2023-2024学年度外研版必修二Unit6 Earth first学案

2023-2024学年度外研版必修二Unit6Earthfirst学案eq\a\vs4\al(分类背单词)Ⅰ.“妙记”简单词汇1．sharkn． 鲨(鱼)2．finv. 切去(鱼的)鳍n. 鱼鳍3．targetv. 把……作为目标4．attituden. (尤指通过行为表现出的对某事的一般)看法，态度5．oceann. 海洋，大海6．huntingn. 打猎，狩猎7．staffn. 员工8．damagev. 破损，损害，损伤9．floodn. 洪水，水灾10．supplyn. (煤气、电力、自来水等)供应(系统)11．solaradj. 利用太阳光(能)的12．smogn. 烟雾，雾霾13．fogn. 雾14．falseadj. 不正确的，错误的15．amountn. 数量，数额16．moden. (机器、设备的)运行方式，状态，模式17．leakv. (使)漏，(使)渗漏18．litren. 升，公升19．averageadj. 平均(数)的Ⅱ.“勤回首”易忘词汇1．highlightv. 使……突出，使注意力集中于2．reserven. (野生生物)保护区3．droughtn. 旱灾，干旱4．restorev. 使恢复5．adoptv. 采取(某种方法)6．bulbn. 灯泡7．renewableadj. (能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢复的8．carbonn. 碳9．greenhousen. 温室，暖房10．brochuren. 小册子11．releasev. 释放，排放12．severeadj. (问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的13．sliden. 幻灯片14．devicen. 设备，仪器，装置15．stand－byadj. 备用的16．appliancen. 家用电器，家用器具17．plugn. (电)插头18．campaignn. (宣传)活动19．canteenn. (工厂、学校等的)食堂，餐厅Ⅲ.“辨清用准”形变词汇1．scarev.使(某人)惊恐，吓唬→scaredadj.害怕的，担心的→scaryadj.恐怖的；吓人的2．divev.(通常指使用呼吸设备的)潜水→divingn．跳水运动→divern．跳水运动员；潜水员3．fortunen．运气；财富→fortunateadj.幸运的；吉利的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunatelyadv.不幸地4．extinctadj.灭绝的，绝种的→extinctionn.灭绝，绝种5．devotev．致力，献身，倾注→devotionn．奉献，专心→devotedadj.专心致志的，忠诚的6．crueladj.残酷的→cruellyadv.残酷地；非常→crueltyn.残忍，残酷，残暴7．presentv.提出；颁发；展现；表达，介绍→presentationn.报告，(观点的)陈述，说明；展示会；演示；颁发8.establishv．建立，设立→establishmentn．建立，创立9．affectv．影响→effectn．影响；结果→affectionn．喜爱；钟爱10．sustainv．维持(生命、生存)；使保持→sustainableadj.可持续的，不破坏环境的→sustainabilityn．耐久性；可持续性11．reusen．重新使用→reusableadj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的12．reducev．减少，降低→reductionn．减少，降低13．infectv．传染，使感染→infectionn．感染，传染病→infectiveadj.传染性的14．lecturen．(尤指大学里的)讲座，讲课，演讲→lecturern．讲授者；讲师15．permitv．允许n．许可证→permissionn．允许，许可16．majoradj.主要的，重要的v．主修→majorityn．多数，大多数(人或物)17．electricityn．电→electricadj.电的；用电的→electricaladj.电的；发电的；与电学有关的18．removev．移走，搬走，去掉→removaln．移动；消除；搬迁→removableadj.可去除的19．urgev．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促→urgencyn．紧迫；紧急的事→urgentadj.紧急的；迫切的→urgentlyadv.急迫地；紧急地20．concernn．关心，担心v.使关心；和……有关→concernedadj.焦急的，担忧的→concerningprep.关于21．contributev．促成，造成(某事发生)→contributionn．贡献，捐款Ⅳ.“归类串记”族群词汇1．“灾难”名词集锦①flood水灾，洪水②catastrophe大灾难③typhoon台风④drought旱灾，干旱⑤earthquake地震⑥tsunami海啸2．“情绪”形容词多变①scared惊恐的；害怕的②terrified非常害怕的③frightened害怕的④confident自信的⑤bored无聊的⑥ashamed羞愧的⑦excited兴奋的⑧confused迷惑的3．“允许；禁止”须知①permitv．允许②allowv．允许③admitv.允许④banv．&n.禁止⑤prohibitv.禁止⑥forbidv.禁止eq\a\vs4\al(联想积词块)Ⅰ.再认再现单元内词块1．in_fear 处于恐惧中2．be_scared_of 害怕……3．due_to 由于，因为4．cut_off 切断；中断；剪掉5．have_a(n)_．.._effect_upon/on 对……有影响6．see_...as_... 把……看作……7．the_other_way_round_ 相反；相反的情况8．mistake_...for_... 把……误认为……9．break_down 分解；出故障；(谈判等)失败10．up_to 多达；由……决定11．common_sense 常识12．take_...into_account 把……考虑进去13．call_on 呼吁，号召；拜访(某人)14．come_up_with 提出；想出；赶上Ⅱ.类比串记单元外词块1．“be＋情感形容词＋of”的相关短语bescaredof 害怕……beafraidof 害怕……befrightenedof 害怕……befondof 喜欢……betiredof 厌恶……beashamedof 为……感到羞耻beproudof 为……感到自豪2．“因为，由于”的相关短语dueto由于，因为thanksto幸亏；由于becauseof因为owingto因为；由于inviewof由于；鉴于onaccountof因为；由于eq\a\vs4\al(熟背好句好段)Ⅰ.背好句——一句点亮篇1．形容词短语作状语教材原句Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.由于害怕遇上电影里描绘的这种可怕生物，有些人再也不去海里游泳了。