三大从句讲解课件初升高衔接课

1语法专项初中三大从句从句的原理、从句的分类初中一、从句的原理我吃了一个苹果.I

ateanapple.我看见他吃了一个苹果.I

sawthatheateanapple.原本可以单独成句的“他吃了一个苹果”成为了看见作用的对象B成为A的附属成分。A即是“主人”，B服从于A。所以B即是从句AB从句二、从句的分类复习：英语中的三个句子类型？简单句拆到不能再拆并列句/并列复合句七巧板复杂句/主从复合句俄罗斯套娃二、从句的分类词性动词数词名词

副词代词介词冠词叹词形容词连词主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句宾语补语从句名词性从句定语从句名词性从句状语从句副词性从句二、从句的分类句子成分/句型主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语主语+动词主语+谓语动词+表语/主语补足语主语从句宾语从句表语/主语补语从句定语、状语、同位语定语、状语、同位语从句定语从句/形容词性从句初中一、定语从句定语从句的关系词包括关系代词、关系副词和关系限定词。关系词的选择主要涉及先行词（被定语从句修饰的词）。注：先行词在定语从句中充当一定成分，可做主语、宾语等，在从句中谓语单复数受先行词影响。1.常见的关系代词及其用法：先行词是人：作主语用who，that，作宾语用who，whom，that；先行词是事物用that，which。例:(1)Thisbook

which/thatmakesmerelaxed.(2)Mr.Gaowhohadreadthroughtheinstructionscarefullybeforedoinghisexperimentsdidn’tobtainsatisfactoryresults.(3)Ilikethispurplecup

which/thatis

oneofmybirthdaypresents.2.常见的关系副词及用法：when,where,why。当先行词是表示时间的词时，用关系副词when,(when=at/in/on/during(放在时间先行词前面的介词)+which);当先行词是表示（抽象）地点的词时，用关系副词where，(where=in/at(放在地点先行词前面的介词)+which);当先行词是reason时，用关系副词why(why=forwhich)。例:(1)Healwaysrememberedtheday

when(onwhich)hisfatherreturnedfromtheremotesmallvillageinAmerica.(2)Thisisthepointwhereyoushouldthinktomaketheproblembesolved.(3)Pleasetellmethereason

whymymoneyisinyourschoolbag.一、定语从句一、定语从句4.关系限定词及用法：whose=ofwhich,which间或也可以作关系限定词。例:(1)Thisisthe

building

whosewindows(=thewindowsofthebuilding)wereallpaintedblue.(2)Ateacherisapersonwhoseduty(=thedutyofateacher)istoteachknowledgeforstudentsintheschool.(3)Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIshouldapologise.3.that有时也可以做关系副词，相当于when,where或why,有时还可以省略。例:Marystillrememberedtheday(when/that)hisparentstookhergotothehospitalwithheryoungsistersandbrothers.一、定语从句5.定语从句分类：例:Thisisthebookthat/whichIwanttobuy.（1）限制性定语从句：无逗号，删去后意思不明确。例:Iknowhim,whoisfromCanada,willbeourEnglishteachernextterm.（2）非限制性定语从句：有逗号，删去后不影响句意。注：that，why不能引导非限制性定语从句。宾语从句初中二、宾语从句宾语可由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就被称为宾语从句。宾语从句与主句之间由连接词来连接。注：宾语从句用陈述句语序。1.定义

（1）that

引导的宾语从句（that在口语或非正式文体重常省略）例：a.Iknow(that)heisagoodEnglishteacher.b.Doyouthink(that)thechildrenneedtotakeaphoto?c.Lucysays(that)shedoesnotlikeschooluniforms.2.引导词

二、宾语从句（2）if/whether

引导的宾语从句例：a.Idon’tknowif/whetherIneedtoobeyalltheruleswhileIamhavingmealswithmyfriends.b.Couldyoutellmeif/whetheritispolitetospeakloudlyinpublic?c.Hisfatherdoesn’tseeif/whetherheisright.d.Mybrotherdon’tdecidewhetherhegotoShanghaiornot.

（if一般不与ornot连用）2.引导词

二、宾语从句（3）疑问词

引导的宾语从句疑问词包括疑问代词（what,which,who,whom,whose)和疑问副词(when,how,where,why)。例：a.YoumaywanttoknowwhatIalwayswearathome.b.IaskTomwhichChinesedishishisbestlove.c.Doyouknowwhoheis?d.Mariadoesn’tknowwhosebikeisthat.

e.Canyoutellmehowyouwillsolvethisproblem?f.Ican’tfindwheremyyoungsistersare.2.引导词

二、宾语从句例：（1）IthinkIcanhelpmyfatherwashhiscar.(2)IthinkIshouldhaveatalkwithher.(3)Iheardyouhadabadcoldlastweek.3.时态

当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，宾语从句中的时态不受主句影响。当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。注：如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理或客观事实时，从句中动词的时态不受主句的谓语动词时态限制。例：(1)Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.

