非谓语动词专题

非谓语动词

Non-restricted

Verbs非谓语不定式（todo)分词动名词(-ing)过去分词(-ed)现在分词(-ing)-ing分词-ed分词非谓语动词的否定式是在其之前加______not学习非谓语时应注意以下问题：1.谓语动词和非谓语动词的选择；一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。近年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或利用一些“貌合神离”的手段，加大考生辩别非谓语动词的难度。例①

Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_____downtoeatourpicniclunch.(2005上海）

A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat

解析：

此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即Ａ或Ｂ项，而and实际上作为并列连词并列的是found及sat两个动作，而非并列providing与

sitting.D例②Pricesofdailygoods_____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.arebought B.boughtC.havebeenboughtD.buying解析：此题学生最易错选的答案为Ａ或Ｃ。依据上面陈述，填入Ａ或Ｃ句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为Ｂ，boughtthroughacomputer为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语canbelowerthan。当然此题如改为Pricesofdailygoodswhichhavebeenboughtthrough…也是正确的，因为这一动作出现在从句中。B3).Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better______it—you’vegotsomebigbillscoming.(2004广东）

A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget4).Daddydidn’tmindwhatweweredoing,aslongasweweretogether,_______fun.A.hadB.haveC.tohaveD.havingAD不定式主动形式被动形式一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing完成式

tohavedonetohavebeendone动名词/现在分词主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词既表动作完成，又表示被动注意非谓语动词的时态形式和语态形式。2.把握谓语动词和非谓语动词的时间关系，以此确定非谓语动词的时态形式。AIDSissaid_____thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen2.___fromhearttroubleforyears,Mr.Whitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.BeingsufferedDC3.把握逻辑主语，确定非谓语动词的语态形式。(1)改错：Hearingthebadnews,tearsrandownherface.Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.Whensheheardthebadnews,tearsrandownherface.2.____automatically(自动的),thee-mailwillbereceivedbyalltheclubmembers.A.MailedoutB.MailingoutC.TobemailedoutD.Havingmailedout3.RussandEarlwereautomechanics_____thesamepay,butEarlhadmoreambition.A.toearnB.tohaveearnedC.earningD.earnedAC分词作状语，把握分词与主句主语的逻辑关系，主动用-ing，被动用-ed.分词作定语，把握分词与所修饰名词的逻辑关系，主动用-ing，被动用-ed.(4)NotknowingwhatversionofiPadtochoose,_____.A.someadvicewasgiventoBarbara.B.BarbarahadtoconsultherITteacher.C.soBarbarahadtoconsultherITteacher.D.Barbara’sITteachergavehersomeadviceB分词作状语，把握分词与主句主语的逻辑关系。

(5)Inthedream,Petersawhimself____

byafiercewolf,andhewokeupsuddenly.A.chasedB.tobechasedC.bechasedD.havingbeenchasedA分词作宾补，把握分词与宾语的逻辑关系，主动用-ing，被动用-ed.4.非谓语动词在句子中能充当什么成分？主，谓，宾，表，定，补，状学习非谓语时应注意以下问题：

谓语动词和非谓语动词的选择；2.把握谓语动词和非谓语动词的时间关系，以此确定非谓语动词的时态形式。3.把握逻辑主语，确定非谓语动词的语态形式。4.非谓语动词在句子中能充当的成分。

二、考查非谓语动词作主语

能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。二者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。

1)Smokingisprohibited(禁止)here.2)Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch.3)Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen.

(抽象)(具体)1).Tomakeaplanfirstisagoodidea.不定式作主语

=Itisagoodideatomakeaplanfirst.2).Ittakesthreehourstowalkthere.

