学术综合英语罗立胜版Unit6图文

mainUnit6ACityinChinaPartASectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation1.1Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningArnoldBennettBennett,Arnold(EnochArnoldBennett),1867－1931,Englishnovelistanddramatist.Oneofthegreat20th-centuryEnglishnovelists,Bennettisfamousforhisrealisticnovelsaboutthe“FiveTowns,”animaginarymanufacturingdistrictinnorthernEngland.Bennett’searlycareerincludededitingthefashionablemagazineWomanandwritingLISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation1.2Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningwritingliteraryreviewsandarticles.About1900hebegantodevotehimselfindustriouslytohisownwork,producingaseriesofexcellentregionalnovels.Hedepictedingreatdetailthegrim,sometimessordid,livesofshopkeepersandpotters.Hisattitudetowardhischaracterswasoneofaffectionatesympathy,andhealwaysmanagedtomaketheirmundanelivesinteresting.LISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation2.1Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningHilaireBelloc

Belloc,Hilaire(JosephHilairePierreBelloc)1870－1953,Britishwriter.HebecameaBritishsubjectin1902,andfrom1906to1910wasaLiberalMemberofParliamentforSouthSalford.Poet,essayist,satirist,andhistorian,hewrotefromtheRomanCatholicviewpoint.HewasaclosefriendofG.K.ChestertonandwithhimfoundedtheNewWitness,aweeklypoliticalnewspaper.LISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation3.1Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningRebeccaWestWest,DameRebecca,1892－1983,Englishnovelistandcritic.Westbeganhercareerasajournalistforfeministandsuffragistpublications.AtvarioustimessheservedasaliterarycriticandpoliticalwriterforAmericanandBritishjournals.In1959shewasmadeaDameCommander,OrderoftheBritishEmpire.Asternanduncompromisingmoralist,Westwasoneofthefinestwritersofprosein20th-centuryBritain.LISTENINGSectionA.NewWordsandExpressionsPre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackground

InformationPartAPartBListeningluminary

loosen

matrimonial

SapphireAnniversary

hurdle

sacred

compatiblewith

agony

mortgage

泰斗，名人，杰出人物放松，变松婚姻的蓝宝石婚障碍神圣的与……相容的痛苦抵押LISTENINGSectionAListenTask1.1Listentoapassageandtrytogetitsmainideasbytakingnotes.Fillintheblanksaccordingtoyournotes.Pre-listeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBListeningThemaintopicofthislisteningmaterialisthe.thefutureofmarriage__________________LISTENINGSectionAListenTask1.2Pre-listeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBListeningBasedonthelisteningmaterialyou’vejustheard,tick(√)therightbox.ForAgainstNotGiven1stspeaker2ndspeaker3rdspeaker4thspeaker√√√√LISTENINGTask2.1Listentothepassageagainandtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.1.Whendidthefirstspeakergetmarried?45yearsago.2.Accordingtothefirstspeaker,whatcouldthegovernmentdotoencouragemarriage?Thegovernmentcouldhelpbyreintroducingthemarriedpersons’allowance.Pre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBLISTENINGTask2.23.Howlonghasthesecondspeakerbeenmarried?Fouryears.4.Whatisthewordthesecondspeakerusedtodescribeherattitudetowardmarriage?Sacred.5.Accordingtothethirdspeaker,whomdoesmarriagebenefit?Women.Pre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBLISTENINGTask2.36.Whatisthefourthspeaker’sjob?Heisateacher.7.Whenwillthefourthspeaker’sdaughtergetmarried?ThisSunday.Pre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBLISTENINGScript1.1PartAPartBWhatdoestheFutureHoldforMarriage?

