Unit4Wordsandexpressions课件-高中英语人教版选择性

Unit4

WordsandExpressionsvary

v.(根据情况)变化；改变1.MydoctorsaidIshouldvarymydiet.

医生说我应该使日常饮食更加多样化。2.Theheightsoftheseplantsvarybetween8cmand20cm.

这些植物的高度从8厘米到20厘米不等。3.Thediamondsvary

insize,sotheyhavedifferentprices.

钻石大小不同，所以价格也不同。4.Avarietyofdatahavebeencollectedfromvarioussources.

种类繁多的数据是从各方面搜集来的。5.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,

awidevarietyofapples.

参观苹果节是一次能够看到而且通常是能够品尝多种多样苹果的好机会。①

varyfrom...to...由……到……不等

varyin...在……(大小、形状等)上不同

varywith...随……而变化②

various

adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的③

variety

n.种种；多样化

avarietyof/varietiesof种种；各种各样的①Cherriesvary

colourfromalmostblacktoyellow.②Whetheritisinthepast,atpresent,orinthefuture,timewouldnotvarythedevelopmentoftheworld.③Overthepastfiveyears，hehasbeendevotedtoa

(vary)ofconstructionprojectsinAfrica.④Thefriendshipbetweenthepeopleofthetwocountrieshasbeenstrengthenedthrough

(vary)means.⑤Houseprices

andareusuallyhighwheretherearefamousschools.各个地方房价不一，通常有名校的地方房价就高。。单句语法填空/完成句子inwithvarietyvariousvary

from

place

to

placeappropriate

adj.合适的；恰当的1.Itisanappropriatetimetomakeaspeech.

这是发表演讲的合适时间。2.Hisclotheswerenotappropriate

forsuchaseason.

他的衣服不适宜在这样的季节穿。3.Itwasappropriatethatshe(should)keepsilentatthetime.

当时她保持沉默是合适的。4.Theoldwomanknewhowtodressherselfappropriatelyeveryday.

这个老太太知道如何每天得体地穿着。①

beappropriateto/for适合于

beappropriate(forsb.)todosth.(某人)做某事是合适的

Itis/wasappropriatethatsb.(should)do...某人做……是合适的。②

appropriately

adv.适当地；恰当地①Thebookwaswritteninastyleappropriate

theageofthechildren.②It’snecessaryforyoutomakeyourchildknowthatyouexpecthimtoact

(appropriate)towardsotherpeople.③Itisappropriateforus

(enjoy)natureandtastelife,whichbringsusenormousbenefit.④Itisentirelyappropriatethathismusic

(play)atthisfestival.⑤Weneedtoensuretheeducationthestudentsreceiveis

.我们需要确保学生们所接受的教育符合他们的需要。

单句语法填空/完成句子for/toappropriatelyto

enjoy(should)

be

playedappropriate

to

theirneedsapprove

v.赞成；同意.批准；通过1.ThecourseisapprovedbytheMinistryofEducation.

该课程已获教育部核准。2.Idon’treallyapprove

ofchildrenwearingmake-up.

我不赞成孩子化妆。3.Itisincrediblethatmysonhasmadesuchanimportantdecisionwithoutmyapproval.

我儿子未经我的许可就做了如此重要的决定，真是让人难以置信。4.Therewardingjobwonhimmanyapprovingglances.

这个有益的工作为他赢得了许多赞许的目光。①

approveof(sb./sb.’s)doingsth.赞成/同意某人做某事②

approval

n.赞成；通过；同意；认可；批准

meetwithone’sapproval得到某人的赞许

giveone’sapprovaltosth.批准某事③

approving

adj.赞许的；许可的

disapprove

v.不赞成；不同意①Iapproveofyou

(try)tomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.②Iwouldappreciateitifmyapplicationcouldgetyour

(approve).③Shewantedtotrainforthetheatrebutherparents

(approve)ofherintention.④Asurveyshowsthatnotallparents

theweekendclasses.一项调查显示，并不是所有的父母都赞成他们的孩子上周末班。单句语法填空/完成句子tryingapprovaldisapprovedapprove

of

their

children

attendingwitness

v.当场看到，目击；见证

n.目击者，证人1.Severalresidentsclaimedtohavewitnessedtheattack.

几个居民声称他们亲眼目睹那起袭击事件。2.Onewitnesstotheaccidentsaidthedriverappearedtobedrunk.

那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝醉了。3.Peterdecidedtoappearas(a)witnessfortheprosecution.

