中国疫情现状及防控策略

中国禽流感疫情现状及防控策略

SituationandStrategiesonHPAI

PreventionandControlinChina

JiaYouLingNationalCVODirector-General,VeterinaryBureauMinistryofAgriculture,P.R.China2007.11Beijing国家首席兽医官

贾幼陵农业部兽医局局长一、中国家禽业概况

1BriefofPoultryIndustry

inChina1.1.OverviewofChina’spoultrysectoraldevelopmentNo.ofpoultryinpentincreased3-8%annuallysince1980In2005，15.198billionbirdsraised，5.333billioninpentattheendoftheyear,including4.36billionchicken，730millionduck，makingup26.5％and69.1%oftheworldtotalrespectivelyIn2006，15.541billionbirdsraised,5.365billioninpentattheendoftheyearShareofpoultryfarms(households)over2000birdsincreasedfrom40.9％in1999to49.5%in2004图11980－2006年中国鸡年末存栏变化情况〔单位：万羽〕Fig.1ChickenyearendstockchangesinChinabetween1980and2006〔Unit：tenthousand〕图2家禽饲养区域分布情况

Fig.2

RegionalDistributionofPoultryIndustryWaterfowls水禽分布Broilers

肉鸡分布Hens蛋鸡分布Shandong,Liaoning,Jinlin,etc.Shandong,Hebei,Henan,etc.Hunan,Hubei,Guangdong,Fujian,etc.feature：

differentpoultryconcentrateindifferentregions二、中国高致病性禽流感疫情状况

2.Situation

ofHPAIinChina

2.1.AIprofileinChinaAsoftoday,noH7infectiondetectedinChinaIn1996，firstH5N1AIVisolatedfromgeeseinChina.InJan2004,firstH5N1AIinfectiondetectedinGuangxi.FromJan2004throughOct2007，94HPAIcasesofdomesticbirdsfoundsin22provinces，34.8millionbirdsculled.24humancasesofHPAIdetectedinChina’smainland,16ofwhichdiedDuetoimplementationofintegratedprevention&controlmeasurescombiningvaccinationandcull,no.ofcasesandfrequencyforHPAIDroppeddramatically:50casesin2004,31in2005,10in2006,and3sofarin2007年份Year疫情省数Numberofinfectedprovinces疫点数Numberofinfectedspots禽鸟数量（单位：万羽）Numberofbirds(units:tenthousands)野鸟数量Numberofwildbirds(units:thousand)发病数Numberofinfectedanimals死亡数Numberofdeaths扑杀数Numberofculledanimals死亡数NumberofDeaths(WildBirds)2004165014.4912.91904.502005123115.8215.462257.126.34520067109.104.70298.523.6412007332.302.1721.30合计Total229441.7135.243481.4441.71表1China家禽高致病性禽流感发生概况Table1.PoultryHPAIOutbreaksinChinafrom2004to2007Wildbirdsclade(2005-2006,BHG/QH/06)Waterfowlclade(2005-2006,DK/HuB/05)XinjiangClade(2005,CK/XJ/05)ShanxiClade(2006,CK/SX/06)HAgeneoftheH5N1virusesisolatedin2005-2006二、中国高致病性禽流感疫情状况

2.

Situation

ofHPAIinChina2.3.SituationonHPAIPreventionandControlinChinaInfectionsourceremainsdifficulttobeeradicatedinshortterm.In2007,atotalof37samplesofHPAIpositivedetected,involvingFujian,Guangdong,Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,andChongqing

Greaterproportionoffreerangefarmingforpoultry,poorfarmingconditionsandmanagement,leadingtodifficultiesinprevention&controlofHPAIFrequentlong-distancetransportationofpoultryleadingtogreaterrisksofoccurrenceandspreadofdiseaseLargefarmingpopulationofwaterfowl,unvaccinedwaterfowlsmaycarryhiddenvirusClosecontactofinfectedmigratorybirdswithdomesticbirdsresultsinthreatofoutbreak3.1.EstablishcommandsystemforHPAIpreventionbasedoncross-sectorcooperation三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChinaNationalHQforHPAIPrevention&ControlProvinciallevelCitylevelCountylevelTownshipleveloffice：MOAForeignAffairsGroup：MFAPublicityGroup：PublicityDeptofCPCCentralCommitteeSupportGroup：NDRCTechnologyGroup：MOSTSupervision&QuarantineGroup:AQSIQ