(2)Hesaidhehasthreechildren.状语从句/副词性从句初中三、状语从句在复杂句/主从复合句中，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间、条件、原因、结果、比较、目的和让步状语从句等。从句由从属连词引导。1.定义

（1）because

语气最强，用来回答以why引导的疑问句，可表示已知或未知的事实。例：Theydidn’tgotoschoolonMondaybecausetheyweresick.原因状语从句：because，as，since，for（2）as

语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显，或是已知的事实，其引导的从句多放在主句之前。例：Asalltheseatswerefull,hehadtostandtheretolistentothelecture.三、状语从句（1）because

语气最强，用来回答以why引导的疑问句，可表示已知或未知的事实。例：Theydidn’tgotoschoolonMondaybecausetheyweresick.原因状语从句：because，as，since，for（2）as

语气较弱，较口语化，所表示的原因较明显，或是已知的事实，其引导的从句多放在主句之前。例：Asalltheseatswerefull,hehadtostandtheretolistentothelecture.（3）since

语气较弱，常表示对方已知的事实。例：Sinceyoudonotplaywithme,Idonotplaywithyou.（4）for

一般表示理由，进一步说明，在汉语中也可译为“因为”。例：Theteachersareveryhappy,fortheirstudentsgetgreatgrades.三、状语从句例:(1)Whenhewasalittleboy,helivedinthecountrysidewithhisgrandparents.(2)WhileIwaswalkingdownthestreetyesterday,IsawaUFOinthesky.(3)BeforewegotoBeijing,wewillpackmanythingsforit.(4)Hedidn’traisehisheaduntil/tillsomeonecalledhisname.(5)AssoonasMarrysawherbestfriends,shejumpedupanddowntoexpressherhappinessandexcitement.时间状语从句：when,while,before,after,as,until,till,assoonas等三、状语从句例:(1)Ifeveryoneobeysthetrafficrules,theroadswillbemuchsafer.(2)WewillgocampingtherenextSundayunlessitrains.条件状语从句：if,unless注:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时或具有将来的含义，从句的谓语动词用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现）三、状语从句（1）so…that…

如此……以至于……注：that后接的句子表示主句动作所导致的结果。例：IwassotiredthatIcouldn’tgoonanylonger.结果状语从句（2）sothat因此，所以

表示主句动作所导致的结果。例：MissWangplannedverywellsothatherstudentsenjoyedagoodtrip.注：sothat也可以引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，这样，为了，目的是”，从句中的谓语常常会有may,might,can,could,will,would,should这类情态动词，表示“可以，会”等含义。例：Peoplestartedtowearclothessothattheycouldprotectthemselvesfromthesun,wind,rainandcold.三、状语从句结果状语从句（3）such…that…如此……以至于……例：Janeissuchaclevergirlthateveryonelikeheralot.地点状语从句地点状语从句由where,wherever引导例：(1)Wemustcampwherewecangetwater.

(2)Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.(3)Youcangowhereyouwanttogo.三、状语从句（1）though,although虽然，纵然注：二者都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用，但是不能与but连用。例：a.Although/Thoughhewasexhausted,hestillkeptonworking.b.Although/Thoughsheisveryold,(yet)sheisquitehealthy.让步状语从句：表示“虽然，即使，尽管“等概念注：although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though

引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例：Shepassedtheexaminationthoughshehadnotstudiedveryhard.三、状语从句（2）as(though)虽然，纵然注：as

引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可以用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。让步状语从句例：a.Objectas/thoughyoumay,I’llgotheretomorrow.=Although/Thoughyoumayobject,I’llgotheretomorrow.b.Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=Although/Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.c.Childas/thoughLindawas,sheknewwhatisrightthingtodo.=Although/ThoughLindawasachild,sheknewwhatisrightthingtodo.三、状语从句（3）nomatter+疑问词=疑问词+ever“……都……;不管……都……”注：它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换，但nomatter+疑问词只能用于让步状语从句，而疑问词+ever还可以引导名词性从句。让步状语从句例：a.Nomatterwhathappened,

hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,

hewouldnotmind.b.Nomatterwhoyouare,

youmustobeytherulesandlaw.=Whoeveryouare,

youmustobeytherulesandlaw.c.Whenanyonedoessomethingforyou,nomatterhowsmallandnomatterwhetherheisasuperiororservant,it’spropertosay“Thankyou”.三、状语从句（4）evenif/eventhough即使注：意思相同但用法不同，evenif并不等同