句子成分导学案初升高英语衔接课程

句子成分Part1:Introductionofmembersofsentence句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。主语subject是一个句子所描述的主体，可以是人、物、事情;一般位于于句首;常用名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句充当担任。①Studentsstudy.②Theyaregoodfriends.③Threeisenough.④Toseeistobelieve.⑤Fishingisallowed.⑥Whatheneedsisabook.⑦Therichshouldhelpthepoor.思考：哪些词可以充当句子主语？_______________________________________________________________谓语predicate一般位于主语的后面；是用来说明主语做了一个什么动作，或者说明主语的行为或状态；常由动词或动词短语构成，可分为简单谓语和复合谓语。①WeloveChina.②Shedanceswell.③Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Mysisteriscryingoverthere.Youmuststayathome.③Hehascaughtabadcold.④Shelooksbeautiful.思考：哪些词可以充当句子谓语？_______________________________________________________________宾语object表示谓语动作的对象，是谓语动作的承受者。一般位于动词或动词短语之后。介词后也会跟宾语。①IlikeMusic.②Heoftenhelpsme.③Givemefourplease.④Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.⑤Hewantstodreamanicedream.⑥Ithinkyouareright.⑦Iaminterestedinmusic.思考：哪些词可以充当句子宾语？_______________________________________________________________定语attributive“定”就是限定，对句子里的名词或代词起到修饰和限定的作用。“......的”;分为前置定语和后置定语。①amathsproblem②Herdressiswet.③anaughtyboy④Ihave5books.⑤ThisisherfirsttriptoBeijing.⑥Itisaswimmingpool.⑦Ihavenothingtoeat.⑧Thegirlwithlonghairismysister.⑨Heistheboywhodancesbest.思考：哪些词可以充当句子定语？_______________________________________________________________状语adverbial用来修饰动词，形容词或副词或全句。按其用途可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、方向、伴随、程度等。①Howaboutmeetingagainatsix.②Tomsonlivesonthethirdfloor.③Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.④Hediditcarefully.⑤We'llsendacartofetchyou.⑥Ifhegoes,sowillI.⑦Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.⑧Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.⑨Hewassotiredthathefellasleep.⑩Iamtallerthanheis.思考：哪些词可以充当句子状语？_______________________________________________________________六、补足语plement有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子

的意义完整。它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用．①Wemadeherourmonitor.②Theresultmademeangry.③Letthefreshairin.④Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.⑤Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.⑥Wesawherenteringtheroom.⑦Theyfoundthehousebroken.思考：哪些词可以充当句子补足语？_______________________________________________________________表语predicative“表明、表示”;用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、心情、年龄与身份等。位于系动词be、bee、get、grow、look、taste、seem...之后。①Myfatherisaprofessor.②Isityours?③Theweatherhasturnedcold.④Timeisup.Theclassisover.⑤Threetimessevenistwentyone.⑥Themeetingisofgreatimportance.⑦HisjobistoteachEnglish.⑧Hishobbyisplayingfootball.⑨Thestoryismoving.⑩Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.思考：哪些词可以充当句子表语？_______________________________________________________________八、同位语appositive“同等地位”;是对句子中的主语、宾语、表语等成分作进一步解释说明的句子成分。①Thisismynewfriend,YaoYao.②Weeachhaveamobilephonenow.③Theytwowantedtogowithus,too.④Thenewsthathediedshockedus.思考：哪些词可以充当句子同位语？_______________________________________________________________Part2:Exercises一、补全表格.句子成分意义、特征充当词类例句主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补足语同位语指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。1．WeallstudyhardatEnglish.2．Bettylikeshernewbikeverymuch.3．Mybrotherisapoliceman.4．Wereyouathomelastnight?5．Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.6．Heoftenwalksinthepark.7．Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.8．Heboughtmeanicepresentlastweek.9．Hisparentsaredoctors.10．I’llgetyousometeanow.11．Mymot