英语句子成分与句子结构

Sentenceelementsandsentencestructures01Sentenceelements02Sentencestructures0304ContentsPracticeSummaryThelittleboypaintedthedoorgreenyesterday01Sentenceelements主语Sentenceelements谓语宾语定语表语状语补语comentattributiveobjectadverbialpredicativesubjectverbpredicateHarryPotterSubject句子所谈论的人或事物。HarryesthecaTobeagoodcamembersWhatHarryhatesmostissmoingTherefore,smoingisstrictlyforbiddenBytheway,sevenisHarry’sfavoritenumber代词名词数词不定式动名词主语从句PracticeThesunrisesintheeastShewentoutinahurry代词名词Fourisnotabadnumber数词Toseeistobelieve不定式Driningisbadforhealth动名词Whatheneedsisaboo主语从句FindoutthesubjectofeachsentenceandidentifyitspartofspeechVerbPredicate说明主语的动作、状态和特征。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成复合谓语:由情态动词/助动词动词HarrymetRonHarrylooedafterRonHarrycanplayQuidditchwellPredicative连系动词liningverbs之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Liningverbs1表示主语的特征状态：be,feel,seem,loo,smell,sound,taste,…2表示主语由一种状态转变为另一种状态：become,get,turn,go,fall,grow,…3表示主语保持或继续某种状态：remain,stay,eep,…Harry’ssocsmellsbadHarry’sfaceturnsredHarry’shairremainsmessyDescribetheeachgroupPracticeGroue,get,turn,go,growGrouain,stay,eepdish,deliciousyellowsilent/quietObject动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。WhichindsofwordcanbetheobjectofasentenceGivesomesentenceeamplesHermionealfoy名词Object代词名词数词不定式动名词宾语从句HermionealfoyAttributive修饰名词或代词。如果定语是单个词，通常放在被修饰词的前面；如果是词组，通常放在被修饰词的后面。Harryhadathinface,blachairandbright-greeneyesHeworeroundglassesheldtogetherwithalotofSellotaonthenoseTheonlythingHarryliedabouthisownappearancewasaverythinscaronhisforeheadwhichwasshapedlieaboltoflightningAdverbial修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件、伴随情况、程度等。Harrystudieshard副词Harrywenttoschoolbytrain介词短语Harrystudieshardtolearnmagicwell不定式Harrystoodbytheroadsideagic分词IfHarrystudieshard,hewill状语从句PracticeDistinguishbetweenattributiveandadverbial修饰名词、代词vs修饰动词、形容词、句子AnearlyrisergetsupearlyAfasttraintravelsfastDailynewspapersarepublisheddailyThisishardworWehavetoworhardattributiveadverbialComent分为主语补语和宾语补语，用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或情况。名词、形容词、副词、分词、不定式、介词短语都可以在句子中作宾补。宾补IsawHarryplayingneartheriver变被动主补HarrywasseenplayingneartheriverWemadeHarrycaptainHarrywasmadecaptainHarrypushedthedooropenThedoorwaspushedopensubject主语verb(predicate)谓语object宾语attributive定语predicative表语adverbial状语complement补语SentenceelementsThelittleboypaintedthedoorgreenyesterdayLet’sanalyethesentence!Homewor-checing一、宾语间接宾语谓语表语主语状语7宾补8定语9宾补10定语11表语12状语二、Theywillworonthefarm主谓状Thebooslyingontheflooraremine主系表Ialwaysfindherhappy主状谓宾宾补4HewondersifIstillstudyEnglish主谓宾MymotherthrewtheletterwhichI主谓宾receivedyesterday

Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers主谓间宾直宾7Tocatchthetrain,Igotuy主谓状hometowninthepasttenyears状Theteacherplacedonhisdes主谓状alargejarfilledwithdriedbeans宾andinvitedthestudentstohavealoo谓宾宾补10Whenaaybeimpliedis主系thatthepersonwantsthelistenertothin表11Sarah,whohastaenpartintheshows,主wants谓toprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty宾02Sentencestructures英语五种基本句型：SV（主＋谓）SVP（主＋系＋表）SVO（主＋谓＋宾）SVOO（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）SVOC（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）ThestudentsleepsTheteachercriesWhocaresSV主＋谓不及物动词IloveEnglishIlovelearningEnglishIlovetolearnEnglishIlovewhatIamlearningSVO主＋谓及物动词＋宾SVP主＋系＋表主语＋连系动词＋表语表语说明主语的性质、状态和特征。表示状态：Harry’ssocsmellsbad状态改变：Harry’sfaceturnsred状态保持：Harry’shairremainsmessy表语和主语是相联系的。区分：“主谓宾”vs“主系表”表语：表示说明主语vs宾语：动作承受者TheboyismystudentTheboyhugsmystudent主系表主谓宾请判断：“主谓宾”or“主系表”？表语：表示说明主语vs宾语：动作承受者ItastethesoupThesouptastesdeliciousHeeeoney主系表主系表主谓宾主谓宾SVO＋O主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人间接宾语，一个指物直接宾语。TomgaveJerryaissMissWuteachesusbiologyShecooedherhusbandadeliciousmeal造句（双宾句）：buy；bring；writeSVO＋C主＋谓＋宾＋宾补宾补补充说明前面的宾语。宾语与宾补有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。ThewarmadehimasoldierHeisasoliderIoftenfindhimatworHeisatworIseeacatrunningacrosstheroadAcatisrunningacrosstheroad区分：“主谓双宾”vs“主谓宾＋宾补”主谓双宾：两个宾语可以互换位置，只需要加上介词to,for等。TheteachergaveusalittlehomeworTheteachergavealittlehomewortous区分：“主谓双宾”vs“主谓宾＋宾补”主谓宾＋宾补：宾语是宾补逻辑上的主语。WecallhimWeiYingchaoHeisWeiYingchaoMaryassmetolooatherIlooather请判断：“主谓双宾”or“主谓宾＋宾补”？IwillmaehermygirlfriendIwillmaeherabirthdaycae主谓宾＋宾补主谓双宾定语和状语并非句子的必要成分，但定语和状语可以使句子更加生动。CometagirlImetabeautifulgirlwithbrightblueeyesHesitsBecauseoffear,hesitstheresoundlessly区分：“定语”vs“宾补”一、作用不同定语：在句中修饰名词或代词。宾补：补充说明句子宾语的身份、状态或动作。二、位置不同定语：在名词或代词之前，或之后。宾补：紧跟宾语之后。Harryhasathinscaronhisforehead定语WemadeHarrycaptain03Practice下列句子是哪种结构？1Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome2Allofusconsideredhimhonest3Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes4Hebroeapieceofglass5LegendsneverdieSVPSVOCSVOOSVOSV把下列成分排序，组成正确的句子。onemorningIfishedintheriverwheretwowomenwashedclothesIlooedinthedirectionofthecallandsawaboyfallingintotheriverthemothergavemeathousandthanshappyIatthatmomentfeltOnemorningIfishedintheriverwheretwowomenwashedclothesIlooedinthedirectionofthecallandsawaboyfallingintotheriverThemo