推荐佳句①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Shockedandproud,theirmothersaidinasweetwhisper,“Thanks,mykids.Ireallyappreciatewhatyouhavedoneforme！”他们的母亲既震惊又骄傲，愉快地低声说道：“谢谢，我的孩子们。我真的很感激你们为我所做的一切！”②Devotedandunited,ChinesepeopleareworkingforanewChina.中国人民团结一心，为建设新中国而奋斗。2．倍数表达法教材原句However,makingapaperbagusesfourtimesasmuchenergyasmakingaplasticbaganduptothreetimestheamountofwater.然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。推荐佳句①Aslongasyoudevotetwicemoretimeandenergythanyoudidbefore,Ibelieveyouaresuretomakegreatprogress.只要你投入比以前多两倍的时间和精力，我相信你一定会取得很大的进步。②(新教材北师大版选择性必修1佳句)Theyfoundthathumanactivityiscausingspeciestodieout1,000timesfasterthannormal.他们发现人类活动导致物种灭亡的速度是正常灭亡速度的1000倍。Ⅱ.背好段——细节见功夫形体描写之“面”Afterawhile,Ifeltsomethingawakingmefromsleep.Itwaswarmbreathhittingmerightintheface.Islowlyopenedmyeyesandsawasweet－lookingfacecoveredinwhiteandgoldfur.Itspinknosewasbreathingonme,anditsbig,browneyeswerelookingatmewithlove.Ismiledandsaid,“Hello,Fluffy.”Suddenlymyfacewascoveredindogkisses.Ihuggedhisneck,pattedhishead,scratchedhisbellyandlaughedashecontinuedtoshowermewithhislove.过了一会儿，我感到有什么东西把我从睡梦中唤醒。那是温暖的呼吸，扑面而来。我慢慢睁开眼睛，看到一张甜美的脸，上面覆盖着白色和金色的毛发。它粉红色的鼻子在嗅着我的身体，棕色的大眼睛带着爱看着我。我笑着说：“你好，毛毛。”突然，它狂吻着我的脸。伴随着它继续向我倾诉爱，我拥抱它的脖子，轻拍它的头，挠挠它的肚子，笑着。[点评]本段中从“face,eyes,nose”等与面部相关的部位进行描述，形象地刻画了主人和宠物狗之间的温馨互动画面。同时，作者也动用了触觉、视觉、嗅觉和听觉等各种感官进行生动地描写。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Fortunately(幸运地)forthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven'tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.2．(2022·全国甲卷)June8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay,whoseaimistoraisepeople'sawarenessofprotectingoceans(海洋).3．(2022·全国乙卷)ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff(员工),oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.4．(2022·北京高考)Oneday,Iattendedapresentation(报告)bywildlifeconservationistGrantBrownatmyhighschool.5．(2022·浙江1月高考)Yetproperlyunderstood,theageofelectricity(电)ismerelythesecondstageintheageofsteam,whichbeganacenturyearlier.6．Ittakesalongtimetorestore(使恢复)natureonceitisdamaged.7．Mysistermethimatthecinemayesterdayafternoon,sohecouldn'thaveattendedyourlecture(讲座)．8．Itreallyseemedagesbeforethepolicecameonthesceneandclearedawaythedamaged(破损的)cars.9．Thecampaign(活动)isdesignedtoincreasepublicawarenessoftheissues.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．(2022·北京高考)Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody,whichisreadyto_be_targeted(target)byviruses.2．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staffincarehomeshavereportedareduction(reduce)intheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.3．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)ItistenyearssinceTalkandTalkwas_established(establish).4．(2022·浙江1月高考)Ifeltsohelplessandinsecurebecausethequalityofmylifewas_affected(affect).5．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)MyparentsthoughtallofthiswasagrandideaandcalledBetsy'sdadwiththeirpermission(permit)．6．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcerned(concern)thattheydecidedtopayhuntersD|S5atail.7．Jackiehas_been_devoted(devote)tovoluntaryworkeversincehegraduatedfromcollege.Ⅲ.选词填空breakdown,haveaneffecton,cutoff,dueto,callon,infear,theotherwayround,take...intoaccount1．