Unit4HistoryAndTraditions（教学课件）-高中英语人教版-1

UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS重点单词短语讲练1.surroundvt.围绕;包围◆单句填空①Thehungrybearfollowedhisnosetoourcamp,which

(surround)byahighwirefence②Stevearrivedandsatinthefrontrow,surrounded

hisfamily.③Determiningwhereweareinrelationtoour

(sur-

round)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvivalwassurroundedbysurroundingsyourselfSurroundedbyEurope点拨surroundoneselfwithsb./sth.喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)besurroundedby...被……包围(2)surroundingadj.周围的(3)surroundingsn.环境2.chargen.收费;指控;主管vt.收费;控告;充电vi.向……方向冲去◆单句填空①Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthree

centswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwell-knownpapers

(charge)fiveorsixcents.(2019课标全国Ⅲ)②Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestand

(charge)towardme.③Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof

whatitused

(charge).chargedchargestocharge④Dependingonthetypeofallergiesand/ordietaryrequirements,

extrachargemaybemadeforprovidingspecialfood.◆完成句子⑤约翰,你会同意负责这项工作吗?

John,willyouagreeto

thework?(2020全国新高考

Ⅰ)antakechargeof◆同义句改写⑥PolicehavechargedMr.Bellwithmurder.(用accuse改写)→Police

murder.⑦Heisinchargeoftheclass.→Theclass

him.(用Theclass作主语改写)→He

theclass.(用He作主语改写)◆句式升级⑧Mr.Bell,whoisinchargeoftheclass,

bypolice.(用定语从句连接⑥⑦原句)haveaccusedMr.Bellofisinthechargeoftakeschargeofhasbeenchargedwithmurder点拨……罪(2)freeofcharge免费inthechargeof被……掌管;由……负责inchargeof掌管(强调状态)takechargeof掌管(强调动作)易错(1)inchargeofsth.意为“(某人)负责,掌管”,表示主动;inthechargeofsb./insb.'scharge意为“(某事)由某人负责/掌管”,表示被动。(2)类似短语有:inpossessionof意为“占有”,表示主动;inthepossessionof意

为“被……占有”,表示被动。incontrolof意为“管理,控制”,表示主动;in

thecontrolof意为“由……管理/控制”,表示被动。3.announcevt.宣布;通知;声称◆单句填空①Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibrary

(announcement)onyoursocialmedia.(2020课标全国Ⅱ)②Hesaidtheluckywomanwillbe

(announce)onthewebsiteandthetripwillbesharedonline.③Astheceremonywasnearingtheend,Isuddenlyheardtheheadcoach

(announce),“ThehighesthonorgoestoCathyannouncementsannouncedannouncing④Thegovernmentyesterdayannounced

themediaplanstocreateamillionnewjobs.◆同义句改写⑤Peopleannouncedthatnewspeedrestrictionswouldbeintroduced.(用it作形

式主语)→

newspeedrestrictionswouldbeintroduced.toItwasannouncedthat点拨(1)Itis/wasannouncedthat...据称……;据宣布……announcetosb.sth./that...向某人宣布……(2)announcementn.公告;宣布makeanannouncement下通知;宣布易错announce后不跟双宾语,即不能说announcesb.sth.,可以说announcetosb.

sth.。类似不接双宾语的动词还有explain、say、report、describe、suggest、

mention、express等。易混(1)announce指把人们关心或感兴趣的事情公布于众,尤其是新闻之类的消

息。(2)declare多指正式地当众发布某件大事、要闻或官方立场、态度等,常用于

宣战、议和或宣判。4.approachn.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;接洽;着手处理vi.靠近◆赏句猜义①Ifachildapproacheshim,hewillpausetogivethatchildhisundividedatten-

tion.(2019天津)

②Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.

③Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportingandde-

velopingagroupoftools,appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammers

fromgettingthrough.(2019北京)

接近接洽方法接近接近方法approachedapproachesto◆完成句子⑩所以我慢慢地接近不速之客,隔着栅栏,朝它脸上喷了一口。(approach)SoI

and,throughthefence,sprayedhimintheface.(2020浙江)approachedouruninvitedguestslowly点拨makeanapproachto要求;建议anapproachto(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法联想justaround/roundthecorner(时间上)临近地,马上,快要;(距离上)紧邻地,很近

地5.crowdn.人群;一群人;民众vt.挤满;使……拥挤◆单句填空①Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollow

crowd.Andthecrowddesiresonlythecalmandrestfulaverage.(2020天津)②DoesKilimanjarodeserveitsreputationasa