彼得决定出庭为原告作证。①

witnesssth.目击某事②

be(a)witnesstosth.目击/看见某事发生

bear/givewitness(tosth.)(为某事/物)作证；证明(某事/物)①Manypeople

(witness)thecaraccident,soitwasnotdifficulttoinvestigate.②Policehaveappealedfor

(witness)totheaccident.③Onewitness

theaccidentsaidthetwodriversworeidenticalcoats.④Theseartworks

thecreativenessoftheChinesepeople.这些艺术作品是中国人民创造性的见证。

单句语法填空/完成句子witnessedwitnessestogive

witness

toemploy

v.使用；应用；雇用①

employsb.as...雇用某人当……

employsb.todosth.雇用某人做某事employonselfindoingsth/beemployedindoingsth从事于/忙于(做)某事②

employer

n.雇用者；雇主；老板

employee

n.雇工；雇员

employment

n.职业；工作；使用单句语法填空/完成句子employedasto

takeinemploymentemployeesThe

scientist

has

been

employed

in

researchingdiffer

v.相异；不同于1.Customsdifferindifferentcountries.

各国风俗不同。2.Thetwinsdifferfromeachotherincharacter.

这对双胞胎性格迥异。3.Ihavetodifferwithyouonthat.

在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。4.Onefalsestepwillmakeagreat

difference.

失之毫厘，差之千里。5.LondonwasdifferentfrommostEuropeancapitals.

伦敦与大多数的欧洲首都城市不同。①

differfrom...和……不同

differin...在……方面不同

differwithsb.on/about/over...在……上不同意某人的看法②

difference

n.不同；差异

makea/nodifferencetosb./sth.对某人/某物有/没有影响

tellthedifferencebetweenAandB(=tellAandBapart)区分A和B③differentadj.不同的；有区别的bedifferentfrom...与……不同①Thetwonationsdiffer

thecultureandclimate.②Thatfashionindifferentcountriesdiffers

eachotherreflectstheculturaldifferences.③Inourdailylife,everyonefailseverynowandthen.Itishowyoureactthatmakesa

(different).④BritishEnglishis

(differ)fromAmericanEnglishinpronunciationandspelling.⑤People

intheirabilitytohandlestress.人们应对压力的能力各不相同。

单句语法填空/完成句子infromdifferencedifferentdiffer

from

one

anotherfavour=favor

v.较喜欢；选择；有利于

n.帮助；恩惠；赞同1.Thepresidentisbelievedtofavourfurthertaxcuts.

人们认为总统会赞同进一步减税。2.Shealwaysfavoursheryoungestchild.

她总是偏爱她最小的孩子。3.CanIaskafavourofyou?=CanIaskyouafavour?

我能请您帮个忙吗?4.Ateachershouldn’tshowtoomuchfavour

tooneofhisstudents.

老师不应该太偏袒他的某一个学生。5.Fromhissatisfiedexpression,weconcludedthathewasinfavouroftheplan.

从他满意的神情来看，我们断定他支持这个计划。6.

Favourablepoliciesareineffecttoencourageemployees’professionaldevelopment.

优惠政策有效地鼓励了员工的职业发展。①

dosb.afavour帮某人忙

showfavourtosb.偏袒某人

asksb.afavour

=

askafavourofsb.请某人帮忙

infavourof赞成；支持

insb.’sfavour对某人有利

owesb.afavour欠某人人情②

favourable

adj.赞同的；有利的

favourite

adj.最喜欢的n.心爱的人/物

单句语法填空/完成句子favourablefavouritefavours

thosedo

me

a

favourin

favour

ofin

her

favourbreakdown消除；分解；打破；失败；被搞垮；出故障1.Theyfinallybrokedowntheirlong-standingmisunderstandingagainsteachotherandbecamefriendsagain.

他们两人终于解开了长期存在的误解，重归于好。2.Thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport.

车在去机场的路上抛锚了。3.Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyouworktoohard.

若工作太累，你的身体会垮的。4.Thepeacetalkbrokedownwithnoagreementreached.

和平会谈失败，没有达成任何协议。breakaway(from)离开；脱离breakout(火灾、战争等)突然爆发breakinto破门而入；突然……起来breakin打断；插嘴；破门而入breakup破碎；(使关系等)破裂；驱散；解散；分拆，分解breakthrough冲破；突破

写出下列句子中breakdown的含义/完成句子垮掉分解出故障消除⑤Ittakesalongtimeto

prejudices.

消除偏见需要很长时间。⑥AsthePresident’scararrived,thecrowd

loudapplause.

总统的汽车到达时，人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。⑦Whenthenewscamethatthewar

,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.

当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定到军队中服役。⑧MaryandJohnweregoodfriendsbutthentheyhadaquarreland

.