Ourwatersupplyhasbeencut_offforthepastweek.2．Isittheyearswhenyouworkedinthefactorythathave_an_effect_onyourliteraryworks?3．Thelittlegirlyelledin_fearatthesightofthehugesnake.4．I'dappreciateitifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsinto_account.Idohopemytipswillbehelpfultoyou.5．Thoughtheprogramwaswelldesigned，cooperationbetweenthetwocompanieseventuallybroke_downbecauseneitherofthemwaswillingtomakeacompromise.6．Due_totheapplicationofthismedicaltechnology，somediseasescanbetreatedattheearlystage.7．Thegovernmentcalls_ontheyouthtodonatetheirbloodvoluntarily.8．You'dthinkyouweretheonewhodidmethefavor,andnotthe_other_way_round.Ⅳ.多维表达(按要求完成句子)1．(完成句子)Not_only_does_she_treatusfriendlybut_(also)_she_teachesinahumorousway.她不但对我们很友好，而且还用一种很幽默的方式教学。2．(完成句子)Shehurriedupthesteps,nervous_and_pale.她匆忙走上台阶，神情紧张，脸色苍白。3．(完成句子)Everything_taken_into_account,_wewouldn'thavemadethismistake.如果把一切都考虑进去，我们就不会犯这个错误了。4．(完成句子)Differentteachersmake_different_contributions_toastudent'sgrowth.不同的教师在学生的成长过程中做着不同的贡献。5．(一句多译)我们学校最近修建了一个新体育馆，它是原来的两倍大。①Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadiumrecently,whichistwice_as_large_asthepreviousone.(large)②Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadiumrecently,whichistwice_larger_thanthepreviousone.(larger)③Ourschoolhasbuiltanewstadiumrecently,whichistwice_the_size_ofthepreviousone.(size)1．scarev．使(某人)惊恐，吓唬(1)scaresb.intodoingsth. 威胁/恐吓某人做某事scaresb.todeath 使某人大受惊吓/吓得要死scare...away/off 把……吓跑(2)scaredadj. 害怕的，恐惧的，担心的bescaredofsb./sth. 害怕某人或某物bescaredofdoingsth.＝bescaredtodosth. 害怕做某事(3)scaryadj. 令人害怕的；吓人的[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Seeingmanycarsgoingupanddownthestreet,theboyswerescaredto_cross(cross)thestreet.②Thesilenceinthedarkbuildingwasscary(scare).Nosoundandvoicewasheardatthatmoment.③Shetriestoscarethechildintobehavingwell.④Havingmademistakes,heis_scared_offacinghisstrictteacher.他犯了错，不敢去面对严厉的老师。2．devotev．致力，献身，倾注(1)devote...to... 献身于……；致力于……bedevotedto 专心于，致力于(2)devotionn. 奉献，忠诚devotionto 对……的忠诚/关爱[演绎法练通](1)单句语法填空/完成句子①Herstoryisaremarkableexampleofhowhardworkanddevotion(devote)canleadtosportingexcellence.②Forexample,teachersinremoteruralareasaredevotedtochanging(change)thelivesofthepeoplewithlessaccesstotheadvantagesenjoyedbymanyothers.③(2022·浙江1月高考)Idecidedto_devote_myself_tothetaskofworkingwiththesubjects,whilehedevelopedthescientificmodel.我决定全身心地投入到研究课题的工作中，而他则开发了科学模型。④(2022·北京高考)Itisimportantforeveryoneto_devote_some_time_tohealthandfitness.对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。(2)句式升级⑤BecauseLucyisdevotedtowritingwhatshehasreflectedoninlife,shehasbeenrecognizedasaLuXun.→Devoted_to_writing_what_she_has_reflected_on_in_life,_shehasbeenrecognizedasaLuXun.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)→Devoting_herself_to_writing_what_she_has_reflected_on_in_life,_shehasbeenrecognizedasaLuXun.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)(1)devote用作及物动词，后面的宾语可以是time,life,money,energy，也可以是oneself，作状语或定语时用－ing形式；bedevotedto结构作定语或状语时用－ed形式。(2)devote...to...中的to为介词，后跟名词或动名词等。eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])3．majorityn．