被动语态讲义与专项练习

被动语态讲义与专项练习被动语态2010-09-2309:37:12阅读31评论0字号：大中小被动语态讲义与专项练习一、被动语态的构成形式被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为10种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be+过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为e.g.，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done一般现在时e.g.Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时e.g.Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere.was/weredone一般过去时e.g.IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.was/werebeingdone过去进行时e.g.AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.has/havebeendone现在完成时e.g.Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.hadbeendone过去完成时e.g.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.shall/willbedone一般将来时e.g.Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.should/wouldbedone过去将来时e.g.Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.shall/willhavebeendone将来完成时(少用)e.g.TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.10） should/wouldhavebeendone过去将来完成时（少用）e.g.Hetoldmethathisnewclotheswouldhavebeenmadeverysoon.附：动词的时态一般现在时的用法表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。e.g.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.表示“出发”“开始”“往来”的动词可用现在时表示将来。e.g.JohngetsbackfromAmericatonight.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用现在时表示将来。e.g.Ifyoucomethisafternoon,we'llhaveameeting.WhenIgraduate,I'llgotothecountryside.现在进行时的用法表示现在正在进行的动作。现在进行时用于替代一般现在时表示某种情绪,如赞许、厌烦，不满等，常与副词always,often连用。e.g.Don'tbelievehim.Heisalwaystellinglies.Thatboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.表示位置移动的动词如：come,go,leave,arrive,start等，用进行时表示一个即将发生的动作，而不表示动作正在进行。e.g.TheforeignteacherisarrivingonMonday.一般过去时的用法1)表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。e.g.Heworkedinafactoryin1986.2) 表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用usedto+do或would+do。e.g.Duringthevacation,Iwould/usedtoswiminthesea.过去进行时的用法表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作。e.g.HewasreadinganovelwhenIcamein.while表示时间段，其引导的从句用过去进行时。e.g. WhileIwastakingashower,thetelephonerang.HewasreadingthenewspaperwhileIwasstudying.get,become,turn,run,go,begin,等动词用进行时表示逐渐，越来越…e.g.ThedaytimeisbecomingIongerandIonger.过去进行时与always,forever,allthetime等词连用表示对不良习惯的抱怨。e.g.Theywerealwaysquarreling.Was/weregoingtodo结构常表示对过去未能实现的计划或打算。e.g.Whydidn'tyoucometothemeetingyesterday?Iwasgoingto,butmyfathercametomyhouse,现在完成时的用法现在完成时所表示的动作在说话子前已完成，而对现在有影响。e.g.HehasgonetoAmerica.现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或sofar,uptonownow等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。e.g.HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.NowIhavefinishedthework..过去完成时的用法过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，句中常有by,before,until,when等引导的时间状语。e.g.Bytheendoflastyearwehadbuiltfivenewhouses.Ihadlearnt5000wordsbeforeIenteredtheuniversity.过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间。e.g.Beforeheslept,hehadworkedfor12hours.一般将来时的用法表示将来发生的动作或将来存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。表示一种倾向或一种固有特性或经常发生的动作。e.g.Withoutairalivingthingwilldie.Whenitgetswarmer,thesnowwillstarttomelt.Begoingto+do表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。e.g.Wearegoingtohaveameetingtoday.Go,come,start,move,sail,leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。e.g.I'mleavingforBeijing.Beto+do表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。e.g.Arewetogoonwiththiswork?Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.6) Beaboutto+do表示即将发生的动作，不能与时间状语连用。e.g.Weareabouttoleave.被动语态的特殊结构形式1） 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词+be+过去分词。e.g.Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2） 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。e.g.Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.3） 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。e.g.Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.可改为Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.4） 在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。e.g.Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.5） 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。e.g.ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.6） “动词+名词+介词”这类动词词组，如:catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,takeadvantageof,takecareof,takenoticeof,putanendto,setfireto等，有两种被动形式：e.g.Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.Goodcarewillbetakenofthem.Theywillbetakengoodcareof.非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有被动语态（一般时态和完成时态）。v.+ing的被动形式：beingdone,havingbeendoneto的被动形式：tobedone,tohavebeendonee.g.Sunglassescandefendyoureyefrombeinghurt.Havingbeenfired,Ihadtofindanotherjobtosupportmyfamily.Nobodywillliketobetreatedlikethis.Heseemedtohavebeentoldthetruth.二、 如何使用被动语态讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者（这时可省by短语）。e.g.Mybikewasstolenlastnight.2•借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。e.g.IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.3.为了更好地安排句子。e.g.Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.三、 Itissaidthat+从句及其他类似句型一些表示"据说”或"相信”的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于句型“lt+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+todosth.”。有：Itissaidthat...据说,ltisreportedthat...据报道，Itisbelievedthat...大家相信，Itishopedthat...