(crowd)mountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?(2019课标全国Ⅰ)thecrowdedwithwascrowdedcrowds◆完成句子⑥穿过一群人后,我终于找到了地铁的一个出口。After

,Ifinallyfoundaexitofthesubway.makingmywaythroughacrowdof/crowdsofpeople点拨(1)acrowdof=crowdsof一大群;一群人thecrowd人群(2)crowdin/into(想法、问题等)涌上心头;涌入脑海crowdaround/round(sb./sth.)聚集在某人/物周围;聚拢(3)crowdedadj.拥挤的becrowdedwith充满,挤满downup③Herfriendscametohelpherwhenthewarbroke

.(2017浙江)④Ididn'tknowwheretogoandhowtofindcouragetobreak

thebarriersthatwereholdingmeback.⑤Therewasnoonenearbywhomightseehimtryingtobreak

thehouse.◆完成句子⑥他去年脱离了我们公司,此后,我再也没有见过他。He

lastyear,sincethenIhaveseenhimnomore.outthroughinto点拨breakdown打倒;分解;出故障breakin强行进入;插嘴,打断breakinto强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等)breakout(战争、火灾、疾病等)突然发生,爆发breakthrough冲突;突破;克服;战胜breakup拆开;结束2.belongto属于◆单句填空①AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.Thetwo

(belong)together.②Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybe-

long

aparticulargroup.③Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantly

greatersenseof

(belong),abondwithothers.(2018课标全国Ⅱ)belongtobelongingbelongings◆一句多译老虎是一种大而凶猛的动物,属于猫科。→⑤Atigerisalargefierceanimal

thecatfamily.(现

在分词短语作定语)→⑥Atigerisalargefierceanimal

thecatfamily.(定

语从句)belongingtowhich/thatbelongsto点拨(1)belongvi.应在(某处);适应(2)belongingn.归属感asenseofbelonging归属感(3)belongingsn.财产;所有物易错belongto无被动语态,无进行时,后接名词或代词宾格。联想类似belongto,不能用于进行时态和被动语态的短语还有:datebackto/datefrom(追溯到),consistof(包括),takeplace(发生)等。wasgivenasteaches◆同义句改写④Theworkerswanttoreduceworkinghoursaswellasincreasetheirpay.→

,buttheyalsowanttoreduceworkinghours.(用notonly...butalso...和倒装结构改写)Notonlydotheworkerswanttoincreasetheirpay点拨(1)aswellas用作连词,连接两个并列的成分,如名词、形容词等,通常不位于

句首。(2)当主语含有aswellas时,谓语动词要和aswellas前面的主语在数上保持一

致。类似用法的还有togetherwith、alongwith、with、besides、but、ex-

cept、including、ratherthan等。(3)aswellas作介词,相当于besides、inadditionto,意为“除……之外(还有…

…)”,后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式。(4)aswell意为“也;又;而且”,相当于too、also。may/mightaswell表示委婉的建议,一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议,意为“不妨……,还是……

吧”。1.ifany省略句教材原句Sowhatisthedifferencebetweenthem,ifany?◆同义句改写①And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld'sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelieveth-ereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,ifever.(2020北京)→And,havingspokentomanyoftheworld’sforemostAIresearchers,Ibelieve

thereisgoodreasontodoubtthatwewillseeAGIanytimesoon,

.(改成完整句)ifthereisever②Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybe

surprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.→Hasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?

,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.(改成完整句)③Ifitispossible,youshouldtryitoncemore.→

,youshouldtryitoncemore.(改成省略句)IfitissoIfpossible④Washitinwaterandpickoutthesmallparticles,ifthereareany.→Washitinwaterandpickoutthesmallparticles,

.(改成省略句)◆完成句子⑤如果你方便的话,我们8:30在校门口外面见面。如果不方便,让我知道什么

时间最适合你。Ifit‘sconvenientforyou,let’smeetat8:30outsidetheschoolgate.

.ifanyIfnot,letmeknowwhattimesuitsyoubest点拨该句中,ifany相当于ifthereisanydifference。当状语从句的主语是it/therebe

句型时,从句的主语和谓语部分的be或therebe可以省略。联想if构成的其他省略形式:ifso如果这样的话ifever如果曾经有的话ifnot如果不是的话ifnecessary如果必要的话ifpossible如果可能的话引导状语从句教材原句ThecapitalcityLondonisagreatplacetostart,asitisanancientportcitythat

hasahistorydatingallthewaybacktoRomantimes.◆单句填空①WheninRome,do

theRomansdo.②

isknowntousall