多数，大多数(人或物)(单句语法填空/完成句子)①Whentheheadmasterspokeouthisplan,themajority(major)ofthestudentsintheclasswereagainstit.②Themajorityofthebuildingswere(be)builtinthe1970s.③Themajoritywas/were(be)infavourofthesuggestionatthemeetingheldyesterday.④So,itmaybeonlyaminority(minor)ofyoungpeoplewhoplayclassicalinstruments.⑤HowIwishIhad_majored_in_medicineinsteadofhistorywhenIwasatcollege!我多么希望我在大学时主修的是医学而不是历史！[归纳法记牢](1)a/themajorityof... 大多数……beinthe/amajority 占多数(2)majoradj. 主要的；主修的n. 主修课程；主修学生vi. 主修majorin 主修(3)minoradj. 较小的；次要的minorityn. 少数；少数民族[名师指津](1)“themajorityof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。(2)当majority后面不接of短语时，若强调整体，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，谓语动词用复数。4．urgev．竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.强烈的愿望；冲动(1)urgesb.todosth. 敦促某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)dosth. 强烈要求/极力主张某人做某事Itisurgedthatsb.(should)dosth. 强烈要求某人做某事(2)haveanurgetodosth. 有做某事的强烈愿望(3)urgentadj. 紧急的，急迫的Itisurgentthat... 强烈要求……(4)urgencyn. 紧迫，紧急的事[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Ifthevictimissufferingfromsecondorthird－degreeburns,thereisanurgentneedtotakehim/hertothehospitalatonce.②Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimto_continue(continue),butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.③Becauseofallthisextratime,therewasnosenseofurgency(urge)todomyschoolworkimmediately.④Hearingthatyou'llgiveusalectureaboutwesternartandwanttohearouropinions,Ifeel_an_urge_to_make_my_voice_heard.听说您要给我们做一个关于西方艺术的讲座，想听听我们的意见，我有一种想发表意见的冲动。⑤Itisurgedthatimmediatemeasures(should)be_taken_to_stopthesituation.敦促立即采取措施，制止这种情况。⑥Itisurgentthatall_the_students_(should)_participate_inthewinterlong－distancerunningactivity.强烈要求所有的学生都应该参加冬季长跑活动。eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])(1)urge后接that从句时，从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，这里的“动词原形”为“do”或“bedone”的形式，should可以省略。(2)It＋be＋urgent/important/strange/natural/necessary...＋that...句式中，that引导的从句中谓语部分需要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。5．concernedadj.焦急的，担忧的；相关的；关注的；感兴趣的(单句语法填空/完成句子)①Hecalledthepolicebecausehewasconcernedabout/formysafety.②Honestlyspeaking,Ihavenoconcernwiththematter.③Heaskedseveralquestionsconcerning(concern)thefutureofthecompany.④As/So_far_as_I'm_concerned,_themoreyoupractisepaper－cutting,thebetteryouwillbecomeatit.就我个人而言，你剪纸练习得越多，你就会越擅长。⑤The_concerned_parentswereallconcerned_aboutthechildren'ssafety.忧心忡忡的家长们都担心孩子们的安危。[归纳法记牢](1)beconcernedabout/for... 关心/担心……beconcernedwith/in 与……有关as/sofarassb.beconcerned 就某人而言；某人认为(2)concernvt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系havenoconcernwith... 和……无关(3)concerningprep. 关于；涉及[名师指津]concerned作前置定语时，意为“担心的；关心的”；作后置定语时，意为“有关的”。例如：concernedparents忧心忡忡的家长；theauthoritiesconcerned相关权力机关。6．contributev．促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献(单句语法填空/完成句子)①Thecontribution(contribute)hemadetothevillagewasgreat,sohebecameverypopularamongthevillagers.②Whilejokesarelikelytocontributetoapleasantatmosphere,you'vegottobecarefulnottohurtothers.③Someadvertisementsnowadaysaimtomakea_contribution_to/contributions_tosocietyandwelfare.现在一些广告的目的在于为社会和福利做贡献。④Everyoneiswillingtocontribute_food_and_clothes_tothehomelesspeople.每个人都愿意为无家可归的人捐献食物和衣服。