第2章上皮腺体

BasictissueCellswithintercellularmatrixEpithelialtissueConnectivetissueMuscletissueNervetissueChapter2EpitheliumZhengWei

DepartmentofHistologyandEmbryology,CMUClassificationofepi.Distributionoftheepi.Specializationoftheepi.MaincontentsCharacteristics(特点)Distribution(分布)Classification(分类)Specialization(特殊结构)CharacteristicsNumerouscellswithlessintercellularmatrixPolarization:specializationsonfreeapicalsurface,lateralsurface,andbasalsurface.Avascularity(almost)RichinfreenervefiberterminalsClassificationofthecoveringepithelium单层上皮Simpleepi.单层扁平上皮Simplesquamousepi.单层立方上皮Simplecuboidalepi.单层柱状上皮Simplecolumnarepi.假复层纤毛柱状上皮Pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepi.复层上皮Stratifiedepi.复层扁平上皮Stratifiedsquamousepi.复层立方上皮Stratifiedcuboidalepi.复层柱状上皮Stratifiedcolumnarepi.变移上皮Transitionalepi.ClassificationofthecoveringepitheliumSimplesquamousepi.---内皮endotheliumEndothelium:simplesquamousepitheliumliningtheinnersurfaceofheart,vessels,andlymphatics.LMofsectionofvessels(HE)Simplesquamousepi.---间皮mesothelumMesothelium:simplesquamousepitheliumcoveringthoracic,pericardial,andabdominalcavities.Stretchedpreparation(Silverstaining)Paraffinsectioning(HE)Simplesquamousepi.pulmonaryalveolus(HE)Parietallayerofrenalcorpuscle(HE)Simplecuboidalepi.Distribution:renaltubule,secretoryducts,ovariansurfaceSimplecolumnarepi.Distribution:lininginnersurfaceofStomach,intestine,anduterus.Pseudostratifiedsquamousepi.Distribution:mainlylininginnersurfaceofrespiratoryducts.Composition:ciliatedcolumnar,spindle,pyramid,gobletcells.Stratifiedsquamousepi.KeratinizedandnonkeratinizedstratifiedepitheliumStratifiedsquamousepi.---nonkeratinizedDistribution:coveringbodyasepidermisandlininginnersurfaceofesophagus,corneaouterepi.Transitionalepi.Definition:thenumberofcelllayersandcellshapeoftheepi.varywithenlargementandconstrictionoftheholloworganortubeDistribution:innersurfaceofurinaryducts.UrotheliumStratifiedcubicandcolumnarepi.GobletcellBasement

membraneciliaSpecializationofEpithelium游离面Freesurface侧面Lateralsurface 基底面Basalsurface细胞衣cellcoat微绒毛Microvilli纤毛Cilia紧密连接Tightjunction中间连接Intermediatejunction桥粒Desmosome缝隙连接Gapjunction基膜Basementmembrane质膜内褶Plasmamembraneinfolding半桥粒HemidesmosomeJunctionalcomplex:morethan1junctionatsameplace.freesurfacelateralsurfacebasalsurfaceEpithelialspecializations

纤毛cilium

纹状缘StriationborderMicrovilliandcilia(LM)Microvilliandcilia(TEM)MicrovilliCiliaMicrovilliandcilia(SEM)MicrovilliandciliaBothmicrovilliandciliaaredelicatefinger-likeprojectionsofapicalmembraneandcytoplasm（刷状缘、纹状缘inLM） Mv. CiliaLength: 1.4um(vary) 5-10umDiameter: 0.1um 0.2umEM:Core:microfilament microtubuleFunction: helpabsorption swing. Distribution:digestivesystem respiratorysys. renaltubules reproductivesys.Lateralspecializations(junctions)Fourtypesofcelljunctions

Tightjunction

OccludingjunctionZonulaoccludens

IntermediatejunctionAdhesivebeltsZonulaadherens

DesmosomeAdhesivespotMaculaeadherensgapjunctionCommunicatingjunctionMaculaecommunicatesTightjunctionIntermediatejunctionDesmosomeGapjunctionJunctionalcomplex:

morethan1junctionatsameplace.DesmosomeTightjunctionIntermediatejunctionBasalspecializationsEM：laminalucidabasallaminareticularlaminabasementmembraneLM：Plasmamembraneinfolding基膜BasementmembranePlasmainfoldingandbasementmembranebasementmembraneBasementmembranePASstainingBasementmembraneAsheet-likeextracellularstructureVisiblewithEMDenselayer,20-100nmthick,delicatenetworkoffinefibrils(laminadensa)Electronlucentlayersononeorbothsides.TypeIVcollagen,theglycoproteinslamininandentactin,andproteoglycan.Thecomponentsandthicknessofitvarywithinorbetweentissues.PASstaining(periodicacidandSchiff)内分泌腺外分泌腺DevelopmentofglandGlandularepitheliumandglandGlandsareorganscomposedmainlyofglandularepithelia.Theepitheliaspecializedforsecretionaretermedglandularepithelia.ClassificationofGland:exocrineandendocrineExocrineglands:SecretoryunitesoracinusandductsShapeofthestructure:tubular,alveolarortubuloalveolar

Simplealveolar,simpletubularorcompoundtubulo-alveolar,etc.Classificationofexocrinegland

Serous,mucousormixedacinusAserousacinusiscomposedofseroussecretorycellsonly.Amucousacinusiscomposedofmucoussecretorycellsonly.Amixedacinusiscomposedoftheabovetwotypesofsecretorycells.Aserousglandismadeupofonlyseriousacinus,asparotidglandAmixedglandismadeupof3typesofaccinisuchasSubmandibularandsublingularglands.pancreasserousdemiluneExocrineglandserousacinimucousacinimixedaciniMixedglandmucousacinusSerousacinusSeroussecretorycell(acinus)LM:pyramid-shapewithabasally-placednucleus.Inapicalcytoplasm,eosinophiliczymogengranulesarepresent.EM:extensiverER;numerousmitochondria;Well-developedGolgicomplexFunction:Theacinusproducesaseroussecretion,whichisaclear,wateryfluidcontainingproteincomponents.M