prevention&controlGroup:MOA

三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina3.2.establishing&refininglaws®ulations,prevention&controlaccordingtolawtheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaonAnimalEpidemicPreventiontheRegulationsonHandlingofMajorAnimalEpidemicEmergenciestheStateOverallContingencyPlanonPublicEmergencies

theStateContingencyPlanonAnimalEpidemicEmergencies

theStateContingencyPlanonHPAIprevention&control

3.3.3.integratedprevention&controlmeasures,givingprioritytopreventionFullvaccinationofalldomesticbirdsIntegratedprevention&controlmeasurescombiningvaccinationandcull

Reinforcementofepidemicmonitoring,quarantinesurveillanceandcirculationcontrol三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina3.4.Strengtheningmonitoringandreporting,enhancingpre-warningandforecastcapacityAnnualnationalHPAIMonitoringplandraftedandstrictlyimplementedsince2004Buildingupanimalepidemicmonitoringandreportingmechanism三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.

Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina表2.2004－2007年China禽流感监测结果Table2.HPAISurveillanceResultsinChinafrom2004to2007年份Year血清样品数(单位:万份)Numberofserumsamples(unit:tenthousand)病原样品数(单位:万份)Numberofpathogensamples(unit:tenthousand)阳性样品数Numberofpositivesamples2004286.89.3162005292.320.9212006635.246.5502007283.9*22.637*合计total154099.3146*：2007年为1－9月份数据。AsofSept2007

农业部兽医局Vet.Bureau动物疫病预防控制中心

CADC省级动物疫病预防控制中心Provincelevel(36个,含5个方案单列市)乡镇防疫组织(兽医站)TownLevel〔36000〕村防疫员或疫情报告观察员villagevlevel(645000)畜主Farmer执业兽医PracticeVet.国家动物疫情测报中心NationalAnimalDiseaseSurveillanceAndReport

动物疫情测报站Ani.DiseaseSurveillanceStation边境动物疫情监测站Ani.DiseaseSurveillanceBordingStation省级动物疫情测报中心ProvincialAnimalDiseaseSurveillanceAndReport

疫情报告体系

疫情监测体系

NationalAnimalDiseasereportSys.

NationalAnimal.DiseaseSurveillanceSys.

图4国家动物疫情监测与报告体系Fig.4NationalAnimalDiseaseSurveillanceandReportSystem县级动物疫病预防控制中心Countylevel〔2862个〕304个146个国家AI参考实验室NationalAIRef.Lab.注：CADC,China动物疫病预防控制中心ChinesecenterforAnimalDiseaseControlandPrevention图5全国边境动物疫病监测站、疫情测报站分布图Fig.5ThedistributionofanimaldiseasesurveillancestationsandborderanimaldiseasessurveillancestationsinChina.Morethan2800countyanimaldiseasesurveillancebodiesconnectedwithstateanimalepidemicinformationnetworkcentertoensurereal-timereporting3.5.StickingtoscientificapproachforHPAIprevention&control,promotingtechnicalsupportcapacityStrengtheningR&DforAIvaccine,improvingprevention&controltechnologyGuaranteeingvaccinequality,enhancingproductioncapacityStandardizingAIvaccinationpractice,reinforcingvaccinationprotection

三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.

Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina表3中国目前批准生产使用的疫苗名称及特性Table3.NamesandFeaturesofCurrentApprovedAIVaccinesProducedinChina

