英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 1 People of Achievement第四讲单元知识回顾及优化集训 教案

单元知识回顾及优化集训目标导航目标导航单元知识回顾重点词汇1．crucialadj.至关重要的；关键性的2．vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的3．objectiven．目标；目的adj.客观的4．propertyn．性质；特征；财产5．boilvt.&vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n．沸腾；沸点6．liquidn．液体adj.液体的；液态的7．obtainvt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行8．acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢9．defeatn．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜10．apparentlyadv.显而易见；看来；显然11．insistvi.&vt.坚持；坚决要求12．mostlyadv.主要地；一般地13．circumstancen．[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况14．flown．流；流动；流畅；供应vi.流；流动15．foundvt.创建；建立；把……建立在16．infervt.推断；推定17．gentleadj.温柔的；文静的18．geniusn．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋19．passionn．酷爱；激情20．extraordinaryadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的21．graduallyadv.逐渐地；逐步地22．instituten．(教育、专业等)机构；机构建筑23．consequencen．结果；后果24．encountervt.偶然碰到；遇到n．邂逅；遭遇25．professorn．教授26．remarkableadj.非凡的；显著的27．sumvi.总结；概括n．金额；款项；总数；总和28．draftn．草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟词汇拓展1．commitvt.做出(错事或非法的事)；犯(罪或错等)；承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→commitmentn．投入；奉献；承诺2．academyn．(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校→academicadj.学业的；学术的3．evaluatevt.评价；评估→evaluationn．评价；评估4．analyse(NAmE-ze)vt.分析→analysis(pl.analyses)n．分析5．scientificadj.科学(上)的；关于科学的→sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家6．conclusionn．结论；推论→concludevt.断定；推断出7．novelistn．小说家→noveln．(长篇)小说adj.新颖的；新奇的8．politiciann．政治家；从政者；政客→politicsn．政治→politicaladj.政治的重点词组1．commitoneselftodo承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．insiston坚决要求3．cometopower(开始)掌权；上台4．takeupaposition担任；任职5．sumup总结；概括重点句型1．Inthebeginning，TuYouyouwenttoHainan，wheremalariawasmorecommon，tostudymalariapatients.在开始的时候，屠呦呦去了海南研究疟疾患者，在那里疟疾较为普遍。2．Later，themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients，mostofwhomrecovered.后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试，大多数患者都康复了。3．UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid，“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我。”4．ItisindeedanhonourforChina’sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中国的科学研究和中医药走向世界，确实是一种荣誉。5．Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair，whichsometimesstoodonendasthoughhehadjustreceivedanelectricshock.他留着浓密的胡须和长长的白发，有时白发挺立，就好像刚遭了电击。知识精讲知识精讲知识点01教材回扣Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分TheFreshmanChallengeThefirstweekofAdam’sseniorhighschoolwas1.(confuse)，becausewhichcoursestochoose2.(be)achallenge.However，hisadviserhelpedhimchoosesuitablecoursesandrecommendedthatheshouldsignup3.advancedliterature.Asforextra-curricular4.(activity)，hetriedtojointheschoolfootballteam5.failed.However，hewouldn’tquit.Hevolunteered6.(work)atthesoupkitchen.Nowheknowshewillstudy7.(hard)andgetusedtobeingresponsibleforalotmore.Though8.(worry)aboutkeepingupwith9.otherstudents，heisstillhappyandispreparedforuniversityor10.elsecomesinthefuture.【答案】1.confusing2.was3.for4.activities5.but6.towork7.harder8.worried9.the10.whateverⅡ.