparentsstrugglingtorestoreorder.

JantheaBrigden,atrainerwithParentNetwork,says："Theproblemisthatparentsdon'twantallthatcontrolling

things.Whattheywantistobeabletodiscipline(管教)theirchildrenthroughteachingandencouraging.”

AccordingtoSteveBiddulph,theauthorofMoreSecretsofHappyChildren,thepermissiveerawasoftenjustan

excusetoignorechildren.Hebelievesdisciplineinvolvesfirmbutfriendlyteachinganddoesnotneedtoinvolve

punishment.Heteachesamethodcalled"standandthink",whereachildishelpedtofigureoutwhatiswrongandhow

togetitright.Mr.Biddulphunderstandsparentsusingspanking,butheisagainstit."Thehappiestchildrenare

thosewhoknowMumandDadareincharge.Aschildrengrowintotheirteens,morenegotiationcantakeplace,such

as：Proveyoucanbehomesafelyby11pm,andwemightletyoustayouttillmidnight.”

“Thereisnogoodevidencethatanoccasional,properlyadministeredspankingisharmfulinanyway."saysJohn

Rosemond,anAmericanwhohaswonahugefollowingbycallingfor"parentpower".Itispurenonsensetobelieve

thatrestrictingchildrentotheirroomasapunishmentcouldmakethemhavenegativefeelingsabouttheroomandcause

sleepproblems.

Mr.RosemondtrackstheoverturningoftraditionalfamilyvaluestotheendoftheSecondWorldWar.Heblames

thechangeoftheAmericanfamilyintoachild-centered,self-respect-oriented(以...为导向)uniton

psychologistsandsocialworkers,whofbr30yearshaveweakenedtraditionalapproaches.Previousgenerationsof

Americanparentsraisedchildrennotbythebook,butbyself-evidenttruth,hesays.Childrenshouldbeseenandnot

heard.Ifyoumakeyourbed,you'llhavetolieinit.Hesaysthatthosephrasescontaintime-honoredunderstanding

andprinciplesthathelpedchildrentodevelopwhatwerefertoasthe"threeRs"ofparenting：respect,responsibility

andresourcefulness.

(1)Whichisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedword"laissez-faire"inthesecondparagraph?

A.Letitbe.

B.Goforit.

C.Getitright.

D.Takeiteasy.

(2)Ifhischilddidsomethingwrong,SteveBiddulphwould.

A.givehimagoodbeating

B.lockhimupinadarkroom

C.askhimtostandinacornerforhours

D.helphimfindouttheproblemandsolution

(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Thecausesofdisciplineproblems.

B.Thebestwaytodisciplinechildren.

C.Differentopinionsonwaysofparenting.

D.Differencesbetweenparentsofdifferenttimes.

7.(2017北京•北师大附属实验中学高一(下)期中)Anewstudy,aprojectoftheresearchersfromtheUniversityof

PittsburghinPennsylvania,findsthefitnesstrackerprobablydoesnothelpwithweightloss.

Thedevicesaredesignedtorecordyourphysicalactivity.Theyareusuallywornaroundthewrist,wherethey

measureaperson'sheartrate.Theresearchteamlookedattwogroupsofindividuals.Thefirstworeafitnesstracker

andtookpartinhealthcounseling(咨询)withexpertstoconsiderthebestweight-lossplan.Theresearchers

comparedthisgroupwithpeoplewhoonlygothealthcounseling.

Thestudyfoundthatthoseonlyspeakingwiththehealthexpertslostnearly6kilograms,butthoseusingafitness

trackerlostonly3.5kilograms.JohnJakicic,theleadresearcher,questionedtheuseofelectronicdevicesforweight

controlinplaceof"effectivebehavioralcounselingforphysicalactivityanddiet.”

Thestudyinvolved470subjectsagedbetween18and35.Someofthemwereoverweight,whileotherswere

consideredobese(月匕胖的).Overthreefourthsofthesubjectswerewomen.Allthesubjectsweretoldtoincrease

physicalactivityandstartonalow-caloriediet.Theyhadtheirweightmeasuredonceeverysixmonths.Aftersix

months,researchersdividedthegroupintotwoparts：onecontinuedwithmonthlycounseling,whilemembersofthe

othergroupweregivenafitnesstracker.Eighteenmonthslater,both,groups"showedsignificantimprovementsin

fitness,physicalactivity,anddiet,”withnomajordifferencebetweengroups.However,whenitcametolosing

weight,thepeoplewhoonlyspokewithlostnearlytwiceasmuchweight.

Jakicicsaid,"thestudy'sfindingsareimportantbecauseeffectivelong-termtreatmentsareneededtoaddress

America'sobesity."Moreinformationisneeded,headded,tolearnhowtobestusethesedevicestochange"physical

activityanddiebehaviors"inadultswhowanttoloseweight.

(1)Allthesubjectsinthestudywereaskedto,

A.increasephysicalactivities

B.wearafitnesstracker

C.startonahigh-caloricdiet

D.recordtheirheartrates

(2)WhydoesJakicicthinkthefindingsareimportant?

A.Handlingobesityrequireseffectivelong-termtreatments.

B.Physicalactivityanddiethavenoeffectonweightloss.

C.Wearingfitnesstrackershardlyhelpspeopleloseweight.

D.Therearegreatdifferencesinfitnessbetweenbothgroups.

(3)Whatcanweinferaboutthestudymentionedinthetext?

A.Healthcounselinghelpslosealmost6kilograms.

B.Morethan120mentookpartinthestudy.

C.Thestudywentonforabouttwoyears.

D.Wearingafitnesstrackerisusefulforkeepingslim.

(4)Thepurposeofthetextisto.

A.describehowtheresearcherswereconductingthestudy

B.warnwomenaremorelikelytosufferfromweightproblems

C.convincereaderstowearfitnesstrackersforweightcontrol

D.indicateregularcounselingforweightcontrolisnecessary

8.（2017北京•北京市海淀区人大附中高一（下）期中）Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseof

smell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollable

angerindriversonroads.

Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcherwho

carriedoutthereview,"morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainand

actsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofa

dieter."

Smell,whichdictatestheunbelievablecomplexity（复杂性）offoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstood

ofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremely

largerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehuman

genome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-

breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof

1，000olfactory（嗅觉）genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.

Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenough

tomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollable

angeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperate

tosatisfytheirappetites.

Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamonwereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreduce

drivers'impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.

However,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.AstudybyresearchersinIsraelhasidentified

atleast50olfactorygeneswhichareswitchedoninsomepeopleandnotinothers.Theybelievethismayexplainwhy

someofuslovesomesmellsandtasteswhileothershatethem.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearly

everyhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.

（1）WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?

A.Thecategoryoffoodsmells.

B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.

C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.

D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.

（2）Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?

A.Bread.

B.Fruits.

C.Coffee.

D.Fastfood.

(3)Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?

A.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.

B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.

C.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.

D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.

(4)Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Logicandbehavior.

B.Smellanditsinfluence.

C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.

D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.

9.(2017北京•北师大附中高一(下)期中)ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,

seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.

Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart-drivers.

DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloprobotic

vehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacar

tospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Another

beganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.

Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.One

wentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence；anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The

"winner,uiftherewasany,reached7：8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaught

onfire.

"Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,nsaysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoof

thecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autorucs."Evenantscandoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'svery

hardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines.”

Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,had

troublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,that

veryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealready

knowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwill

tastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedes