宴请口译词汇

饮食记忆力训练练习Manynon-ItaliansidentifyItaliancookingwithafewofitsmostpopulardishes,likepizzaandspaghetti.PeopleoftenexpresstheopinionthatItaliancookingisallprettymuchalike.However,thosewhotravelthroughItalynoticedifferencesineatinghabitsbetweencities,eventhoseonlyafewmilesapart.Notonlydoeseachregionhaveitsownstyle,buteachcommunityandeachvalleyhasadifferentwayofcookingaswell.世界的饮食由于地理位置、风俗习惯、物产等的不同，形成了各异的风格。有人把世界菜系分为三大类，是指：中国菜系，包括中国、朝鲜、日本、东南亚若干国家及南亚一些国家，以中餐为代表，这是世界人口最多的一个菜系。法国菜系：包括欧洲、美洲、大洋洲等许多国家，占地面积最大，以西餐为主体。土耳其菜系：又称清真菜系，包括中亚、西亚、南亚及非洲一些国家。笔记训练Foodisoneofthethingsweneedforsurvival,butitisalsosomethingthathasbecomeapartofmanyAmericantraditions.Wehavethosecertainfoodsweeatonholidaysandmanygeographicallocationsareknownforcertainfoods.Notonlythat,butfastfoodwasstartedinAmerica.Americaisameltingpotofculturesandtheirfoods.粤菜的形成和发展有着悠久的历史。由于广州地处珠江三角洲，水陆交通四通八达，所以很早便是岭南政治、经济、文化中心，饮食文化比较发达。并且由于广东是我国最早对外通商的口岸之一，在长期与西方国家经济往来和文化交流中，吸收了一些西菜的烹调方法，促进了粤菜的形成和发展。口译练习中餐大多是先上冷盘、饮料及酒，后上热菜，然后上主食，最后上甜点和水果。AtypicalChinesebanquetstartswithcolddishes,andbeveragesanddrinks,followedbyhotdishesandmaincourses.Dessertsandfruitsareservedasthelastcourse.四川菜的辣是世界有名的，辣椒、胡椒、姜是川菜烹调中不可缺少的原料。Sichuancuisineisworld-famousforitshot,spicydishes.Hotchili,pepperandgingeraretheever-presentingredients.北京菜种类繁多，它要求刀功好、香味浓、配料精。Beijingcuisinehasagreatdealofvarietyandemphasizesfineslicingtechniques,richaromaandsophisticatedseasonings.中国的素菜起源于佛教寺庙，主要以豆类和豆制品为主．VegetarianfoodinChinaoriginatedinBuddhisttemplesandconsistsmainlyofbeans,andbeanproducts.在做菜时，一定要注意火候，这样，一道菜才能够色、香、味、形惧全。Greatattentionispaidtotheexactdegreeofheatwhilecookingsothatcolor,taste,smellandappearanceofthedishareallattheirbest.我国悠久的历史、广袤的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。China’slonghistory,vastterritoryandextensivecontactwithothernationsandcultureshavegivenbirthtothedistinctiveChineseculinaryart.白酒一般是由高粱和小麦酿成，酒精度数较高。在众多中国产的白酒里，茅台酒是首屈一指的。Liquorisusuallybrewedfromsorghumandwheat,andhasahighdegreeofalcohol.AmongthegreatnumberoffamousspiritsproducedinChina,Maotainranksfirst.宫保鸡丁、铁板牛柳和鱼香肉丝是最受外国人欢迎的三道中国菜。中国的烹调主要分四大菜系，它们是：黄河流域的鲁菜，长江上游的川菜，长江中下游和华东沿海一带的江浙菜以及珠江流域、南方沿海一带的粤菜。Chinesecuisinefallsintofourmajorcategories,ShangdongcuisinealongtheYellowRivervalley,SichuancuisinealongtheupperreachesoftheYnagtzeRiver,Jiangsu-ZhejiangcuisinealongthemiddleandlowerreachesoftheYangtzeRiverandChina’ssouth-eastcoast;andGuangdibgcuisinealongthePearlRivervalleyandChina’ssouthcoast.在中国，南方人的主食是米饭，北方人的主食是面或馒头。ThestaplefoodisriceforsouthernersandnoodleorsteamedbreadfornorthernersinChina.Caviar,artichokes,snailsandasparagusareconsideredhigh-classfoodinFrenchcooking.鱼子酱、朝鲜蓟、蜗牛和芦笋在法国菜中被公认为是高档食物。AtThanksgivingandChristmas,manyofuslookforwardtoturkey,ham,stuffing,mashedpotatoes,cranberrysauce,collardgreens,cornbreadandcasserolesgalore.在感恩节和圣诞节，我们许多人期待吃到火鸡、火腿、馅饼、土豆泥、红梅酱、羽衣甘蓝、玉米砂锅。Almosteverythingthatisservedatacocktailpartyorduringapre-mealcocktailhourisintendedtobeeatenwiththefingers.Thisincludesolives,pickles,nuts,deviledeggs,andchips.在鸡尾酒会上或正餐前的鸡尾会上提供的食物几乎都可以用手取着吃。这些食物有橄榄、酱菜、坚果、魔蛋和薯片。Italiancookingisfamoustheworldover.Everyonehasheardofspaghetti,pizza,macaroniandthenthereareItalianwinessuchasChianti.PastaisthemostcommonItalianfood.Therearemanydifferentvarietiesservedwithmanykindsofsauces.意大利菜闻名世界。人人都听说过意大利面、比萨、通心粉，还有意大利葡萄酒如基安蒂红葡萄酒。面食是意大利主食，有各种用料不同的种类。Italy'sclimateisverysuitableforgrowingtomatoesquicklyandcheaply,sotomatoesareacommoningredientofeverydaymealscookedbyItalians.TomatosauceisacommonbaseforItalianrecipes.意大利的气候非常适合西红柿的种植，生长快且成本低，因此西红柿是意大利菜中常用的佐料。西红柿酱是意大利菜谱中的常用配料。OtherstaplesofItaliancuisine-especiallyoliveoilandwine-areveryMediterranean.OlivegrovesandvineyardshavebeencommoninItalyandelsewhereinsouthernEuropeforthousandsofyears.意大利菜中的其他主食，特别是橄榄油和葡萄酒，非常具有地中海风味。在意大利以及欧洲南部的其他地方，橄榄林和葡萄园数千年来一直非常普遍。NewYorkCityhasalotofcheapplacestoeat.Therearepizzaplaces,delis,diners,taquerias,andbagelshopswhereonecangetagoodmealforunder5USdollars.Ifyoudon’twanttobothertogoinsidetofindsomethingtoeat,youcanlooknofurtherthantheneareststreetcornerforfoodstandswhichprovideasurprisinglyvarietyoffoods.在纽约有很多很便宜的吃饭的地方，包括比萨店、熟食店、小餐馆、墨西哥快餐店和贝果面包店等，在这些地方花不到五美元就可以吃得很好。如果你不乐意到这些店里面去找吃的，你还可以在就近街区角落的食品摊吃到各种各样的食物。Themeatsmostcommonlyusedinmaincoursesarechicken,veal(calf)andpork,whichareoftenpan-friedorcasseroled.Beefisusedassteaks,whilelambisroastedonspecialoccasions,suchasEasterandChristmas.Fishandotherseafoodareoftenusedasmaincourses.Commonvegetablesarebeans(greensandpulses),potatoes(oftensautéed),carrotsandsalads.主菜中常吃的肉食有鸡肉，牛肉和猪肉，通常是煎制或炖制的。牛肉常用作牛排，而在万圣节和圣诞节等特殊场合，羊肉则用来烤着吃。鱼类和其他海鲜也常用在主菜中。常吃的蔬菜有豆类（绿色的豆苗和干豆）、土豆（通常炖制）、胡萝卜和色拉。ThegreatBritishbreakfastisfamousthroughouttheworld.ThetypicalEnglishbreakfastisa19thcenturyinvention,whenthemajorityofEnglishpeopleadoptedthelargemealofporridge,fish,baconandeggs,toastandmarmalade.TodaymanyBritishpeoplearemorelikelytohaveabowlofcornflakesoracupofcoffeewithacigarettethantoindulgeinthewondersofthisfeast!英式早餐全球闻名。最典型的英式早餐创制于19世纪，那时大多数英国人把麦片粥、鱼类、培根荷包蛋和果酱面包作为早餐。而今天很多英国人早餐时更喜欢喝一碗玉米片或一杯咖啡外加一直香烟，而不是继续沉浸在过去的“丰盛”早餐中。AlthoughsometraditionaldishessuchasroastbeefandYorkshirepudding,steakandkidneypie,orfishandchips,remainpopular,therehasbeenasignificantshiftineatinghabitsinBritain.Riceandpastahaveaccountedforthedecreaseinpotatoconsumptionandtheconsumptionofmeathasalsofallen.Vegetableandsaladoilshavelargelyreplacedtheuseofbutter.尽管一些传统菜，如烤牛肉、约克郡布丁、牛排腰子派和烤鱼薯片仍很流行，但英国人的饮食习惯已发生了很大的转变。米饭和面食的普及引起了马铃薯消耗量的下降，同时肉食的消耗量也在下降。植物油和色拉油也已大大取代了黄油。常用词汇烹调方式：炒；煸stir-fry；sauté爆quick-fry炸deep-fry煎pan-fry蒸steam炖；煲；焖；煨stew；braise；simmer白灼，烫scald烤；roastbroil熏smoke铁扒grill氽quick-boil腌pickle,salt卤制marinate切菜方式：丝shred片slice丁dice,cube柳fillet菜名冷盘：Horsd’Oeuvres,coldplates,appetizer,starter热盘：hotdishes点心：pastry,refreshment海鲜：海蜇：jellyfish墨鱼：cuttlefish鱿鱼：squid龙虾：lobster鲍鱼：ablone海参：seacucumber鱼翅：shark’sfin生蚝：oyster蔬菜：芹菜：celery西兰花：broccoli花菜：cauliflower菠菜：spinach芦笋：asparagus刀豆：bean豆苗：空心菜：hollow-stemgreenvegetable水果：火龙果thedragonfruit木瓜papaya石榴pomegranate柿子persimmon荔枝lychee点心：饺子：Chineseravioli馄饨：wanton汤圆：sweetdumplinginsoup小笼包子：steameddumplingswithporkfilling生煎：pan-frieddumplingswithporkfilling酒酿圆子：dumplingsoupwithfermentedglutinousrice春卷：springroll酒白酒、烈酒strongspirit/liquor黄酒yellowricewine生啤draftbeer黑啤darkbeer（酒）加冰的ontherocks（酒）不加冰的straightup干杯Bottomsup饮料矿泉水