课文选词填空——复习本单元ReadingforWriting部分eq\x(generation，addict，focus，recommend，hobby，worry，online)DearWorriedFriend，Ihavereceivedyourlettertellingmethatyouare1.aboutChenLei，whospendstoomuchtime2.playngcomputergames.Itisnotunusualforteenagersofyour3.tobeattractedtocomputergames.Butspendingtoomuchtimeonlinemakesitdifficulttoconcentrateonimportantthings.Somestudentsevenget4.totheInternetandcan’t5.onschoollife.I6.thatyoushouldencourageyourfriendtotrynew7..Trytodiscusstheproblemwithhimfacetoface.I’msurehewilllistentoyou—hisbestfriend.Allthebest.SusanLuo【答案】1.worried2.online3.generation4.addicted5.focus6.recommend7.hobbies知识点2prefervt.较喜欢preferred；preferred先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theteenagevolunteerpreferredcleaningupthegreenhouseofhisschoolplayingmeaninglessvideogames.(2)Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefer(communicate)visually，forthoseusedtoworkingwithtraditionaltoolslikeemail，itmayfeellikealearningcurve(曲线)．(3)Shedidn’tlikeherdeskmate，soshewouldratherkeepsilentthan(talk)tohim.(4)Amongallthesubjects，Ihavea(prefer)forEnglish.【答案】1.to2.tocommunicate3.talk4.preference•prefersth.tosth.喜欢……而不喜欢……preferdoingsth.todoingsth.宁可做……而不愿做……prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.宁可做……而不愿做……•“宁可做……而不愿做……”还可以用以下结构：woulddo...ratherthando...wouldratherdo...thando...•preferencen．偏爱；偏爱的事物haveapreferencefor对……偏爱再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(5)青少年们宁愿待在家里玩电脑游戏而不愿参加户外活动。(应用文之议论文)①Teenagerswouldstayathomeplayingcomputergamesratherthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(woulddo...ratherthando...)②Teenagersprefertostayathomeplayingcomputergamesratherthantakepartinoutdooractivities.(prefertodo...ratherthando...)③Teenagerspreferstayingathomeplayingcomputergamestotakingpartinoutdooractivities.(preferdoing...todoing...)知识点3recommendvt.建议；推荐；介绍先练基础——句型转换/单句语法填空(1)Myadviserrecommendedsigningupforadvancedliterature.→MyadviserrecommendedthatIadvancedliterature.→Myadviserrecommendedmeadvancedliterature.(2)Doyouknowwhatclubthewomanisrecommendingtotheman?(3)IamwritingtorecommendTom，agraduatewhoisfluentinEnglish，yourassistant.(应用文之推荐信)【答案】1.(should)signupfor,tosignupfor2.to3.asrecommenddoingsth.建议做某事recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事recommendthatsb.(should)dosth.建议某人做某事recommendsth.tosb.向某人推荐某物recommendsb.as...推荐某人当……再提能力——完美写作·句型仿写·背诵(4)我强烈推荐的一首诗是孟浩然写的《春晓》。(应用文之推荐信)ThepoemIstronglyrecommendisDawnofSpringwrittenbyMengHaoran.①我强烈推荐的一本小说是吴承恩写的《西游记》(JourneytotheWest)。ThenovelIstronglyrecommendisJourneytotheWestwrittenbyWuCheng’en.②我强烈推荐的旅游胜地是位于山东省中部的泰山。ThetouristattractionIstronglyrecommendisMountTailocatedinthemiddleofShandongProvince.知识点4advancen．前进；发展vi.前进；发展先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Withthenightfalling，thefreshmenadvancedtheirdestination.(2)NexttimeyouvisitBob，remembertogivehimacalladvance.【答案】1.towards2.in•inadvance＝aheadoftime提前•advancetowardssb./sth.向着某人/某物前进•advancedadj.先进的；高级的advancedtechnology先进的技术再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)任何想要参加高级文学课程的人必须提前报名。Anyonewhowantstotaketheadvancedliteraturecoursemustsignupforitinadvance.知识点5responsibleadj.负责的；有责任的先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Asanadult，youshouldberesponsibleyourbehaviours.(2)Asanadult，youshouldtakeresponsibilityyourbehaviours.(3)Wearealldeeplymovedbytheceremony，fromwhichwerealizethatthesenseof(responsible)alwaysaccompaniestheprocessofourgrowth.