[归纳法记牢](1)contributeto 有助于；促使；导致contribute...to... 向……捐献/捐赠……(2)contributionn. 贡献；捐款makeacontribution/contributionsto... 对……做出贡献7．take...intoaccount把……考虑进去(1)accountn． 描述；理由；账户v. 认为是，认为takeaccountof 考虑，顾及giveanaccountof 描述，叙述onaccountof 由于，因为onnoaccount 决不(位于句首，句子要用部分倒装)(2)accountfor 解释，说明(……的原因)；(在数量上)占……(比例)[演绎法练通](1)单句语法填空/句式升级①Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyrequestintoaccount.②Thecompanytakesaccountofenvironmentalissueswhereverpossible.③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.④Onlywhenyougiveseriousconsiderationtotheirpointsofviewwillyoubeabletoseewhataccountsfortheiremotionsandempathizewiththem.⑤Youngpeopleshouldonnoaccountneglecttheirdailyphysicalexercises.→On_no_account_should_young_people_neglect_theirdailyphysicalexercises.(倒装句)(2)一句多译把所有的因素考虑进去，我们都认为这是一个好的提议。⑥Taking_all_the_factors_into_account,_weallthinkthisisagoodsuggestion.(用现在分词短语作状语)⑦All_the_factors_taken_into_account,_weallthinkthisisagoodsuggestion.(独立主格结构作状语)⑧With_all_the_factors_taken_into_account,_weallthinkthisisagoodsuggestion.(用with复合结构作状语)8．callon呼吁，号召；拜访(某人)callonsb.todosth. 呼吁某人做某事callfor 要求，需要；提倡callup 给……打电话；召集calloff 取消callat 拜访(某地)callin 邀请[演绎法练通](单句语法填空)①Anoldfriendofhiscalledonhimathisofficeyesterdayafternoon.②Thelocalgovernmenthastakenactiontocallonpeopleto_plant(plant)trees.③Thejobcalledforallmyresourcesofenergyandpatience.④Tonight'sgamehasbeencalledoffbecauseofbadweather.⑤HecalledheruponedayandsaidthatheandhiswifewerecomingtoNewYork.⑥Theydecidedtocallinadoctor,becausethechildwasnobetter.1．形容词短语作状语(1)形容词(短语)作状语时，说明句子主语或宾语的特点或所处的状态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随等。(2)形容词(短语)作状语时，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。(3)如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。先学通(通过题点训练把握用法规则)(单句语法填空)①Toourrelief,themissingchildreturnedhometendayslater,tiredbuthealthy(health)．②Surprised(surprise)andhappy,hestoodupandacceptedtheprize.③Surprisingly(surprise),theaveragestudentshouldgetfullmarksintheexam.④Ifoundthehomelessmanlyingonthestreetcornerinthefreezingcoldwind,dead(die)．再写美(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)⑤我只希望不管特雷弗在哪里，他都能平平安安回家。AllI'mhopingforisthatwhereverTrevoris,he_will_come_home_safe_and_sound.⑥渴望知道外面在发生什么，一些学生不时地向窗外张望。Eager_to_know_what_was_happening_outside,_somestudentswereconstantlylookingoutofthewindow.2．倍数表达法倍数表达法的三个基本句型和四个特殊句型(1)三个基本句型：①倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as；②倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than；③倍数＋the＋度量名词(size,length,height,depth,weight,width...)＋of。(2)四个特殊句型：①倍数＋asmany/much＋名词＋as；②倍数＋more＋名词＋than；③倍数＋that/thoseof；④倍数＋what从句。先学通(通过题点训练把握用法规则)(单句语法填空)①Thenewbuildingisfourtimeshigher(high)thantheoldone.②Thereisfourtimesasmuchwaterinthispotasinthatone.③Inthisworkshop,theoutputofJulywas4.5timesthatofJanuary.④Thisstreetisfourtimesthelength(long)ofthatone.再写美(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)⑤这条路是三年前的两倍宽。(what)Thewidthoftheroadistwice_what_it_was_three_years_ago.⑥在面积上，这个城市是那个城市的三倍大。(倍数＋the＋名词＋of...)Thecityis_three_times_the_size_of_thatcity.1．赏用词与场景之美Weseeawomanswimmingatnightinadarksea.Suddenly,sheispulledunderwater.Shesurfaces,criesinfear,thendisappearsforever.赏析：本段文字为电影《大白鲨》的开场画面，呈现了鲨鱼攻击人类的一幕。“swimmingatnightinadarksea”让读者仿佛看到了夜晚在漆黑的大海上一位女士在游泳的画面，这一场景的渲染为下文要发生危险的事情作了铺垫；“Suddenly”一词的运用让读者的心开始悬起来；“ispulledunderwater,surfaces,criesinfear,thendisappearsforever”这些词语的运用，让读者看到了一个惊心动魄的画面，仿佛身临其境，心情久久不能平静。2．赏结构之美Itseemslikecommonsense：eatinglocalfoodshouldbebetterfortheenvironment,becauseitdoesnotneedtobetransportedlongdistancesandkeptcoldduringtransport.Unfortunately,itisnotthatsimple.Itistheproductionoffood,notitstransport,thatusesmostoftheenergyandproducesmostofthegreenhousegases.Insomecases,localproducemighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthanproducegrownalongwayaway—eventakingintoaccountitstransport.赏析：本段文字主要是叙述本地农产品未必环保。本段句式结构丰富多彩，灵活多变，语言表达简洁有力。“It”为形式主语，“eatinglocalfood”为动名词结构作主语，“tobetransportedlongdistancesandkeptcold...”为不定式结构作宾语，“Itistheproductionoffood,notitstransport,that...”为强调句型，“mighthaveusedmoreenergyandproducedmoregreenhousegasesthan...”为比较级的灵活运用，“grown...”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰“produce”，“eventakingintoaccount...”为独立成分作状语。(一)用本单元知识完成下列语段主题语境——保护野生动物Mostpeopleareafraidof(用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：①are_scared_of)tigers,alwaysholdingthebeliefthattheyaredangerous,butsometigerssuchasSiberiantigers②are_endangered(endanger).Itisestimatedthattherearecurrentlylessthan35SiberiantigersinChina.Obviously,theyareonthebrinkof③extinction(extinct),asisthecasewithnumbersofwildanimals.Whyaresomanywildanimalssuffering?First,somepoachersaimat(用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：④target_at)wildanimalsfortheirmeatandskins,whichleadsto(用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：⑤contributes_to)theirdyingout.Ofcourse,thatisnotonlybecauseof(用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：⑥due_to)huntingbutalsohumans'destroyingwildanimals'habitatsorlivingenvironmentextremelyseriously(用本单元词汇替换加黑词汇：⑦severely).Protectingwildanimalsmeanskeepingthebalanceofnature,whichbenefitswildlifeaswellashumans.Onlywhenwelearn⑧to_coexist_in_harmony_with_nature(与自然界和谐共存；非谓语动词作宾语)canwestopbeingathreattowildlifeandtoourplanet.So⑨it_is_urgent_that_everyone_should_adopt_proper_ways(迫切需要每个人采用适当的方法；itisurgentthat...)tolookafterwildanimals.⑩Let's_together_devote_ourselves_to_protecting_wild_animals(让我们一起致力于保护野生动物；devote).(二)根据提示，续写语段结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。情节脉络：受到一位穿着黄色马甲捡拾垃圾的女士(VestLady)的影响，“我”也开始捡垃圾——但是“我”很快意识到一个人的力量是不够的，于是创建网站来号召更多的志愿者加入清除垃圾的行动中来……Moreandmorepeopleputonvestswiththeirownnames.参考范文：Moreandmorepeopleputonvestswiththeirownnames.Volunteerscouldbeseenpickinguprubbishintheirsparetime.Theyellowvestsmadebeautifulscenesintheparksoronthestreets.Withourjointefforts,theenvironmentbecamebetterandbetter.Whatdelightedmemostwasthatpeople'sawarenessofenvironmentalprotectionwasimproved.Therubbishremovalcampaignwasabigsuccess.ThankstoVestLadywhorootedthesenseofenvironmentalprotectioninmymind,morepeoplebecame“VestLady”．课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·山东潍坊一模)Beingtakenofftheendangeredspecieslistdoesn'tguaranteeacarefreefutureforwhales.RecentresearchestimatesthatthepopulationofPacificgraywhalesoffNorthAmerica'sWestCoasthasdwindledbyalmostaquartersince2016.Startingin2019,alarmingnumbersofdeadgraywhaleswerespottedonbeachesandfloatingoffshorethroughouttheirhabitat,fromMexicotoAlaska.TheNationalMarineFisheriesServicedefineditasan“UnusualMortalityEvent”.UMEsaredeclaredwhena“significantdie－off”occursandwheninformationiscollectedtoclarifywhyitoccurs.TheArctichashistoricallylowlevelsofseaiceinrecentyears,upendingthedelicateecosystemthatsustainsgraywhales.Likeothermigrators,theydon'tfeedontheirwinterbreeding(繁殖)groundsoralongtheirmigration,andmustgainweightduringthesummertosustainthemselvesthroughtherestoftheyear.ObserversusingairphotographynotedthewhaleslookedskinnierandarrivedinMexicoinpoorcondition,whichsuggestedtheywerenotfindingenoughfoodduringthesummer.Thisdie－offisalarminglysimilartotheeventsof20yearsago,whenanotherUMEresultedinasignificantdropinthegraywhalepopulation.Althoughthecausewasultimatelyundetermined,it'sthoughtthatthepopulationreached“carryingcapacity”—itgrewtoolargefortheenvironmenttosupportit.Althoughthatideahasbeensuggestedforthisdie－offaswell,it'smorelikelyblamedonthechangingconditionsoftheArctic.Graywhales,huntedalmosttoextinctionbythemid－20thcentury,wereoneofthefirsttobeprotectedfromhunting.TheEasternNorthPacificpopulationreboundedwithoutpressurefromwhalingandwastakenofftheEndangeredSpeciesList;theWesternNorthPacificpopulationisstilllistedasendangered.Thisdie－offisareminderthat“delisting”doesn'tindicateapopulation'ssecurefuture.Newthreatsarise,climatechangeupendshabitats,andcontinuedmonitoringisneededincaseacrashcomes.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是从濒危物种名单上被除名并不能保证鲸鱼的未来无忧无虑。最近的研究估计，自2016年以来，北美西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一。1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”inParagraph1mean?A．Increased. B．Bounced.C．Multiplied. D．Dropped.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据下文“Startingin2019,alarmingnumbers...fromMexicotoAlaska.”可知，画线词所说的是“自2016年以来，北美西海岸太平洋灰鲸的数量减少了近四分之一”，因此画线词的意思是“减少”，即“Dropped”，故选D。2．Whatwillgraywhalesusuallydoinwinter?A．Consumefewcalories.B．Travelsouthtobreed.C．MarchbacktoAlaska.D．SeekfoodintheArctic.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段的“Likeothermigrators,they...therestoftheyear.”及“Observersusingairphotography...inpoorcondition.”可推断出，灰鲸在冬天通常会南下到墨西哥繁殖，即“Travelsouthtobreed”，故选B。3．WhatmightbethemaincauseofthecurrentUME?A．Seriousillnesses.B．Seapollution.C．Environmentalchanges.D．Limitedcarryingcapacity.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的“Althoughthatideahasbeensuggested...changingconditionsoftheArctic.”可知，当前UME的主要原因是环境的变化。故选C。4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetothe“delisting”？A．Favorable. B．Concerned.C．Intolerant. D．Regretful.解析：选B观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Thisdie－offisareminderthat‘delisting’doesn'tindicateapopulation'ssecurefuture.”可知，作者对“除名”的态度是担忧的，即“Concerned”，故选B。