Eightyyearsago,ArnoldBennett,HilaireBelloc,RebeccaWestandotherluminariespredictedthefutureofmarriage－didtheygetitright?Despiteitsdeclineinpopularityandrisingdivorcerates,BelMooneyarguesagainstthelooseningofmatrimonialties.Butdoesmarriagereallyhaveafutureinthe21stcentury?I’mRichardRight.MywifeandIhaverecentlycelebratedourSapphireAnniversary(45years),with,hopefully,

LISTENINGScript1.2PartAPartBhopefully,manyyearstocome.Wemadeacommitmenttoeachotherand,throughthickandthin,havestuckbythatcommitment.Today’sgenerationisalwaysinahurryanddoesn’tseeanythingbeyondthenexthurdle,sotheygiveupifthewallaheadlookstoohigh.Wemustencouragepeopleinthebeliefthatmarriageisthebestsocialinstitutioneverinvented,butwemustbepreparedtoworkatit.Thegovernmentcouldhelpbyreintroducingthemarriedpersons’allowance.LISTENINGScript1.3PartAPartBIfeelverydisappointedthatsomanymenfeelthewaytheyappeartoaboutmarriage.Tomemarriageissacred.Ididn’tpromisetolove,careforandbewithmyhusbanduntilnextweek,oruntilanotheroffercomesalong.Ipromisedtolovehimandbewithhiminsickness,health,richesorpovertyfortherestofourlives.Imeantit.Istillmeanitalmostfouryearson.Thingshavenotbeeneasy,butIdidn’texpectabedofroses,oreverythingtobe

LISTENINGScript1.4PartAPartBtobeplainsailing.IhaveneverexpectedsomeoneelsetosupportmeinthestyletowhichIwouldliketobecomeaccustomed.Iexpecttohavetoworkhardforthethingsthatwewant.Thenotionthatcaringandsharingissomehowold-fashionedandoutoftunewithmodernlife,andlivingtogetherisinanywaycompatiblewiththelifetimecommitmentofmarriageisjustwrong.Someofusdocare,andsomeofusdocommittoanotherandmeanit.LISTENINGScript1.5PartAPartBAnymanthatpraisesthedelightsofmarriagehasneverexperiencedtheagonyofdivorceandthelossofhischildren.Marriageisverymuchforthebenefitofwomen.Idon’tknowaboutmarriagebutthefutureoftheweddingindustryismorethansecure.MydaughterisgettingmarriedthisSundayinabeautifulceremonyinSantaBarbara.Wehadtotakeasecondmortgageonthehousetopayforit.Iamgoingtoquitteachingschoolandbecomeaweddingplanner－shemakestwicemysalary!LISTENINGEightyyearsago,ArnoldBennett,HilaireBelloc,RebeccaWestandotherluminariespredictedthefutureofmarriage－didtheygetitright?Despiteitsdeclineinpopularityandrisingdivorcerates,BelMooneyarguesagainstthelooseningofmatrimonialties.Butdoesmarriagereallyhaveafutureinthe21stcentury?I’mRichardRight.MywifeandIhaverecentlycelebratedourSapphireAnniversary(45years),with,Script2.1PartAPartBWhatdoestheFutureHoldforMarriage?

LISTENINGScript2.2PartAPartBhopefully,manyyearstocome.Wemadeacommitmenttoeachotherand,throughthickandthin,havestuckbythatcommitment.Today’sgenerationisalwaysinahurryanddoesn’tseeanythingbeyondthenexthurdle,sotheygiveupifthewallaheadlookstoohigh.Wemustencouragepeopleinthebeliefthatmarriageisthebestsocialinstitutioneverinvented,butwemustbepreparedtoworkatit.Thegovernmentcouldhelpbyreintroducingthemarriedpersons’allowance.LISTENINGScript2.3PartAPartBIfeelverydisappointedthatsomanymenfeelthewaytheyappeartoaboutmarriage.Tomemarriageissacred.Ididn’tpromisetolove,careforandbewithmyhusbanduntilnextweek,oruntilanotheroffercomesalong.Ipromisedtolovehimandbewithhiminsickness,health,richesorpovertyfortherestofourlives.Imeantit.Istillmeanitalmostfouryearson.Thingshavenotbeeneasy,butIdidn’texpectabedofroses,oreverythingLISTENINGScript2.4PartAPartBeverythingtobeplainsailing.IhaveneverexpectedsomeoneelsetosupportmeinthestyletowhichIwouldliketobecomeaccustomed.Iexpecttohavetoworkhardforthethingsthatwewant.Thenotionthatcaringandsharingissomehowold-fashionedandoutoftunewithmodernlife,andlivingtogetherisinanywaycompatiblewiththelifetimecommitmentofmarriageisjustwrong.Someofusdocare,andsomeofusdocommittoanotherandmeanit.LISTENINGScript2.5PartAPartBAnymanthatpraisesthedelightsofmarriagehasneverexperiencedtheagonyofdivorceandthelossofhischildren.Marriageisverymuchforthebenefitofwomen.Idon’tknowaboutmarriagebutthefutureoftheweddingindustryismorethansecure.MydaughterisgettingmarriedthisSundayinabeautifulceremonyinSantaBarbara.Wehadtotakeasecondmortgageonthehousetopayforit.Iamgoingtoquitteachingschoolandbecomeaweddingplanner－shemakestwicemysalary!LISTENINGSectionBBackgroundInformationPre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBTeachersWillHavePowertoSearchallPupilsforKnives

Teachersmaysearcheverypupilintheirschooliftheysuspectthatthereisaknifeonthepremises.Britain’sgrowingknifeculturehaspromptedministerstodrawupplanstotrytopreventmorestabbings.HomeOfficefiguresshowthatthenumberofchildrenaged12to14convictedofcarryingknivesatschooldoubledbetween2000and2004to170.LISTENINGL-B-P.2Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartB

AlanJohnson,theEducationSecretary,hasdecidedthatthenewViolentCrimeReductionBilldoesnotgofarenoughintacklingtheknifecultureinschoolsandwantstogiveheadteacherswiderpowerstotrackdownandseizeknives.TheBillgoingthroughParliamentallowsteacherstosearchindividualpupilsiftheyhavereasonablegroundsforsuspectingthattheyhaveaknife.Butteachersbelievethatbeingabletosearcheverypupilwouldbeeffective.LISTENINGL-B-P.3Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBThechangewouldmeanthatmanyinnocentpupilswouldbecaughtupinsearches.Teacherswouldbegivenstatutoryguidanceonhowtoconductasearch.Itwoulddefinewhatconstituted“reasonablegrounds”forsuspectingthepresenceofaknife,whatteachersshouldhavebeforeconductingasearch,howmanypeopleshouldbepresentandthesearchmethods.Theguidancewouldalsosetoutrulesonwhatsortofrecordsshouldbekept.LISTENINGL-B-P.4Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBOfficialssaidthattherecentstabbingshadillustratedtheneedforaction.Themoveispartofawidercampaignagainstthecultureofviolenceanddrugsinschools,underwhichrandomdrugtestingwillbeintroducedinsecondaryschoolsthisautumn.FromSeptember,pupilsinKentwillbetestedwithmouthswabsfordrugsincludingcannabis,cocaineandheroin.Lastmonth,KiyanPrince,15,wasstabbedtodeathoutsideaschoolinEdgware,NorthLondon.LISTENINGL-B-P.5Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBAlthoughtheViolentCrimeReductionBillisnearingtheendofitsparliamentarypassage,therewouldstillbetimetoamendit.JohnReid,theHomeSecretary,isconsideringincreasingthemaximumjailtermforcarryingaknifefromtwotofouryears.LISTENINGSectionBBackgroundInformation_AlanJohnsonAlanJohnson:aBritishLabourpolitician,whohasbeentheMemberofParliamentforHullWestandHesslesince1997.HewastheHomeSecretaryuntilMay2010andbeforethatfilledawidevarietyofCabinetpositions,includingbothHealthandEducationSecretary.PartAPartBLISTENINGSectionBBackgroundInformation_ViolentViolentCrimeReductionBill:TheViolentCrimeReductionAct2006substantiallystrengthensSchools’powerstotackle“violentcrime”byenablingthescreeningofpupilsusing“Arch”and“Wand”MetalDetectors.PartAPartBLISTENINGL-B-P.NewWordsandExpressionsinfringe 违背；侵犯yield 产生instill 逐渐灌输presumption 推测；假定prosecute 告发；检举mitigate 使缓和，使减轻abuse 滥用perpetrator 犯错的人overly 过度地，极度stance 姿态，态度pragmatism 实用主义law-abiding 遵纪守法的Pre-listeningListeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBLISTENINGTask1.1Pre-listeningListeningTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetailsPartAPartBListentoapassageandtrytogetitsmainideasbytakingnotes.Completethefollowingtableaccordingtoyournotes.Shouldteachershavethepowertosearchforknives?PointofViewReason1stspeakerTeacherscanaskstudentstoshowthemwhatwasintheirpockets.____________________________________________________________Toavoidanyunnecessarytouchingofthechild.________________________________________________________________LISTENINGTask1.2Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetails2ndspeaker3rdspeaker4rdspeakerTeachersshouldhavetherighttosearchchildren.However,itisunfairtoexpectteacherstoriskbeingattacked.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Duetothelackofrespectforteachers,itmightberisky.______________________________________________________Teachersshouldbegiventherighttosearchchildren(orcallinthepolice),howeveritshouldbecarriedoutbythepolice.____________________________________________________________________________________________________Teachersdonothavethetrainingtoundertakesuchatask.______________________________________________________________________Teachersshouldhavetherighttosearchallpupils.__________________________________________LISTENINGTask2.1Listentothepassageagainandtrytoanswerthefollowingquestions.Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetails1.Whatdidthefirstspeakerdobeforeheretired?Hewasateacher.2.Accordingtothefirstspeaker,whatwouldhedoifheneededtoknowwhatwasinachild’spockets?Hewouldaskhimorhertoshowhimwhatwasinthepockets.LISTENINGTask2.2Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetails3.Accordingtothesecondspeaker,whatdidthelast30yearsofeducational“experimentation”resultin?Lackofrespectforteachers.4.Accordingtothesecondspeaker,whoshouldconductthesearch?Thepolice.LISTENINGTask2.3Pre-listeningListeningPartAPartBTask1ListenandTakeNotesTask2ListenforDetails5.Whomdidthethirdspeakerbelievethatinmanycasestheargumentofinfringingonhumanrightswasabusedtoprotect?Theperpetrators,thosepeoplewhocarrydangerousweapons.6.Whatisthefourthspeaker’ssuggestioninthoseschoolswhereit’stoodangerousfortheteacherstodothesearch?Thepoliceshouldbecalled.LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script1.1PartAPartBShouldTeachersHavethePowertoSearchforKnives?AlanJohnson,theEducationSecretary,wantsteacherstohavethefreedomtosearchallpupilsforknives.Itishopedthemovewouldactasadeterrenttoanychildrenthinkingoftakingknivesintoschool.Butshoulditbeleftuptoteachers－orshouldsearchingfordangerousweaponsbetheresponsibilityofthepolice?Andwouldsucharulinginfringeupontherightsofinnocentchildren?LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script1.2Asaretiredteacher,ifweneededtoknowwhatwasinachild’spockets,weaskedhimorhertoshowuswhatwasinthem.Thiswayweavoidedanyunnecessarytouchingofthechild.Thechildwasinalmostallcaseswillingtocomplywiththerequest.However,thesewerejuniorchildrenandsuchinquiriesdidnotusuallyyieldaweapon.Teachersshouldnothavetosearchchildrenforknivesasparentsshouldensuretheydonotleavehomewithone.Yes,teachersshouldhavetherighttosearchchildrenasandwhentheyseefit.However,giventhelackofrespectforteachersthatthelast30