(4)It’sourresponsibility(protect)ourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted.【答案】1.for2.for3.responsibility4.toprotect•beresponsibleforsth.对……负责•responsibilityn．责任；义务takeresponsibilityforsth.对……负责asenseofresponsibility责任感Itissb.’sresponsibilitytodosth.做某事是某人的职责。再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(5)我们应该对我们的行为负责，尽全力去保护环境。(应用文之倡议书)Wearesupposedtoberesponsibleforourownbehavioursandtryourbesttoprotecttheenvironment.知识点6schedulen．工作计划；日程安排vt.安排；预定先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Weshouldworkextrahoursontheprojecttocompleteitscheduleorevenaheadofschedule.(2)Thegraduationceremonyisscheduled(hold)onJune3.【答案】1.on2.tobeheld•onschedule按时aheadofschedule＝aheadoftime提前atightschedule日程紧•bescheduledtodosth.按计划要做某事再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)这个典礼定于6月8日举行，其间我们将会回顾以往的大事件。(2020·天津，书面表达)TheceremonyisscheduledtobeheldonJune8，duringwhichwewillreviewthepastevents.知识点7attractvt.吸引；引起……的注意或兴趣先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Theexpertwasattractedthenewsolutiontotheconfusingproblem.(2)Therearemanytourist(attract)inQufu，thehometownofConfucius.(3)Afewyearslater，still(attract)tothecountry，hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea【答案】1.to2.attractions3.attracted•beattractedto为……所吸引attractone’sattention/interest吸引某人的注意力/兴趣•attractionn．吸引人的事物touristattractions＝placesofinterest旅游胜地再提能力——完美写作·单句写作/完成句子·背诵(4)西湖，一处位于杭州的旅游胜地，每年吸引成千上万的游客。(应用文之推荐信)TheWestLake，atouristattractionlyinginHangzhou，attractsthousandsoftouristseveryyear.(5)这部冒险小说吸引了这个男孩的注意力，以至于他不能专心学习。Theadventurestoryattractedtheboy’sattentionsothathecouldn’tconcentrateonstudy.知识点8focusvi.&vt.集中(精力、注意力等)；(使)调节焦距n．中心；重点；焦点先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Toooften，whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech，youfocusthe“public”attheexpenseofthe“speaking”．(2)Duringyouth，manystudentstriedtheirbesttoattracttheattentionoftheoppositesexinsteadof(focus)theirattentionontheirstudies.(3)Theactorbecamethefocusaudiencebecauseofaterriblemistake，whichembarrassedhimgreatly.【答案】1.on/upon2.focusing3.of•focuson/upon集中于focusone’sattention/eyes/energy/efforton/upon...集中某人的注意力/目光/精力/努力于……•thefocusof...……的焦点•近义词组：concentrateon，centeron，payattentionto再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)深呼吸，放松自己，而不是专注于带给你压力的事情，你就会很快入睡。(应用文之建议信)Takeadeepbreathandrelaxyourselfinsteadoffocusingonwhatbringsyoustress，andyouwillfallasleepsoon.知识点9beaddictedto对……上瘾先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thesmarterachildis，thelesslikelyhegetsaddictedTV.(2)(addict)todrugsandalcoholscanruinagoodlife.【答案】1.to2.Addiction•addictedadj.入了迷的；上了瘾的•addictn．有瘾的人；入迷的人•addictionn．上瘾；热衷再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(3)随着越来越多的娱乐应用被安装在手机上，很多成年人对手机上瘾，从而影响了他们的工作和生活。Withanincreasingnumberofamusementapplicationsinstalledincellphones，manyadultsareaddictedtocellphones，thusinfluencingtheirworkandlife.知识点10thenexttime引导时间状语从句Sothenexttimeyoufeellikeyoudonotwanttodoboring，difficulthomeworkorgotoclass，thinkaboutthechildrenwhodon’thavethechancetogetagoodeducation.所以下一次你感到你不想做枯燥、有难度的作业或去上课时，想想那些没机会接受良好教育的孩子。•thenexttime作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“下一次……”。thefirsttime，nexttime，everytime，eachtime，thelasttime等，都可以作连词用，引导时间状语从句。