VaccineUseRemarkInactivatedvaccine（H5N2）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5,usedmainlyforchicken.UseceasedasfromOct2006FirstsuccessfulvaccineagainstHPAIInactivatedrecombinedvaccine（H5N1，Re-1）PrecautionagainstAIofchicken,duckandgoosecausedbyH5Canbeusedforwaterfowlrecombinedfowlpoxvectorlivevaccine（H5）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5DifferencebetweeninfectionbyimmunizationandwildviruscanbeidentifieddoublerecombinedlivevaccineagainstAIandNewcastledisease（rL-H5）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5andNewcastlediseaseFirstsafeandeffectivelivevaccineofnegativelinkRNAintheworldrecombinedinactivatedvaccine(H5N1，Re-1+Re-4）PrecautionagainstAIcausedbyH5andNewcastlediseasePrecautionagainstAIcausedbycurrentH5virus3.6.Stepuppopularizationandpublicity,raisepublicawarenessaboutAIpreventionOrganizeexpertteamstocompilepopularscienceinformationonAIintheformofposters,pocketbooksandbasicknowledgebrochurestobepostedorhandedouttoruralfamiliesDisseminatetothepublicthebasicAIknowledgeandpreventionandcontrolpoliciesthroughTVprograms,radios,newspapersandInternet,andprovidetechnicalservices三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.

Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina图6用四种民族文字印刷的禽流感宣传挂图Fig.6ThePosteronHPAIKnowledgePrintedin4Languages(Chinese,Uigur,Tibetan,Mongolian)3.7.CompensationmechanisminabidtosupportpoultrysectordevelopmentProvidesubsidiesforpoultryvaccinationandcullingatepidemicareasGrantincometaxexemption,value-addedtaxrebateuponpayment,exporttaxrebateandlocaltaxesreductionasappropriateGrantreductionandexemptionofpaymenttosomegovernmentalfundsandadministrativechargesIncreaseworkingcapitalloansandinterestsubsidiesEnhancevaccinesupplycapacityProtectthereproducingcapacityofbreedersandresourcesofpoultrybreedsMaintainnormalmarketsupplyorderEnsurethatpoultryfarmersenjoypolicybenefitsandthatthelivelihoodofemployeesofpoultryenterprisesisguaranteedAdvancementoftransformationofpoultryfarmingpatterninagradualmanner

三、中国高致病性禽流感防控策略

3.Strategieson

HPAI

PreventionandControlinChina4.1.RefinementofnotificationsystemformajoranimaldiseasesReportedinatimelymanneroccurrenceandhumaninfectionofAItorelevantinternationalorganizationssuchasFAO,WHOandOIE,foreignembassiesandconsulatesinChinaandthecompetentauthoritiesinHKSAR,MacaoSARandTaiwanProvince,andexchangedHPAIprevention&controlexperienceNewlyrevised“LawofthePRConAnimalEpidemicPrevention〞,tobeeffectiveonJan.1,2021,stipulatesinlegaltermsthedetailsonreporting,notificationandannouncementofanimaldiseases,specifyingtheresponsibilityofMOAtonotifyanimaldiseasestointernationalorganizations四、国际交流与合作

4.InternationalCommunicationandCooperation

4.2.ParticipateactivelyininternationalcooperationChinesegov’tholdsthatadvantageofinternationalorganizationsbefullymadeuseof,andwillparticipateactivelyinactivitiesofFAO,OIE,WHO,etc.Afour-partyjointconferencemechanismwaslaunchedbyMOA,MOHofChina,FAOandWHO.ChinaattendedtheFAO/WHO/OIEEmergencyMeetingonTechnologiesforHPAIControlinAsiaandtheSymposiumonHPAIControlStrategiesandEconomicImpact.ChinasuccessfullyhostedInternationalFinancingConferenceforHPAIprevention&control,putforwardandadoptedalongwithotherparticipantsthecooperationinitiativesonHPAIprevention&control,raising$1.9billionforHPAIprevention&control,contributingtoimprovementofinternationalcollaborationsysteminthisregardOrganizedexpertsfromFAO/WHO/OIEtovisitChina四、国际交流与合作

4.InternationalCommunicationandCooperation4.3.RegionalandbilateralcooperationInMarch2004,MOAheld“China-ASEANSpecialMeetingonHPAIprevention&control〞inBeijing,duringwhichChinaandASEANnationsreachedconsensusonsevenissuesregardingAIcontrolInDec2005,“MinisterialConferenceforAsianCooperationonHPAIprevention&control〞washeldinKunming,andKunmingInitiativeonAsianCooperationonHPAIprevention&controlwasjointlyis