玛丽和约翰原来是好朋友，但后来吵了一架便绝交了。写出下列句子中breakdown的含义/完成句子break

downbroke

intobroke

outbroke

upreliable

adj.可靠的；可信赖的rely依靠；依赖；信赖；信任relyon/upon

=

dependon/upon依靠；信任；依赖relyonitthat...相信……①Inordertoensurechildren’shealth,wearedeterminedtoprovidemilkproductswith

(rely)sources.②Youcanrelyonhim

(help)youwhenyouareintrouble.③Thegoodthingaboutchildrenisthattheyadaptveryeasilytonewenvironmentsandtheycanlearntorely

themselvesquickly.④Don’talwaysrelyon

thatotherswilllendyouahandwhenyou’reintrouble.Dodependonyourself.⑤Currently,investorsdonotalwayshaveaccessto

whentheyneedit.目前，投资者在需要的时候并不总是能够获得可靠的信息。单句语法填空/完成句子reliableto

helpon/uponitreliable

informationtrial

n.&v.审判；审讯；试验；试用1.He’sstandingtrialforthieving.

他正因涉嫌偷窃而接受审判。2.Weshallputthemachinetofurthertrial.

我们将进一步试验这部机器。3.Sheagreedtoemploymeforatrialperiod.

她同意试用我一段时间。4.Manydrugswerefoundbytrialanderror.

许多药物都是经过反复试验后才被发现的。atrialperiod试用期beontrial在受审；在试验中standtrialfor...因……而受审trialanderror反复试验①Therobberisstill

trialatpresent.②Newcarshaveseveralsevere

(trial)beforetheyareputonthemarket.③Yourrequestforsoleagencyfo

trialperiodofhalfayearisunderdiscussion.④Welearn,inasense,by

.从某种意义上说，我们是通过反复试验、不断犯错来学习的。单句语法填空/完成句子ontrialsatrial

and

errorassessment

n.评价；评定1.Theassessmentsoundsreasonableandisprobablyclosetothetruth.

评估合情合理，几乎接近事实。2.Aftertheflood,theyassessedthelossat10million.

洪水过后，他们估算损失为一千万元。3.Theyoungmenwereassessedaseithersafeorunsafedrivers.

这些年轻人被评定为谨慎驾驶员和不谨慎驾驶员两类。①

makeanassessmentof对……作出评估②

assess

v.评定；评估；估算

assesssth.at估价为……

assesssb./sth.(assth.)评估，评定(性质、质量)单句语法填空/完成句子assessmentatto

assessmakeanassessmentstraightenup直起来；整理；收拾整齐1.Mumtoldmetostraightenupmyroom.

妈妈告诉我整理一下我的房间。2.Hewouldmakeanappointmentwithhimtostraightenoutacoupleofthings.

他想同他安排一次会面以理清几件事情。straightenout(使)变直；(使)变正；理清，整顿(混乱的局面)①Heremainedbentoverforseveralsecondsbeforeslowly

.

他保持弯腰姿势数秒，然后慢慢直起身来。②Thereareseveralfinancialproblemsthatneedtobe

quickly.

有几个财务问题需要迅速解决。完成句子straightening

upstraightened

outinotherwords换句话说，也就是说1.I’mnotusedtothewayyouspeaktome.Inotherwords,Idon’twanttocontinueourconversation.

我不习惯你对我说话的方式。也就是说，我不想继续我们的谈话了。2.Thepolicemandecidedtohaveawordwiththatwitness.

那位警察决定和目击证人谈一谈。3.Oncewebreakourword,nobodywilltrustusagain.

一旦我们食言，就不会再有人相信我们了。完成句子in

other

wordsIn

a/one

wordhad

words

withWord

cametendency

n.趋势；倾向1.Roughlyspeaking,thetendencyofthemarketisstilluncertain.

大体来说，市场的趋势仍不确定。2.IhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI’mnervous.

我紧张时总爱唠叨。3.Womentendtolivelongerthanmen.

女人往往比男人长寿。4.Wetend

togetcoldwintersandwarm,drysummersinthispartofthecountry.

在我国这个地区，往往冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥。①

haveatendencytodosth.有做某事的倾向②

tend

v.趋向；易于；照顾；护理

tend(to)...照料，护理……

tendtodosth.易于做某事；倾向于做某事①Theteacherhasa

(tend)togetofftopic;sometimesitisdifficultforstudentstomakeoutwhatheissaying.②Researchshowsthatifwearefacedwithtoomuchinformation,wehaveatendency

(make)poorchoices.③Occupiedwithroutineofficetasks,shehadnotimetotend

herchildren.④Manypeopletend

(talk)abouttraditionswithoutknowingwhattheyreallyare.⑤Thereis

forpeopletoworkathomeinsteadofinoffices.