Note:

Whatapleasureitistoworkwiththem!Howrelaxingitistobatheinthesunonthesand!Itispossibleforhimtomastertheartofspeaking.Itwascarelessofhimtobreakthecoffee

cup.2.动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。Itis/was

+动名词.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.Itisoflittlegoodstayinguptoolateeveryday.nouse/uselessoflittleusenogood/oflittlegoodawasteoftimeagoodpleasurefun/niceenjoyable1).It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.________theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohaveB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having2).Infact_____isahardjobforthepolicetokeeporderinanimportantmatch.A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it3)Itisno____arguingwithBillbecausehewillneverchangehismind.A.useB.helpC.timeD.wayDDAPeriod2_______manytimes,hefinallymanagedtosettletheproblem.Tried B.Trying C.Havingbeentried D.Havingtried2._____aroundtheWaterCubeandtheBird’sNest,thetouristsfromTaiwanandIwishedtheretobeajointteamfortheLondonOlympics.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.Toshow D.Havingbeenshown

3.TsinghuaUniversity,___in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded4.Thenextthinghesawwassmoke____frombehindthehouse.A.rose B.rising C.torise D.risen5.____aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.Gather B.Togather C.GatheringD.Tobegathering

6.Alexandertriedtogethiswork___inthemedicalcircles.torecognize B.recognizingC.recognize D.recognized7.Hisfirstbook_____nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.published B.tobepublishedC.topublish D.beingpublished三、考查非谓语动词作宾语

1.能接不定式作宾语的动词有（这时不定式的逻辑主语是该句的主语）：

afford,agree,arrange,ask,attempt,begin,choose,continue,decide,desire,demand,determine,elect,expect,forget,hate,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,long,love,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prepare,promise,pretend,prefer,refuse,remember,require,seek,start,try,want,wish等。

Idon’twant______likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedA2.动名词作宾语:(1)作动词的宾语，如admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny...（2）作介词的宾语。Childrenarefondof_______________.孩子们喜欢听故事。Thepatientinsistedon______________.病人坚持马上被送回家。listeningtostories.beingtakenhomeatonce1)Ican’tstand______withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_____talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork；stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop2)Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk___thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost3)Isn’tittimeyougotdownto___thepapers?A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.markingCBD3.有些动词如intend,start,continue后既可

跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无

大区别。Iintendtofinish/finishingthetasktoday.

但love,like,hate,prefer后接动名词表示习

比较抽象的行为；接不定式表示具体的行为。

1).Ilike____verymuch,butIdon'tlike__thisafternoon.

A.swimming,swimming

B.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswim

D.toswim,swimmingC2).LittleJimshouldlove__________tothetheatrethiseveningA.tobetaken

B.totake

C.beingtaken

D.taking但要注意:如果like,love,prefer前有would/should,

后面则应该接动词不定式。

I’dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.AA4.有些动词既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语,但不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子的主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：want、need、require等。1)Yourwatchneedsrepairing\toberepaired.2)Thewindowsneedpaintingagain\tobepaintedagain.5.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别。如forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try,goon,can’thelp等。rememberdoingsthremembertodosthforgetdoingsthforgettodosthtrydoingsthtrytodosth记得曾经做过某事记得要去做某事忘了曾经做过某事忘了做某事尝试做..努力/设法做..regretdoingsthregrettodosthmeandoingsthmeantodosthgoondoingsthgoontodosthstopdoingsthstoptodosth后悔做了...对将要做的事感到抱歉意味着打算去做...继续做..接下来去做...停止做...停下来去做...beusedtodoingsthbeusedtodosthcan’thelpdoingsthcan’thelptodo习惯于做...被用来做...情不自禁做...不能帮助做...1).Ifyouthinktreatingawomanwellmeansalways_____herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.gettingD2).Whenaskedbythepolice,hesaidthatheremembered_____attheparty,butnot______.A.toarrive;leavingB.toarrive;toleaveC.arriving;leavingD.arriving;toleaveC3)Afterhebecameconscious,heremembered______and_____ontheheadwitharod.A.toattack;hitB.tobeattacked;tobehitC.attacking;behitD.havingbeenattacked;hitD动名词的完成被动式你拿我的家人开玩笑伤害了我。____________________________hurtme.Mary来晚了让秦老师很生气。__________________madeMr.Qinangry.我讨厌Jane炫耀(showoff)她的iphone。Ihate_____________________________.YourjokingaboutmyfamilyMary’scominglateJane’sshowingoffheriphone6.动名词的复合结构：在动名词前加上形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格。此时，形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格作了动名词所表动作的逻辑主语。在句子中作宾语或主语Victorapologizedfor_____toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotableC在动名词复合结构的否定式中，not要放在物主代词或名词所有格和动名词之间。妈妈原谅了我没将真相告诉她。