大家希望，Itiswellknownthat...众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为，Itissuggestedthat.据建议，Itmustbeadmitted.必须承认，Itmustbepointedoutthat.必须扌旨出，Itwillbegenerallyconsideredthat.大家认为。e.g.Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.(=Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.)Itisreportedthatthefilmstarhavedivorcedwithhiswife.(=Thefilmstarisreportedtohavedivorcedwithhiswife.)四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1•在主语是物的句子里(某些动词在表达主语的性质时，不用被动语态)，有些动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义。常用的这类动词sell,read,feel,write,wash,measure,run,begin,wear等。e.g.Thiskindofclothwasheswell.Thebookssellwell.Classbeginsateight.Yourcompositionreadswell.Thispenwritessmoothly.Thiscoatwearswell.有的及物动词构成的被动语态，与其作不及物动词构成的主动语态表达被动意义，两者的含义有细微差别。注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。e.g.Thedoorwon'tlock.(指门本身有毛病)Thedoorwon'tbelocked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如:happen,occur,exist,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout,comeintobeing等以主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Howdothenewspaperscomeout?TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1937.May4thMovementtookplacein1919.表示状态特征的系动词没有被动形式，女如:feel,sound,taste,look,smell,remain,stay,prove,appear,disappear等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.Yoursentencedoesn'tsoundright.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义。在need，want，require,bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。e.g.Thehouseneedsrepairing(toberepaired)形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。e.g.Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading.(=Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead.)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。e.g.Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon.(todo与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：I'llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)在形容词后作状语用的不定式，与句中主语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important,impossible，pleasant,interesting等。e.g.Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.Thatmanisdifficulttodealwith.在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.在therebe...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。e.g.Thereisnotimetolose(tobelost).(用tolose可看成forustolose；用tobelost，谁losttime不明确。)7.tolet,toseek,toblame等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。e.g.Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、谓语动词的被动形式表示主动意义bepleased(satisfied,discouragedexcited...)todosth.bedeterminedtodosth.bedevotedtodosth.beseatedin...bedressedin...belocated/situatedin...beengaged/occupied/employedin（doing）sth.beengaged/marriedtosb.beused/accustomedto（doing）sth.七、介词in,on,under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示被动含义的介词词组通常是以带有动词意义的名词作介词宾语的。1.“under+名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：undercontrol（受控制），undertreatment（在治疗中），underrepair（在修理中），underdiscussion（在讨论中），underconstruction（在施工中）。e.g.Thebuildingisunderconstruction（isbeingconstructed）.“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎 胜过 、范围、限度，。常见的有：beyondbelief（令人难以置信），beyondone'sreach（鞭长莫及），beyondone'scontrol（无法控制），beyondourhope.我们的成功始料不及。e.g.Therumorisbeyondbelief（=can'tbebelieved）.“above+名词”结构，表示“（品质、行为、能力等）超过 、咼于 ”。e.g.Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise.=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough.“for+名词”结构，表示“适于 、为着 ”。如:forsale（出售）,forrent（出租）e.g.Thathouseisforsale.（=Thathouseistobesold）.“in+名词”结构，表示“在 过程中或范围内”常见的有：inprint（在印刷中），insight（在视野范围内），等。e.g.Thebookisnotyetinprint.（=isnotyetprinted）“on+名词”结构，表示“在从事 中”。常见的有：onsale（出售），onshow（展出），ontrial（受审）。e.g.Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum（=arebeingshowed）.“outof+名词”结构；表示“超出 之外“，常见的有：outofcontrol（控制不了）,outofsight（超出视线之外），outofone'sreach（够不着），outoffashion（不流行）等。e.g.Theplanewasoutofcontrol（can'tbecontrolled）.。“within+名词”结构，“在内、不超过……”。八、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。e.g.Theglassisbroken. （系表结构）Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.（被动语态）如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。e.g.Thedoorislocked.（系表结构）Thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked.（被动语态）被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。e.g.Themachineisbeingrepaired.被动语态专项练习PartOneAlotofthings bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnowA.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendone D.willbedoneThedoctor foryet.When thiskindofcomputersLastyear.When thiskindofcomputersLastyear.A.did;use B.was;usedWhom thisbook ?A.did...written B.was...writtenbyMary showmehernewdictionary.A.hasaskedtoB.wasaskedtoC.is;usedD.are;usedC.did...writtenD.was.writtenC.isaskedD.askstoanewlibrary inourschoollastyear?A.Is...builtB.Was...builtC.Does...buildD.DidA.Is...builtB.Was...builtC.Does...buildD.Did.buildAnaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappened D.happenedCotton inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.growSofar,themoon bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisitedAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgiven B.hasbeengivenC.willbegiven D.givesAstory byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldus D.toldusThemonkeywasseen offthetree.