人们在家工作而不是在办公室工作的趋势日益增长。

单句语法填空/完成句子tendencyto

maketoto

talka

growing

tendencyoccupy

v.占据；占用①

occupyoneselfwithsth.忙于(做)某事

occupyoneself(in)doingsth.忙于做某事②

occupation

n.占领；职业；工作③occupiedadj.忙于……的；已被占用的beoccupiedwithsth.忙于某事beoccupiedin(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事①

(occupy)withherwork,shedidn’tevennoticetheheavysnowfalloutsidethewindow.②Havingretiredfrombusiness,henowoccupieshimself

thewelfareofthedisabled.③Inmanyofthecavesthereisevidenceofhuman

(occupy).④Ihavebeen

myworkthatIhaven’thadtimeforsocialactivities.

我一直太忙于工作，以至于没有时间参加社交活动。单句语法填空/完成句子Occupiedwithoccupationso

occupied

withstare

v.盯着看；凝视.凝视1.Istaredatthedoorandwonderedwhyshedidn’tturnup.

我盯着门看，心想她为什么没有出现。2.Theteacherglaredattheboyswhentheylaughedloudlyatclass.

当男孩子们在课堂上大笑时，老师怒视着他们。3.Themanglancednervouslyathiswatch.

那个男人紧张地看了一眼手表。4.Themenallturnedtolookatherassheenteredtheroom.

当她走进房间时，所有男士都转过来朝她看。①It’simpoliteto

foreignvisitorsinthestreet.

在大街上盯着外国游客看是不礼貌的。②Jane

theenvelopeandrecognizedheruncle’shandwriting.

简看了一眼信封就认出了她叔叔的笔迹。③Hedidn’tshout;hejust

mesilently.

他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。

完成句子stare

atglanced

atglared

atdistinguish

v.区分；辨别1.Sometimesrealityandfantasyarehardtodistinguish.

有时候现实和幻想很难区分。2.Shehasalreadydistinguishedherselfasanathlete.

作为运动员她已享有盛名。3.Youshouldlearntodistinguish

betweenrightandwrong.

你应学会明辨是非。4.Thetwinsaresoalikethatnoonecandistinguishonefromtheother.

这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。5.Heisdistinguishedforhisknowledgeoflinguistics.

他因语言学的知识而著名。①

distinguishbetweenAandB区分A和B

distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来

distinguishoneselfas...作为……而出名②

distinguished

adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的

bedistinguishedfor...因……而出名

bedistinguishedas...作为……而出名①Asfarasweallknow,LangPinghasalreadydistinguishedherself

agreatvolleyballcoachintheworld.②Beforebirth,babiescanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoice

thatofafemalestranger.③Hehasalreadydistinguished

(he)asabasketballplayerintheworld.④Paper-cutting

atraditionalartform,whichhasahistoryofmorethan1,500yearsinChina.

剪纸作为一种传统的艺术形式而出名，在中国有着1500多年的历史。

单句语法填空/完成句子asfromhimselfis

distinguished

asanxiety

n.焦虑；担心；害怕1.Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.

这事使我们极为担心。2.Theoldwomanwaswaitingforthereturnofherrelativeswithanxiety.

那位老妇人焦虑地等待亲人归来。3.Shewasanxiousforchildrenalltoleaveherroom.

她渴望孩子们全都离开她的房间。4.Wewereanxiousthateveryone(should)knowthetruth.

我们渴望人人都了解实情。①

withanxiety焦虑地②

beanxioustodosth.急于做某事

beanxiousfor/aboutsb./sth.担心/忧虑某人/某事

beanxiousforsb.todosth.渴望某人做某事

beanxiousthat...(that从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略)急切希望……③

anxiously

adv.不安地，忧虑地①Ifyou’reworriedaboutyourhealth,shareyour

(anxious)withyourdoctor.②

(anxious),shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，onlytofinditdidn’tfit.③Accordingtotheexpert,aschildrengrew,theybecamemoreanxious(get)morepublicapproval.④Herparentswaited

anxietyforthenewsofhersafearrivalatBeijing.⑤Childrennormally

abouttheirfirstdayatschool.

孩子们通常对第一天上学感到很焦虑。

单句语法填空/完成句子anxietiesAnxiouslyto

getwithfeel

a

lot

of

anxietyembarrassed

adj.难堪的；尴尬的1.Hefeltembarrassedasbeingthecentreofattention.

成为关注的焦点使他觉得尴尬。2.Thegirlisembarrassedaboutherweight.