Monforgave_______________________.mynottellingthetruthtoher.1)Iwouldappreciate_____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling2)________madehermotherveryangry.A.MarymarryingJimB.Mary’smarriedJimC.Mary’smarryingJimD.Mary’sbeingmarriedJimCC3).Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto______.A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught4).Thenoiseof____couldbeheardoutinthestreet.A.desksopeningandclosingB.desksopenedandclosedC.desksbeingopenedandclosedD.desks’openingandclosingCC四、考查非谓语动词作宾补Walkingalongtheriver,weheardsomeone__________forhelp.A.shouting

B.shout

C.shouted

D.havingshouted2)Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething________.

A.tosteal

B.losing

C.missed

D.stolen3)Myteachertoldme_____socareless.A.notbeB.don’ttobeC.nottobeD.won’tbeADC4)Childrenshouldbeallowed______theirowndecisions.A.makingB.tomakeC.makeD.havingmade

能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式，现在分词，过去分词，用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于谓语动词的搭配和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义。

B

Myadvisorencouraged_____asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：

ask,advise,tell,force,get,allow,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,intend,expect,encourage,persuade,permit,request,order,warn,cause等，表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作（具有“主动”的意义），而且不定式的动作多发生在句子的谓语动作之后（具有“将来”的意义）。D使役动词，感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make,let,have等；感官动词有see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel

以及lookat,listento等。

①

--Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?--Justaminute,I’llhaveBob____youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshow

②Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learningBA3.不定式和分词作宾语补足语的意义不同。①Iheardher______(sing)anEnglishsongjustnow.②Iheardher________(sing)anEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.③IheardtheEnglishsong______(sing)manytimes.

接不定式时，表示动作发生的全过程;接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；接过去分词时，表被动或完成。

singsingingsung4.with的复合结构

_______________________________Theweatherwasevencolderwiththewindblowing.(2)Withalltheworkfinished,theyhurriedbackhomeforlunch.(3)Withmanythingstodealwith,Ihavetostoplisteningtothelightmusic.with/without+宾语+宾补(非谓动词/形容词/副词/介词短语等)Practise(1)Theyshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.you’vehadit______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained.

(2)Themissingboywerelastseen_____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay(3)--DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?--He______,becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputer.A.hasitfixedB.hadfixeditC.haditfixedD.fixedit(4)Withmoretreesandflowers_____hereandthere,Beijinglooksmorebeautiful.A.areplantingB.plantingC.plantedD.havingbeenplanted五.考查非谓语动词作定语

不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语①Whowasthefirstperson

toraisethequestion?②Hewasthelastone

toleaveschool

yesterday.③Iwasthesecond

tobecalledin.被序数词，形容词最高级或only,last,next等词修饰的名词可用不定式作定语(4)Everybodyhastherighttogiveexpressiontohisfeelings.

ability,chance,courage,right等名词可接不定式作定语，来说明该名词的内容。(2011湖南卷)Theability____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressedC比较下面3个句子：(4)Ihaveareporttotype,butIambusy.(5)Ihaveareporttobetypedout.Anyvolunteer?(6)Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.虽然做定语的不定式和它所修饰的名词是被动关系，但不定式仍用主动：不定式的逻辑主语为主句主语。（例4）2.不定式作定语修饰名词，但不定式有自己的逻辑主语来表达主谓关系。（例6）2.现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关系”，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修饰的名词正在承受其动作(即与名词是动宾关系)