•themoment，theminute，theinstant等也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。能力提升——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(1)每一次我遇到困难，你都会及时出现并给予我帮助。(应用文之感谢信)EverytimeIgotintotrouble，youwouldturnupintimeandgivemeahand.(2)一听到呼救声，他连外套都没穿就冲了出去。Themoment/minute/instantheheardtheshoutforhelp，herushedoutwithoutputtingonhiscoat.题组A基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题2分，共20分)1．Myfavoritehobbyisreadingbooksandnewspapers，whichhasbecomeapartofmydailyroutine.2．Thoughallhisfriendsblamedhim，hethathehaddonenothingwrong.3．Iwonderedwhomadethisdecisionandhowtheydrewtheir(结论)．4．Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlesson(后果)understress，theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.5．IhavetoyourgenerousassistancewheneverIamintrouble.6．Ifyoudon’tinsistonwhatyouaredoing，undernocircumstanceswillyouwhatyoudesire.7．Weshoulddevelopstudents’abilityto(分析)andsolveproblems.8．IholdthestrongbeliefthatIwon’tbe(打败)inthecontest.9．(创建)in1898，PekingUniversityenjoysagoodreputationworldwide.10．ItwasbychancethatI(遇到)myformerclassmateonthestreettheotherday.【答案】1.vital2.insisted3.conclusion4.consequences5.acknowledge6.obtain7.analyz(s)e8.defeated9.Founded10.encounteredⅡ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共10分)toeducation，heeveryminutetostudyingandteaching，sohisfinallypaidoff.(commit)12．Ithathedidn’ttellusthetruth，thatistosay，Icametothethathelied.(conclude)13．Thehasmadeachievementsin.(scientific)14．Throughmygreatefforts，IobtainedanqualificationattheChineseofScience.(academy)15．Asyouknow，ismymainmajoratuniversity，andasaconsequence，Imemorizemanypartiesand.(politician)【答案】11.Committed，committed，commitment12.concluded，conclusion13.scientist，scientific，science14.academic，Academy15.politics，political，politiciansⅢ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分)16．我要推荐你去西安旅行，那里有很多名胜古迹。(定语从句)(应用文之推荐信)IwillrecommendyoutovisitXi’an，.17．你会交到一些好朋友，他们大多数也喜欢打乒乓球。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)Youwillmakesomegoodfriends，.18．一听到这个消息，他难以抑制心中的兴奋，高兴地跳了起来。(upondoing...)(读后续写之兴奋心理描写)，hewasunabletocontrolhisexcitementandjumpedwithjoy.19．对于约翰来说，通过制作和卖爆米花来帮助伯纳德过更好的生活是一种莫大的荣幸。(honour，it作形式主语)(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)JohntohelpBernardtoliveabetterlifebymakingandsellingpopcorn.【答案】16.wherethereareagreatnumberofplacesofinterest17.mostofwhomarealsointerestedinplayingtabletennis18.Uponhearingthenews19.Itisagreathonourfor优化集训AClassifyingthingsiscriticalforourdailylives.Forexample，wehavetodetectspammails(垃圾邮件)，falsepoliticalnews.WhenweuseAI，suchtasksarebasedon“classificationtechnology”inmachinelearning—havingthecomputerlearn，usingtheboundaryseparatingpositiveandnegativedata.Forexample，“positive”datawouldbephotosincludingahappyface，and“negative”dataphotosthatincludeasadface.Onceaclassificationboundaryislearned，thecomputercandeterminewhetheracertaindataispositiveornegative.However，thedifficultywiththistechnologyisthatitrequiresbothpositiveandnegativedataforthelearningprocess，andnegativedataarenotavailableinmanycases.Forinstance，whenaretailer(零售商)istryingtopredictwhowillmakeapurchase，theycaneasilyfinddataoncustomerswhohavepurchasedfromthem(positivedata)，butitisbasicallyimpossibletoobtaindataoncustomerswhohaveneverpurchasedfromthem(negativedata)，sincetheydonothaveaccesstotheircompetitors’data.AccordingtoleadauthorTakashiIshidafromRIKENAIP，“Previousclassificationmethodscouldnotcopewiththesituationwherenegativedatawerenotavailable，butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.Usingournewmethod，wecanletcomputerslearnaclassifieronlyfrompositivedataequippedwithconfidence.”AccordingtoIshida，“Thisdiscoverycouldexpandtherangeofapplicationswhereclassificationtechnologycanbeused.Eveninfieldswheremachinelearninghasbeenactivelyused，ourclassificationtechnologycouldbeusedinnewsituationswhereonlypositivedatacanbegatheredduetodataregulationorbusinessconstraints(限制)．Inthenearfuture，wehopetoputourtechnologytouseinvariousresearchfields，suchasnaturallanguageprocessing，computervision，robotics，andbioinformatics.”语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章向我们说明了计算机分类技术在我们的生活中扮演了至关重要的角色。计算机分类技术可以区分出正面信息和负面信息，从而为我们过滤掉负面信息。1．Howcanthecomputerdistinguishthepositivedatafromthenegativedata?A．Bylearningtheclassificationboundary.B．Byupdatingthedatacollectedregularly.C．Byseparatinghappyfacesandsadones.D．Byintroducingclassificationtechnology.A【解析】细节理解题。由第一段倒数第一句可知，classificationboundary是区分正面信息和负面信息的关键。故A选项正确。2．WhyistheexamplementionedinParagraph2?A．Toprovehowimportantthepositivedataare.B．Toconfirmthatdataoncustomersarecomplete.C．Toarguethatretailersgettheircompetitors’data.D．Toexplainwhynegativedataarehardtoacquire.D【解析】推理判断题。由第二段的第一句可知，这种技术的困难在于它需要正负两方面数据，而在许多情况下我们很难获得负面数据。例如，零售商很难获得从来不在他这儿买东西的顾客的信息。文章举出这个例子是为了解释负面信息很难获得的原因。故D选项正确。3．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“newmethod”inParagraph3referto?A．Analyzingbuyingintention.B．Buildingaconfidencescore.C．Assessingtheactiverateofappusers.D．Equippingthecomputerwithconfidence.B【解析】词义猜测题。由第三段的“...butwehavemadeitpossibleforcomputerstolearnwithonlypositivedata，aslongaswehaveaconfidencescoreforourpositivedata，constructedfrominformationsuchasbuyingintentionortheactiverateofappusers.”可知，下文中的newmethod指的是“创建一个信心指数”。故B选项正确。4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheHistoryofClassificationTechnologyB．SmarterAI：MachineLearningWithoutNegativeDataC．BiggerData：ComputersAssistingLanguageProcessingD．TheComparisonBetweenPositiveDataandNegativeDataB【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是计算机通过学习分类技术可以区分出正面信息和负面信息。并结合第三段末句和第四段的第二句的内容可知，B选项适合作文章标题。BStudentloan(贷款)debthasbecomeaworldwideproblem.InAmerica，thecountry’soverallstudentdebtreachedarecordof$1.6trillionin2019.Theaveragepersonwithstudentloandebtowedbetween$20,000and$25,000.ArecentJapanesegovernmentreportsaysithasbeenlendingover$9billionyearlytostudentssince2010.SimilarconditionsexistinAfricaandSouthAmerica.Severalfactorsaccountforhighstudentloandebt.Oneisthatemployerseverywherehaveincreasedtheirdemandsforskilledworkers，makinghighereducationarequirementformanyjobs.Thestudents，however，aftergraduation，oftenfindthattheircountry’seconomyisnotstrongenoughtosupporttheirfinancialneeds，sotheirabilitytopaybacktheloanbecomesaproblem.Tosolvetheproblem，manycountriesareseekingtheirways.Australiahasdevelopedasystemwherestudentsdonothavetopayanythingbackuntiltheyareearningatleast$40,000ayear.InAmerica，severalcandidatesrunningforpresidentinthe2020electionhaveofferedmoreextremesolutionsthatalloratleastsomeoftheseloanswillbeforgiven.Someprofessorsinseveraluniversitiesrecentlystudiedwhattheeffectsofdebtforgivenessmightbe.Theyfoundthat，overall，suddendebtreliefgreatlyimprovedtheborrowers’lives.Notonlydidtheyhavemoremoney，buttheyweremorelikelytomovetoanewareaandseekbetterpayingwork.Yettheprofessors’researchdoesn’tincludewhatmighthappentofinancialinstitutionsortheoveralleconomyifdebtweretotallyforgiven.Itonlylooksathowdebtforgivenesswouldhelptheborrowers.Theywarnofsomeotherpossiblenegativeeffects.Ifaborrowerknewthatifheranintoanytroublehewouldbesavedbecausehecouldgetthedebtrelief，thenhemightactuallybecomemorereckless(轻率的)withhisborrowinginthefuture.Nomatterwhat，theprofessorsagreethatifcountriesdodecidetoapprovesomestudentdebtrelief，theneedieststudentsshouldbehelpedfirst.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生债务已成为全球性问题，对此各国都在寻求解决方案。1．Howdoestheauthorintroducetheproblemofstudentloan?A．Bymakingacomparison.B．Bymakingclassifications.C．Bypresentingsomestatistics.D．Bysettingdowngeneralrules.C【解析】推理判断题。由第一段的内容可推知，作者通过列举一些统计数据介绍学生贷款的问题。故选C项。2．Whatcanwelearnaboutstudentloandebtrelief?A．Itwillsurelyprovidesomebenefitstoborrowers.B．IthasalreadybeencarriedoutintheUnitedStates.C．Itaimstoencouragemorestudentstoborrowmoney.D．Itwillpreventapersonfromlandingawell-payingjob.A【解析】推理判断题。由倒数第三段的最后两句内容可知，债务减免肯定会给借款人带来一些好处。故选A项。3．Whatistheprofessors’attitudetodebtforgiveness?A．Uncaring. B．Positive.C．Disapproving. D．Cautious.D【解析】观点态度题。根据第四段的内容可知，教授们认为免除学生债务是有好处的。再根据第五段可知，他们警告说，还有其他一些可能的负面影响。由此判断出，教授们对债务免除的态度是谨慎的。故选D项。4．What’sthemainideaofthetext?A．Studentloandebtisthemostseriousproblemworldwide.B．Studentloandebttendstopulltheneedyoutoftrouble.C．Growingglobalstudentdebtfuelssearchforsolutions.D．Peopleholddifferentopinionsondebtforgiveness.C【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了学生债务已成为全球性问题，对此各国都在寻求解决方案。故选C项。Ⅱ.七选五Asthecoronavirusoutbreakcontinues，manyAmericansarefearfulofusingpublictransportation.Theyarealsolookingforwaystogetexercisewithouthavingtogotoagym，aswellaswaystoenjoytheoutdoors.1IntheUnitedStates，bicyclesatbigstoreslikeWalmarthavesoldout.Andsmallbicyclestorescannotkeepupwithdemandfor“family-style”bicycles：thelow-cost，easy-to-ridemodels.Thebicycleindustryisseeingitsbiggestsalesincreasesincetheoilcrisisofthe1970s.TheincreaseinbicycledemandbeganinMarchascountriesbegantoclosedown.2Allbicyclesales，includingthoseforchildren，areup100percentfromtheyearbefore.3CitieslikeManilainthePhilippinesandRome，Italyhavecreatedbicyclepathsforthegrowingnumberofpeoplewhowanttoavoidpublictransportation.InLondon，cityofficialsplantobarcarsfromsomecentralroads.Ofcourse，youcanonlybuyabicycleifyoucanfindonebicycle.IntheU．S.，theshortagesnowmeanitmaytakemanymonthstogetone.4TheU．S.buys90percentofitsbicyclesfromChina.BicyclefactoriestherewereshutdowntostopthespreadofCOVID-19.InBarHarbor，Maine，BrianSmithboughtanewbicycleforoneofhisdaughters.Sheisacompetitiveswimmerwhocouldnotgettothepooltopractice.Hisfamilynowgoesforridesseveraltimesaday.Bicyclinghelpsthemallgetexerciseandenjoythefreshair.5“It’sfun.Maybethat’sthebottomline.It’sreallyfuntoridebikes，”Smithsaid.A．Butwhat’sthebiggestreasonwhytheygoonrides?B．Highdemandisnottheonlyreasonfortheshortage.C．Thenwhohasbenefitedgreatestfromridingbikes?D．TheriseinbicyclesalesisnothappeningjustintheUnitedStates.E．