女孩因自己的体重而尴尬。3.Don’taskothersquestionsthatmayembarrassthem.

不要问可能会让其他人尴尬的问题。4.Itcanbeembarrassingtohaveachildsaywhathedoesnotwantto.

要一个孩子说他不愿意说的东西是令人尴尬的。5.Tohisembarrassment,hecouldn’tanswerthesimplequestion.

让他尴尬的是，那么简单的问题他都答不上来。①

be/feelembarrassedtodosth.对做某事感到尴尬

be/feelembarrassedabout/at...对……感到难为情/不知所措②

embarrassment

n.尴尬，难为情

toone’sembarrassment让某人尴尬的是③embarrassv.使难堪，使尴尬

embarrassing

adj.令人尴尬的单句语法填空/完成句子embarrassedto

admitembarrassmentembarrassingIt

was

so

embarrassingashamed

adj.羞愧的；惭愧的1.Hewhoisashamedofaskingisashamedoflearning.

(谚)畏问之人耻于学。2.Tomwasashamedthathehadlosthistemper.

汤姆因自己发脾气感到内疚。3.Itisashamethatyouhavemissedthenicebeginningofthefilm.

你错过了这部电影精彩的开头，真是遗憾。4.Allofasudden,theboyrealizedthatitwasashamefulthought.

这个男孩突然意识到那是个可耻的想法。①

beashamedof...

为……而感到羞耻

beashamedtodosth.

羞于/耻于做某事

beashamedthat+从句

对……感到羞愧②

shame

n.羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事

v.使羞耻

It’sashamethat...

……真让人遗憾。

Whatashame/pity!真遗憾!

shamesbintodoingsth.使某人羞愧而不得不做（某事）③shamefuladj.羞耻的；丢脸的①Amy,pleasedon’tbeashamed

yourfigure.Youlookgreatasyouare.②Tomwasashamed

(tell)hismotherthathehadfailedintheinterviewagain.③Themoreembarrassingor

(shame)thesecretis,thejuicierthegossipitmakes.④Itis

shamethatheshouldhavefailedtheexam.⑤Weareoften

,ourmistakesandourfailures.Remember,youareonlyhuman.我们经常会因为我们的缺点、错误和失败而羞愧。记住，你只是人。单句语法填空/完成句子ofto

tellshamefulacallon(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请1.I’mgoingtocallononeofmyformerclassmates.

我要去看望我的一位老同学。2.Hecalledontheworkerstofightfortheirrights.

他号召工人们为争取自己的权利而斗争。3.Manyexpertshavebeencalledinforadvice.

很多专家被请来提建议。4.DoyouthinkweshouldcallatBob’swhileweareinLondon?

你认为我们在伦敦时应该去鲍勃家拜访吗?callonsb.todosth.号召/呼吁某人做某事callin召来；叫……进来callfor要求；呼吁；需要calloff取消……callup打电话；使回忆起；勾起callupon拜访；要求callat拜访(某个地点)①They

peopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstpollution.

他们号召人们和政府采取措施来对抗污染。②Sincetheweatherisbad,let’s

thetrip.

既然天气不好，那我们取消旅行吧。③Theproblemisthatthiskindofwork

alotofpatience.

问题是，这种工作需要有很大的耐心。④Thesoundofhappylaughter

memoryofhischildhood.

这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。完成句子call

oncall

offcalls

forcalled

upbother

v.费心；麻烦；因……操心

n.麻烦；不便1.—ShallIhelpyou?

—Don’tbother.I’lldoitlater.

——我可以帮你吗?

——不用费心了，我一会儿自己做。2.Idon’twanttobotheryouwithmyproblems.

我不想因为我的问题而打扰你。3.ItbotheredTomgreatlythathehadfailedhisdrivingtest.

驾照考试不及格，这让汤姆很烦恼。4.Tomisa

bother

tohisteacher.

汤姆使他的老师大伤脑筋。5.Ididn’twanttoputyoutoanybother.

我不想给你添乱。①

bothersb.with/aboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人

bothertodo/doingsth.费心做某事

Itbotherssb.that/todosth.使某人苦恼的是……②

putsb.toanybother给某人添乱单句语法填空/完成句子to

check/checkingwith/aboutItitwon’tbotheryoumuchconflict

n.矛盾；冲突

v.冲突；抵触1.TheconflictintheMiddleEasthaslasteddecades.

中东地区的冲突已经持续几十年了。2.Unionleadersareagaininconflictwithmanagement.

工会领导人又一次与管理层发生冲突。3.Thetwostoriesconflicted,soIdidnotknowwhichtobelieve.

两个故事互相冲突，我不知道相信哪一个。①Wefoun