LISTENINGyearsofeducational“experimentation”hasinstilledintochildrenandtheirparents,itisunfairtoexpectteacherstoriskbeingattacked.Anychildtheywishtosearchshouldfirstbegiventheopportunitytosubmittothesearchvoluntarily.Iftheyrefuse,thechildshouldbeputintoisolationandthepolicecalledtoconductthesearch.Ifthechildrefusestostaytobesearched,thereshouldbeapresumptionthattheyareguiltyoftheoffencetheyaretobesearchedforandprosecutedaccordingly.Andnowhiningapologistsshouldbeallowedtoputforward“mitigatingcircumstances.”L-B-L.1Script1.3LISTENINGSearchingchildrenfordangerousweaponsshouldbecarriedoutbythepolice.Teachersdonothavethetrainingtoundertakesuchatask.However,theyshouldbegiventherighttosearchchildren(orcallinthepolice)iftheyfeelitnecessarytoprotectothers.Peoplecontinuetoabusetheargumentofinfringingonhumanrights;inthesecircumstances,asinsomanyothers,itisclearlyonlyprotectingtheperpetrators,thosepeoplewhocarrydangerousweapons.ThisoverlypoliticallycorrectstancehasledtothedeathofmanyinnocentpeopleandiscontinuingL-B-L.1Script1.4LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script1.5continuingtoputmanymorelivesindanger.Whateverhappenedtopragmatismanddoingourbesttoprotectthelaw-abidinginnocentpeopleofthiscountry?Ofcourseteachersshouldhavetherighttosearchallpupils－andnotjustforknivesbutwhenevertheyseefit.I’mamazedthatthisisnotalreadythecase.Pupils’civilliberties?JustanotherexampleofPCgonemad.Andinthoseschoolswhereit’stoodangerousfortheteacherstodoitthepoliceshouldbeavailabletobecalledinatshortnoticetodoitforthem.LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script2.1PartAPartBShouldTeachersHavethePowertoSearchforKnives?AlanJohnson,theEducationSecretary,wantsteacherstohavethefreedomtosearchallpupilsforknives.Itishopedthemovewouldactasadeterrenttoanychildrenthinkingoftakingknivesintoschool.Butshoulditbeleftuptoteachers－orshouldsearchingfordangerousweaponsbetheresponsibilityofthepolice?Andwouldsucharulinginfringeupontherightsofinnocentchildren?LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script2.2Asaretiredteacher,ifweneededtoknowwhatwasinachild’spockets,weaskedhimorhertoshowuswhatwasinthem.Thiswayweavoidedanyunnecessarytouchingofthechild.Thechildwasinalmostallcaseswillingtocomplywiththerequest.However,thesewerejuniorchildrenandsuchinquiriesdidnotusuallyyieldaweapon.Teachersshouldnothavetosearchchildrenforknivesasparentsshouldensuretheydonotleavehomewithone.Yes,teachersshouldhavetherighttosearchchildrenasandwhentheyseefit.However,giventhelackofrespectforteachersthatthelast30

LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script2.3yearsofeducational“experimentation”hasinstilledintochildrenandtheirparents,itisunfairtoexpectteacherstoriskbeingattacked.Anychildtheywishtosearchshouldfirstbegiventheopportunitytosubmittothesearchvoluntarily.Iftheyrefuse,thechildshouldbeputintoisolationandthepolicecalledtoconductthesearch.Ifthechildrefusestostaytobesearched,thereshouldbeapresumptionthattheyareguiltyoftheoffencetheyaretobesearchedforandprosecutedaccordingly.Andnowhiningapologistsshouldbeallowedtoputforward“mitigatingcircumstances.”LISTENINGL-B-L.1Script2.4Searchingchildrenfordangerousweaponsshouldbecarriedoutbythepolice.Teachersdonothavethetrainingtoundertakesuchatask.However,theyshouldbegiventherighttosearchchildren(orcallinthepolice)iftheyfeelitnecessarytoprotectothers.Peoplecontinuetoabusetheargumentofinfringingonhumanrights;inthesecircumstances,asinsomanyothers,itisclearlyonlyprotectingtheperpetrators,thosepeoplewhocarrydangerousweapons.ThisoverlypoliticallycorrectstancehasledtothedeathofmanyinnocentpeopleandisLISTENINGL-B-L.1Script2.5continuingtoputmanymorelivesindanger.Whateverhappenedtopragmatismanddoingourbesttoprotectthelaw-abidinginnocentpeopleofthiscountry?Ofcourseteachersshouldhavetherighttosearchallpupils－andnotjustforknivesbutwhenevertheyseefit.I’mamazedthatthisisnotalreadythecase.Pupils’civilliberties?JustanotherexampleofPCgonemad.Andinthoseschoolswhereit’stoodangerousfortheteacherstodoitthepoliceshouldbeavailabletobecalledinatshortnoticetodoitforthem.LISTENINGPartB-PairWork.1Formpairsandanswerthefollowingquestions.Afterabriefdiscussion,somestudentswillbeinvitedtopresenttheirideasinfrontoftheclass.Haveyoueverseenorreadaboutanyexamplesofsuccessfulorunsuccessfulmarriages?PairWorkSPEAKINGPartB-PairWork.22.Listthefivemostimportantfactorstoconsiderwhenchoosingyourfuturespouse.Makeacomparisontoseeifthereisanyinterestingdifferencebetweentheanswersofmalestudentsandfemalestudents.PairWorkSPEAKINGPartB-PairWork.33.Talkaboutthefollowingquotes.Doyoufindthemhumorous?a.Marriageisa3-ringcircus:Engagementring,weddingring,andsuffering.b.ImarriedMissRight.Ijustdidn’tknowherfirstnamewasAlways.c.Thentherewasamanwhosaid,“IneverknewwhatrealhappinesswasuntilIgotmarried;andthenitwastoolate.”PairWorkSPEAKINGPartB-PairWork.1_popPairWork1.Foranysuccessfulmarriagetherearecertainchangesamanandawomanhavetomake.Theyhavetobeflexibleandopenandreadyfornewexperiencesandwaysofliving.Ifamanandwomandonotmakechangessuccessfully,theirmarriagesmaybecomeunsuccessful.SPEAKINGPartB-PairWork.2_popPairWork2.Forwoman:1Hemustberespectfultoallwomen.2.Hemustbeconsiderate.3.Hemustnothaveatemper.4.Hemustbetotallydependable.5.Hemusthaveagoodjobandagoodsalary.6.Hemustbeself-confident.7.Hemustnotsmokeorbeanalcoholic.8.Hemustbeforgiving.9.Hemusthaveagoodsenseofhumor.10.Hemustbeabletocook.Forman:1Makesurethatthewomanyouarelookingforwillmakeagoodwife.2Makecertainthatthegirlisnotafemalechauvinist.3Makesurethatthegirlisnotshallowanddemeaning.SPEAKINGPartB-PairWork.3_pop1PairWorka.Aringisanecessarypresentinone’smarriage.Tobeacouple,amanusuallysendstoawomananengagementringandaweddingring.Whenmarried,manmayfindheisinasufferingprocess,hemayhavenofreedomtodowhathelikes,andthenfeelssufferedfrommarriage.Itiscertainlyahumorhereinthatthe“ring”in“suffering”isnoringatall.3SPEAKINGPartB-PairWork.3_pop2PairWorkb.Inamarriage,thehusbandmayfindhiswifeverystubbornandnarrow-mindedwhoalwaysrequireshimtoabidebyheropinions.Herethissayinghumorouslydepictedthesituationofthehusband.c.Whenoneissingle,heorshemaynotunderstandthehappinessoflife.Tobesingleornot,itisaquestion.Untiloneisinwedlockwithanotherone,heorshemayfindthathappinessisperhapstobesingle.SPEAKINGBeforeReading1.Watchavideoclipanddiscussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.1)CanyoutalkaboutyourimpressionofKaifeng?2)SaysomethingofNewYork,andmakeacomparisonofthetwocities.BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADINGR-A-1BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingREADINGR-A-1_pop1BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOntothecitygatesbywater,openwidethewatergate,enoughofthefeastsanddrawsofthecountrylife,forthetimehascomewhenwemayenterthegreatwallsofourcityinKathay,seatofheremperor’s.ThisnowisKaifeng,capitalofthecentralgloriouskingdom.Thecenterofthecenteroftheuniverse.READINGR-A-1_pop2BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingButletuslingeryetwellforanotherglimpseofthefestival.Onemanworksbyliftingbags;anotheronthehighroadliftsspirits.Thescrolloflifeunrollstothecitythatisnowathand.Bywaterandbyland,mencometoknockonhergates,seekouthermeaningandconquerherchallenges.Asthegatesarepast,cityscenesreplacethefestival,scenesfamiliartodayasincenturiespastwithonlytheactorschanged.READINGR-A-2.1BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2.IntroductionofKaifengKaifengisoneoftheSevenAncientCapitalsofChina.LikeBeijing,therearemanyreconstructions.In364BC,thestateofWeiduringtheWarringStatesPeriodfoundedacitycalledDaliangasitscapitalinthisarea.Duringthisperiod,thefirstofmanycanalsintheareawasconstructed;itlinkedalocalrivertotheYellowRiver.WhentheStateofWeiwasconqueredbytheQin,Kaifengwasdestroyedandabandonedexceptforamid-sizedmarkettown,whichremainedinitsplace.READINGR-A-2.2BeforeReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDuringtheSongDynasty,calledDongjingorBianjingthen,Kaifengwasthecapitalwithapopulationofover400,000,livingbothinsideandoutsidethecitywall.Typhuswasanacuteproblemofthecity.Kaifengreacheditspeakofimportanceinthe11thcentury,whenitwasacommercialandindustrialcenterattheintersectionoffourmajorcanals.Duringthis