BGlobalwarmingwillincreasetheriskofriverfloodingoverthecomingdecades,endangeringmillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld,accordingtoastudypublishedonThursday.Usingcomputersimulations,researchersinGermanyexaminedtheimpactofchangingrainfallpatternsandfoundthatflooddefenceswillneedtobeimprovedparticularlyintheUnitedStates,partsofIndiaandAfrica,IndonesiaandCentralEurope.Riverfloodsarealreadyoneofthemostwidespread(广泛的)anddamagingformsofnaturaldisastersworldwide.Additionalprotectivemeasuresincludeenhancingdykes(堤),betterrivermanagement,improvingbuildingstandardsandevenmovingsettlements,accordingtothestudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvances.Thenumberofpeopleaffectedbytheworst10percentofriverfloodingwilldoublefrom76millionto156millioninAsiaaloneby2040,saidtheauthorsatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearch.InNorthAmericathenumberofpeopleatriskcouldincreasetenfold,from100,000toamillion.“Therealnumbersmightbeevenhigherinthefutureaspopulationgrowthandfurtherurbanization(都市化)arenottakenintoaccount，”theysaid.Researcherssaidevenindevelopedcountrieswithgoodinfrastructuretheneedforadaptationisbig.Theyalsowarnedthattheriskofriverfloodingwillriseregardlessofcurrenteffortstocontrolclimatechangebecauseofgreenhousegasesalreadyemittedinpastdecades.“Still,afailuretokeepglobalwarmingbelow2degreesCelsius(3.7Fahrenheit)mayresultinchangestoriverfloodingpatternsthatpopulationscan'tadaptto，”theauthorssaid.“Thetimehascomewhenlimitingfutureclimatechangemustbeaccompaniedbyadaptingtotheclimatechangethatwehavealreadycaused，”saidAndersLevermann,oneofthestudy'sauthors.eq\x(语篇解读：本文讲述了气候变暖将会给人类带来的灾难，呼吁人们应该重视这个问题。)5．Whatwillneedtobedoneinthefuture?A．Takingstepstostrengthenflooddefences.B．Changingrainfallpatternsindifferentplaces.C．Speedinguptheurbanization.D．Limitingthenumberofbuildings.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Usingcomputersimulations,researchersinGermanyexaminedtheimpactofchangingrainfallpatternsandfoundthatflooddefenceswillneedtobeimproved”可知，必须加强防洪措施。6．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“tenfold”inParagraph4?A．Double. B．Quickly.C．Tentimes. D．Slowly.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“from100,000toamillion”可知，受灾人数从10万增长到100万，增长到原来的10倍，由此可知tenfold的意思为“十倍”。7．Whywilltheriskofriverfloodingriseinthefuture?A．Therearenoeffectivemeasures.B．Bigcitiesignoreflooddisasters.C．Therewillbealargepopulation.D．Thepastemissionofgreenhousegaseshasabigeffect.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，因为过去几十年已经排放的温室气体所造成的影响，河水泛滥的危害在将来还是会增加。8．Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A．Humanbeingswillhavegreatsufferingsinthefuture.B．Theworld'spopulationshouldbecontrolledatonce.C．Goodandeffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenimmediately.D．Climatechangewilldrivehumansoutoftheearth.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段AndersLevermann所说的话可推知，我们必须采取有效的措施来解决气候变化问题。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2023·广东省潮州市高三期末考试)Coveringmorethan2,300km,theGreatBarrierReefsheltersover1,000differentfishspecies.__9__Manypeoplehavedivedandhadalookatthem,butfewknowthemlikeValerieTaylor.Valerieandherhusband,RonTaylor,wereamongthefirsttoexploretheGreatBarrierReefonfilm.__10__In1974,HollywoodcamecallingandtheTaylorsfilmedlivesharksequences(连续镜头)forStevenSpielberg'sthrillerJaws(电影《大白鲨》)．Thoughthemovieturnedouttobeagreatsuccess,itchangedthepublicattitudetowardssharks—theywereterrifiedbythem,andevenhatedthemandbegantohuntthem.Shocked,thecouplechangedtheirlivesforeverandtu