(20)-6.1 发达国家的贸易政策

Chapter6:tradestrategiesfordifferentcountries第6讲不同国家的贸易战略6.1TradePoliciesfortheDevelopedNations6.1发达国家的贸易政策热点新闻：中美贸易战2018年7月11日美国政府宣布对从中国进口的约2000亿美元商品加征10%关税，8月2日又将加征税率提高至25%。新闻链接：任泽平：对中美贸易战的几个基本认识和判断/a/234217653_313170不见硝烟的“世界大战”——贸易战完整时间轴（更新版）/a/255366875_718262思考：美国特朗普政府发起对中国贸易战的背景和原因是什么？美国对进口自中国的商品加关税，对美国和中国分别意味着什么？一国制定贸易政策，需要考虑哪些因素？一国的贸易政策需要适应本国经济状况本国不同利益群体的诉求developedcountries&developingcountriesUsuallyclassifiedaccordingtorealincomepercapitadevelopedcountries：arethoseofNorthAmericaandWesternEurope,plusAustralia,NewZealand,andJapan.developingnations:aremostofthoseinAfrica,Asia,LatinAmerica,andtheMiddleEast.tradepoliciesofdevelopedcountries:

freevsprotectiveWavesofglobalizationFirstWaveofGlobalization:1870–1914WordwarⅠ（1914-1918）、TheGreatDepression（1929-1933）andWordwarⅡ（1939-1945）SecondWaveofGlobalization:1945–1980Richcountriesclub；agglomerationeconomiesLatestWaveofGlobalizationSomedevelopingcountriesareinternationalized,othersaremarginalizedandbecomepoorer.Internationalcapitalflowshaveincreasedsignificantly©2011CengageLearning.AllRightsReserved.Maynotbecopied,scanned,orduplicated,inwholeorinpart,exceptforuseaspermittedinalicensedistributedwithacertainproductorserviceorotherwiseonapassword‐protectedwebsiteforclassroomuse7U.S.tariffhistory:averagetariffratesPresidentDonaldTrump：AmericaFirstProtectAmericanlaborwithdrawalfromtheTPPtradewaragainstChinamanufacturingbacktoAmericastrengtheningofimmigrationcensorship参见美国驻华大使馆和领事馆，“美国优先”外交政策：/zh/america-first-foreign-policy-2/Whyprotectionism?ThebackgroundTheinternationalbackgroundGlobalrevivalofnationalismDomesticbackgroundTheRustBeltandbluecollarworkersGlobalizationhasbroughttremendousdevelopmenttotheworldChinahasgainedalotfromglobalizationsinceits