①Pleasetellthechildren

playing

outsidenot

tomakesomuchnoise.②

Thefactory

makingsuchtoolsisasmallonerunbyTom.③Theylivedinaroom

facingthesouth.④

Barking

dogsseldombite.⑤

Thebuilding

beingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.（=…whoareplaying)=...whichmakessuchtools=...whichisbeingbuilt

进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个含有被动语态的定语从句。

①

Someoftheexperiments____inthebookareeasytoperform.A.describingB.tobedescribedC.describedD.todescribe②ItissaidthatBeijingUniversitywasthefirstinstituteofhigherlearning_____inChina.A.establishedB.beingestablishedC.tobeestablishedD.havingbeenestablished

CAPractise1).Thewildflowerlookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_______thedesert.A.covingB.coveredC.coverD.tocover.2).Therehavebeenseveralnewevents_____totheprogramforthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.A.addB.toaddC.addingD.added3).Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.beingrecordedADA4).ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed5)—TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?

—_____.EvenTom_____tothetopstudentsfailedinit.

A.Yes;belongsB.No;belongedC.Yes;belongingD.No;belonging

CC6).Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海）

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt该题的谓语动词是attract，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰主语flowers。B3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：①Thequestion__________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofquiteimportance.②Thequestion_____________(discuss)atthemeetingnowisofquiteimportance.③Thequestion______________(discuss)atthemeetingtomorrowisofquiteimportance.discussedbeingdiscussedtobediscussed4.只有单个动名词能做定语，放在所修饰的名词前表示所修饰的名词的用途。

Thereisaswimmingpoolinthebackyard.Onlyafterrepeatedpracticecanweimproveourteachingmethod.注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作。

flyingfish

飞鱼

arunningdog

走狗

afallingtide

落潮

acryingboy

哭着的孩子(=apoolforswimming)(=amethodforteaching)(=Aboywhoiscrying)六、考查非谓语动词作状语

能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样类型的状语往往与他们在句中的意义有关。1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：He

hurried

home

only

to

find

his

money

stolen.

（结果状语）

To

make

himself

heard,

he

raised

his

voice.

（目的状语）All

of

us

are

surprised

to

see

his

rapid

progress.(原因状语)

不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语，在句末多作原因状语，结果状语。2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：

1)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.

2)Coming

into

the

room,

he

found

his

father

angry.

3)Being

tired,

they

went

on

working.

4)Having

been

hit

by

the

big

boy

on

the

nose,

thelittle

boy

began

to

cry.

5)He

put

a

finger

in

his

mouth,

tasted

it

and

smiled,

looking

rather

pleased.

（让步状语）（原因状语）（伴随状语）（条件状语）（时间状语）Practise1)When_______(heat)waterwillbechangedintovapour.While_______(heat)water,wecanchangeitintovapour.2)______(see)fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful._______(see)fromthehill,youwillfindthecitybeautiful.3)Generallyspeaking,when________(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.If________(take)thedrugaccordingtothedirections,youwillbebettersoon.

heatedheatingSeenSeeingtakentaking

3.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题

分词作状语时，大多数情况下分词和主句主语存在逻辑关系（主动或被动）；如果不存在，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构(或者使用状语从句)。

1)

Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hebeinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.

关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题，在试题中可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。

FTT(Trueorfalse)4.Thekey______，shewentthroughherhandbagcarefully.A.hadn’tbeenfoundB.havingnotbeenfoundC.nothavingbeenfoundD.wasn’tfoundC试题分析：

选项A、D均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。选项B是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否定形式，not必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。nothavingbeenfound同其逻辑主语thekey构成独立主格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语she不能充当分词的逻辑主语。5.______youshouldhavenotroublewiththedifficultwork.A.KnowingthisB.IfyouareknowingthisC.FromknowingthisD.IfyouhaveknowingthisA试题分析：分词作状语时一般都可以转换为状语从句。本试题的选项B、D作为条件状语从句，时态不正确，应该排除。选项A的knowingthis的逻辑主语同句子的主语一致，符合要求，为正确答案。

