高考英语复习：名词专题知识清单

名词专题知识清单名词专题知识清单名词单数变复数规则变化（1）一般情况，加-s.（2）以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词，加-es.（3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变y为i，加-es.（4）以-o字母结尾的.加-s_。但有生命的几个单词__加-es_____.hero→heroes;potato→potatoestomato→tomatoesNegro→Negroes（5）以-f,-fe,结尾的单词，_加-of→proofsbelief→beliefsroof→roofs下列除外：把-f,-fe,_变为-ves_。口诀：_为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子，拿着刀子和一片叶子，爬到架子上，把狼劈成两半。self→elvescalf→calveslife→livesthief→thieveswife→wivesknife→knivesloaf→loavesleaf→leavesshelf→shelveswolf→wolveshalf→halves合成名词变复数，在__主体名称__上变化，若没有，就在最后一部分上变化。son-in-law→sons-in-lawstoryteller→storytellerspasser-by→passers-bybus-station→busstations“man/woman+名词”变复数时，_两部分都要变_amanteacher→three_menteachers_不规则变化单复数不同形的：foot→feetman→menwoman→womenmouse→micetooth→teethgoose→geesegentleman→gentlemenchild→childrenox→oxenGerman→Germans单复数同形的（写意思）：口诀：中日不变，英法变deer;sheep;spacecraft;Japanese;crossroads;series;species;means;Swiss;Chinese;aircraft;headquarters;外来词复数形式：datum→datamedium→mediabacterium→bacteriacriterion→criteriabacterium→bacteriaphenomenon→phenomenaanalysis→analysesbasis→basescrisis→crisesthesis→thesesdiagnosis→diagnoses（4）可数和不可数意义不同的问题词汇可数名词不可数名词paper论文，试卷，报纸纸water水域水ash骨灰灰chicken鸡鸡肉hair几根头发头发iron熨斗铁fish鱼的种类，条数鱼肉air架势空气名词所有格（1）有生命或人名词后面，用_’s___（2）无生命事物名词后，用__of____（3）Tom和Jim各自的房间：Tom’sandJim’srooms（4）Tom和Jim共同的房间：TomandJim’sroom三、名词构词法–ment:表“行为”或结果–ness:“状态，性质，特点”–ist:….的专家；从事…的人–ion/-ation/-tion:行为；状态–er/-or/-ant:…..的人–ian:专长于…的人–ity/-y:性质；状态–ance/-ence:表“行动状况”–age:“状态，动作，结果，一套，一组，费用”–ship/-dom:状态；性质；地位；资格–ure:行动或结果–th:动作或过程，状态–ing:行为或状态–al:过程或状态名词构词法练习（写出下面单词名词）survive幸存survivalrefuserefusalpostpostagehardhardshipwisewisdomfreefreedomfailfailuresuccesssuccessorbetraybetrayaldeny(否认)denyalarrivearrivalapprove(赞成)approvalmisunderstandmisunderstandingsuffer（苦难）sufferingstrong（强度，优势）strengthwarm（温暖）warmthgrow（成长）growthpress(压力)pressureplease(快乐)pleasuremixmixtureexpose（暴露）depart（离开）scholarsholarshipuse（用法）usageshort（缺少）shortagemarrymarriagepack包裹packagepatient（耐心）patienceexist(存在)existanceconvenientconveniencesignificant（重要性）significanceappear(外貌)appearanceassist（助手）assistancerecover（恢复）recoveryhonesthonestypossible（可能性）possibilitysimilar（相似性）similaritypopular（普及）popularityfamiliar(熟悉)familiaritylibrary（图书管理员）librarianinvent(发明者)inventorconsult（顾问）consultantconduct（售票员）conductorinterview（采访者）interviewergarden（园丁）gardenerinform（信息）infromationconfirm（证实）confirmationcongratulatecongratulationexpressexpressionattractattractionsocial（社会主义者）socialistscience(科学家)scientistpianopianoistgeology（地质学家）geologistchemistry(化学家)chemistweak（不足之处）weaknesskind(仁慈)kindnesshappyhappinessguilty(内疚)guiltinessfriendly（友谊）friendshipaware（意识）awarenessgovern（政府）governmentachieveachievementamuseamusementequipequipmentgovern（统治者）governorstate（陈述，说明）statementpolitics（政治家）politicianmusic（音乐家）musician名词复数变化过关练习shelf→wolf→radio→glass→box→watch→classroom→life→hero→leaf→deer→goose→woman→amanteacher→thief→wife→self→photo→ox→mouse→means→Chinese→analysis→medium→thesis→awomanengineer→tooth→storyteller→potato→radio→boy→study→Negro→country→storyteller→crossroads→series→aircraft→crisis→curriculum→bacterium→Swiss→sheep→works(工厂)→daughter→try→datum→phenomenon→