InApril，thesaleofbicyclesforadultsincreased200percentintheUnitedStates.F．However，nobicycleshavebeenimportedfromabroadlikeChinasincetheendoflastyear.G．So，itmaynotbesurprisingthatthepandemic(流行病)hasledtoamajorincreaseinbicyclesales.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章指出因为新冠肺炎的传播，许多美国人不敢搭乘公共交通出行，转而选择自行车作为新的出行方式，这一情况导致美国自行车市场紧俏。1．G【解析】本段在描述文章背景，指出人们在寻找户外锻炼的新方式，下文则转入了对自行车相关的描述，G选项“所以，流行病导致自行车销量大增，可能并不让人感到奇怪”贴合给出的背景，且承上启下，引出了后文内容。故选G项。2．E【解析】空格前指出随着三月份诸多国家开始封锁，自行车的需求就开始增加。E选项“在四月，美国成年人的自行车销量增加了200%”符合时间顺序，且与后句都可以作为自行车销量增长的数据佐证，符合文意。故选E项。3．D【解析】本段列举了菲律宾的马尼拉、意大利的罗马以及伦敦，以说明这些地区的自行车数量都有所增加。D选项“自行车销量增长并不只是发生在美国”适合置于段首，作为本段的主题句。故选D项。4．B【解析】空格前句指出在美国自行车货源短缺的情况。B选项“高需求并不是货源短缺的唯一原因”可以自然地引出后文对自行车货源短缺的另一种解释，即因为中国工厂疫情期间的关闭导致断了货源。故选B项。5．A【解析】这里空格前句在叙述骑自行车给人们带来的好处。A选项“但他们骑自行车的最大原因是什么呢？”承接前文进行发问，其后则以“It’sfun.”作为回答，符合结构和文意。故选A项。第二节阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WuZetian，theonlywomanemperortoruleancientChina，isconsidered1.oneofthemostpowerfulwomeninChinesehistory.Shewasbornintoa(n)2.(wealth)familywithgreatbeautyandintelligence.Thisbeautifulgirl，unlikeothersinancientChina,3.(be)infavourofreadingandoftentravelledaroundthecountrywithherfatherwhenshewasyoung,4.increasedherknowledgeanddevelopedhertalents.Whenshewasaboutfourteen，she5.(send)tothepalaceandmarriedtotheEmperor.Aftermanydifficultiesandhardships，she6.(successful)madeherselfqueen.AfewyearsafterEmperorGaozongdied，WuZetianchangedthenameofthedynastyTangtoZhou，andbecameEmpress.7.seemedlikeahardtaskforwomentoberulersinancienttimes，butWuZetiansucceeded.Whensheruledthecountry，shesupportedeconomicandcultural8.(develop)andimprovedpeople’slivingquality.Shealsoencouragedgirlstogotoschool9.(study)．Beforethen，girlswerenotallowedtogotoschool.WuZetiandiedattheageof82,10.(leave)agravestonewithoutanywordsonit.AlthoughtheZhouDynastyonlylastedforonegeneration，itmarkedanimportantperiodinChinesehistory.eq\x(语篇解读本文介绍了中国历史上唯一的女皇帝武则天的生平事迹。)1.as【解析】考查介词。beconsideredas...意为“被认为是……”。2.wealthy【解析】考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰名词family，表示“富裕的”，故填wealthy。3.was【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。设空处所在句主语为Thisbeautifulgirl，谓语应用单数形式，且由whenshewasyoung可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填was。4.which【解析】考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明“Thisbeautifulgirl...whenshewasyoung”这件事，故填which。5.wassent【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。she与send之间是被动关系，且由Whenshewasaboutfourteen可知，send所表示的动作发生在过去，故填wassent。6.successfully【解析】考查副词。设空处作状语修饰动词made，故填successfully。7.It【解析】考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是toberulersinancienttimes，故填It。8.development【解析】考查名词。设空处作宾语，表示“发展”，故填development。9.tostudy【解析】考查不定式作目的状语的用法。女孩子们去上学的目的是学习，girls与study之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填tostudy。10.leaving【解析】考查现在分词作状语的用法。设空处作状语，WuZetian与leave之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且leave所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填leaving。阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。WhenIwasfouryearsold，Igotstung(刺痛)byabeetwiceinoneweek!Afterthat，Ihadafearofbees.WhenIsawbeesorheardanysoundfrombees，Ifledawayimmediately.ThatwaswhymyparentssuggestedthatIlearnaboutbeesinsteadofbeingfrightened.Iwenttolibrariestoborrowsomebooks