Olderpeople well.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafterOurteacher carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistened C.belistenedD.islistenedInsomepartoftheworld,tea withmilkandsugar.A.isserving B.isserved C.serves D.servedItwasreportedthatthemurderer arrested.D.hadA.hasbeen B.hadbeen C.hasD.hadDoyouthinkthatthebridge inayear?A.wouldbecompletedB.willbecompletedC.hadbeencompleted D.isbeingcompletedGreatchanges inChinasincethePeople'RepublicofChina in1949.B.hastakenplace;wasfoundedD.tookplace;foundedB.hastakenplace;wasfoundedD.tookplace;foundedC.havebeentakenplace;foundedWhydoesMarylooksounhappy?Shehas byherclassmates.A.laughed B.laughedat C.beenlaughed D.beenlaughedatDoctors ineverypartoftheworld.21.1promisethatmatterwill .betakencare B.betakencareofC.takecare D.takecareofNopermissionhas foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengiven B.given C.togive D.begivenI tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgiven C.wasgiving D.hadgivenCansuchathing happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfromAnewhouse atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuilt C.beenbuilt D.bebuildingThisbike lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenbought C.wasbought D.hadbeenboughtDidyouseethehousethat byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroying B.destroyed C.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyedIt whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.isn'tdeciding C.doesn'tdecide D.hasn'tdecidedThepen me.Itishers.belongtoIcan'tusemybikebecauseit .A.isrepairing B.isbeingrepaired C.willrepair D.wasrepairingThechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself .A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heardThewindowisdirty.Iknow.It forweeks.A.hasn'tcleaned B.didn'tclean C.wasn'tcleaned D.hasn'tbeencleanedBytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompletedHowlong atthisjob?—Sinee1990.A.wereyouemployed B.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployedWhathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.TheearthquakedestroyedthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.TheearthquakedestroyedthemThisisTec'sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killed B.iskilledC.waskilled D.waskillingRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cut B.arecut C.arebeingcutD.hadbeencutSelectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology sorapidly.A.ischanging B.haschangedC.willhavechanged D.willchangeHundredsofjobs ifthefactorycloses.A.lose B.willbelost C.arelost D.willloseAnewcinema here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuilt D.isbeingbuilt41.1havenoideawhat whileIwasasleep.A.hashappened B.washappened C.hadhappened D.happenedIhavetomakeaquickphonecall.Canyouwaitafewminutes?It long.A.won'tbetaking B.isn'ttaking C.doesn'ttake D.won'ttakeIfthefilm inourschool,we'llgoandseeit.A.willbeshown B.isshown C.wasshown D.istobeshownAgreatpartofthecity bytheearthquake.

A.aredestroyeddestroyedA.aredestroyeddestroyedThistable toomuchspace.Let'smoveittothenextroom..A.istakenup B.takesupC.takesfor D.takesoffIwishyou yournameonyourhomework.Idon'tknowwhichiswhich.A.writeB.wroteC.havewrittenD.hadwrittenA.writeB.wroteC.havewrittenD.hadwrittenIheardyoutalkingtosomebodyjustnow.Oh,I tomyself.D.hadonlybeenD.iswellthinkingA.haveonlytalkedB.wasonlytalkingC.onlytalkedD.hadonlybeenD.iswellthinkingtalkingOurEnglishteacherlovesusverymuchandhe A.iswellthoughtofB.isthoughtwellC.thinkswellofI'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat inmynewjob.A.toexpectB.expected C.tobeexpecting D.expectsYou'vegotagoodresultinyourresearch,haven'tyou?Yes,butmuch .A.remainstodoB.isremainedtodoC.remainstobedoneD.hasremainedtodoitPartTwo1.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,1.Ifcitynoisesfromincreasing,peopleshouttobeheardevenatdinner.A.arenotkept；willhavetoB.arenotkept；havedonotkeep；willhavetoD.donotkeep；havetoThefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligenee,are andperfectednowA.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.「vebeentoldB.「vetoldC.rmtold D.ItoldIneedonemorestampbeforemyeolleetion .A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedRainforests andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cut B.arecutC.arebeingcut D.hadbeencutThenewsuspensionbridge bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesignedWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit .A.breaks B.hasbroken C.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenGreatchanges inthecity,andalotoffactories .havebeentakenplace;havebeensetuphavetakenplace;havebeensetuphavetakenplace;havesetupweretakenplace;weresetupThatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.costLook!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.What'stheprettysmallhousethat__for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuilt D.isbuildingDoyoulikethematerial?Yes,it verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feels D.isfeltItisdifficultforaforeigner Chinese.A.writeB.towrite C.tobewrittenD.writtenIhavenomoreletters ,thankyou.A.totypeB.typing C.tobetypedD.typedTakecare!Don'tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit__easily.A.won'twashout B.won'tbewashedoutC.isn'twashedout D.isn'twashingoutNobodynoticedthethiefslipintotheho