6.Writteninahurry,______________.Howcanitbesatisfactory?A.theyfoundmanymistakesinthereportB.SammadelotsofmistakesinthereportC.thereareplentyofmistakesinthereportD.thereportisfullofmistakesD试题分析：这时一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路——哪个句子的主语能够同过去分词written的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个思路向前走，不难想到thereportwaswritteninahurry,试题的答案不言自明。7).Inordertomakeourcitygreen,________.(02上海春季)A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplantC.ourcityneedsmoretrees D.wemustplantmoretreesD8)._____thegeneralstateofhishealth,itmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation.(00北京春季)A.Given B.Togive C.Giving D.Havinggiven9).HesentmeanE-mail,_____togetfurtherinformation.(00上海)A.hopedB.hopingC.tohope D.hopegiven作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于considering。注意hoping为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的toget…。BA4.表状态的过去分词作状语Worriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyumadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon.(2)Facedwithsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontime.(3)Tired,helistenedtotheteacherwithattention.beworriedabout;befacedwithbetired___andhappy,Tonystoodupandacceptedtheprize.SurprisingB.SurprisedC.BeingsurprisedD.Tobesurprising(2)___inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.A.HavinglostB.LostC.BeinglostD.LosingBB3.____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.HavingdressedA5现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别

1).Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_________itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)

A.makingB.makesC.makeD.tomake

2).Hehurriedtothestationonly________thatthetrainhadleft.(2005广东)A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound

AA现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果

1)._____thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making2).Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_____thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.tobetoldB.totoldC.toldD.telling3).Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedCAD4)._______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanycountryintheworld.A.BeingseparatedB.HavingseparatedC.HavingbeenseparatedD.tobeseparatedC1.不定式作表语：Ourplanistodigawellinthevillage.(主语和表语可互换，不定式表示的动作尚未发生。)

2.动名词作表语：（1）Wastingtimeiswastingthelife..（2）Ourworkisservingthepeople．(主语和表语可互换，动名词说明主语的性质或情况，陈述事实。)With

the

help

of

the

teacher,

the

students

are

practicing

the

idioms.

现在进行时3.分词做表语：

Thepieceofnewsis_______________.（令人失望的）Iamvery______________（失望的）

disappointing

disappointed表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等是及物动词,转化成分词相当是形容词，表示“令人…的”用-ing形式，表示感到…”用-ed形式delighting令人高兴的——delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的——disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的——encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的——pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的——puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的——satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的——surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的——worried感到担心的七、考查非谓语动词作表语

能作表语的有不定式、动名词和分词。

1).Itremains______whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.(2006浙江）

A.seenB.tobeseenC.seeingD.tosee2)Tomsoundsverymuch____inthejob,butI’mnotsurewhetherhecanmanageit.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestinglyD.interestedlyBA

3).Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_____itmoredifficult.(99N)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmaking D.donotmakeB

动词不定式短语tomakelifeeasier及nottomakeitmoredifficult都作purpose的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题。一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。

八、考查连词之后加分词

分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since,when,while,whenever,nomatterhow,once,until

等之后，可以看作是状语从句中的省略现象。1).Nomatterhowfrequently_____,theworksofBeethovenwillstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.A.performedB.performingC.tobeperformedD.beingperformingA2).When_____differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared3).Theresearchissodesignedthatonce______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begunCD九分词的独立主格结构大多数情况下分词作状语时其逻辑主语是主句的主语，然而在分词的独立主格结构是指分词有自己的逻辑主语，把作逻辑主语的名词或代词放在分词之前，在句子中常用作状语，表示时间，原因，条件等，它可以扩展为一个句子。Timepermitting,we’llgototheSummerPalace.Hismotherbeingill,hestayedathometolookafterher.Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Iftimepermits,…Becausehismotherwasill,……andhisfacewascoveredwithsweatAllflights_____becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.having