英语人教版选修八-Unit-1-A-land-of-diversity-Learning-about-Language

人教新课标版选修八Unit1Alandofdiversity

Learning

about

LanguageAdjective

Nounmajorhard

racedistinctmajority

Completethefollowingchartwith

newwordsfromthetext.racialhardship/hardnessdistinctionAdjective

NounItalian

Korea

Pakistan

Denmark

Italy

Korean

Pakistani

Denish

VerbAdjective

Nounapply

simplemix

illustrateappliedmixedillustrativeapplicationmixtureillustrationsimplifysimplicity2Completethesesentences,usingnewwordsfromthetext.1.A_______countryconsistsofagroupofstates.2.Thatisthebiggest_______churchIhaveeverseen.federalcatholic3.The________ofusvotedforMrRed,whothenbecamechairmanofthecommittee.4.The________ofEducationisoneofthegovernmentdepartments.5.Theeconomic______inrecentyearshascreatedmorejobopportunities.6._______shapedlikeabootliesinthesouthofEurope.majorityMinistry

boom

Italy

7.Weshoulddrawa__________betweenrightandwrong.8.TomakethecrossingfromShandongtotheNortheast,ourancestorssufferedallkindsof_________.9.ThepeoplefromSouthorNorth_______arecalledKoreans.10.Nobodyknowswhowillbe_________aspresidentorvicepresidentofthiscountry.

distinction

hardship

Korea

elected

3Choosethewordsandphrasestofillintheblanks,changingtheirformsifnecessary.

aircraft

crossing

bymeansofmakealife

rail

strait

ArcticMynephew’sfirstholidaytothe______wasadelight.Thesceneryandtheicebergsexcitedhim.LookingacrosstheBering_____intoRussiawassomethinghewouldrememberforever.Tomakethe________betweenthesetwogreatcountriesseemedasifitwouldtakenotimeatall!Thenhetravelledacrosstheice___________adogsled.Itmadethejourneyhehadearlierdoneby_______seemveryordinary.Arctic

straitcrossingby

means

ofaircraftWhenhereachedtheNorthPole,hefoundnothingexcitingexceptforasignmarkingthespot,buthedidmeetsomescientiststherewhowerestudyingthemeltingoftheice____andforthemselvesamongthesnowyhillsandplains.Afterashortbreakhetookthelocal____________toflybacktoAlaskaandtheseavoyagebackhome!

railmakingalifeoccur

vi.

存在,被发现;发生;想到,想起(to),(主语是事,宾语是人)Theseflowersoccurinthetropics(热带).Thesounddoesn’toccurinChinese.Whendidtheaccidentoccur?Anideaoccurredtome.Itneveroccurredtohimthatshewouldfail.Explanation

1)Thenameofthefilm____mesuddenly.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.occurredtoB.cametoC.struckD.stuck2)_____tomethatIhadleftthedoorunlocked.A.IthappenedB.ItstruckC.IthitD.Itoccurred3)Anaccidentdid,however,_____atthestreetcornerlastnight.A.occurB.takeplaceC.happenedD.brokeoutoccur(occurred,

occurred)DDA

Grammar

NounClauses名词性从句NounClausessubjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有连词that,if,whether;连接代词who,whose,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,

why等。1)Ithink(that)womencanreachvery

highachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?2.表语从句表语从句在复合句中起表语作用。引导宾语从句词有连词that,what,which,who,whom,whose等。除在句子中起连接作用外,还可在从句中充当主语、表语、定语,且各有各的词义。Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhich

of

usshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhose

name

shouldbeputonthetopofthelist.3.主语从句做主语用的名词性从句,因其在复合句中做主语,又称主语从句,引导主语从句的有连词that,whether,

连接代词who,what,which,连接副词when,where,how,why等。That

she

left

him

cut

him

to

the

heart.What

seemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whether

itwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.

4.同位语从句同位语从句属于名词性从句,大多由从属连词that引导,常常跟在fact,news,idea,thought,question,reply,report,remark,hope,belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容,在逻辑上表现为同为关系。Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthat

allmatterconsistsofatoms.Wheredidyougettheideathat

Icouldnotcome.Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewruleshouldbeadopted.1.名词性从句的语序(陈述句语序)；2.几对重要关联词的区别:whether\if,what\that,what\whatever,who\whoever,etc;3.it用作形式主语或形式宾语代替主语从句或宾语从句；4.根据具体情景选用适当的关联词。高考考查热点根据例句,讨论：1)whether\if的区别Pleasetellmeif/whether

youwillgotothelecturestomorrow.Italldependsonwhethertheskywillclearup.Thequestioniswhetherthefilmiswellworthseeing.Whether

hewillbewelltomorrowI’mnotsure.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.WhetherIfABCDAA.引导宾语从句,位于及物动词后B.引导宾语从句,位于介词后C.引导宾语从句,放句首D.引导表语从句,主语从句或同位语从句2)What\that的区别Ithinkthatitisunnecessaryformetospeaklouder.Hismotherissatisfiedwithwhathehasdone.Thathewasabletocomemadeushappy.Thisiswhat

makesusinterested.Thereasonwasthat

Todhadneverseenthemillion-poundnotebefore.所引导的从句中是否缺主语、表语或宾语汉语意义能否省略Whatthat缺不缺什么;所……的东西、事情无意义否宾语从句中能省略3)who\whoever;what\whatever的区别ThespokenEnglishcompetitioniscoming,Who

willattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Ibelievewhoever

takespartinthecompetitionwilltryhisbest.Canyoutellmewhatyouwouldliketoorder?Whateverhappens,don’tbesurprised.Allthefoodhereisdelicious.Justorderwhatever

youlike.名词性从句让步状语从句who

whoeverwhatwhatever表示“谁”表示“…的任何人”表“什么，所…的东西、事情”表“…的任何东西”/表“不论谁”/表“无论什么”4)常见的it作形式主语的结构Itisafactthat

hewonthematch.ItisnecessarythatwedostudytheEnglish.Itisknowntoall

thatlighttravelsinstraightlines.It

seemedthat

hewouldcomehere.基本句型结构常用词语Itis+名词

+that从句Itis+形容词

+that从句Itis+过去分词

+that从句It+不及物动词

+that从句Itisafact/ashame/apity/nowonder/goodnews/…that…Itisnecessary/strange/important/possible/likely/…that…这类主语从句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形Itissaid/reported/decide/known/…that…Itseemed/happened/doesn’tmatter/hasturnedout/…that…

Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter____thatI’mtalkingto.

(2004年广东省卷)A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom

高考链接B

【解析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。

and后是一个含有主语从句的结构,其主句部分是itdoesn’tmatter,主语从句则是whoitisthatI’mtalkingto。而在主语从句中,又有一个定语从句,修饰who。who既是一个引导词,

也在itis中作表语。如果再细一点,说who是

(talking)to的介词宾语也可以。2.Itisprettywellunderstood___controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.(2003上海)

A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how

【解析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分,

故选C。C

3._____madetheschoolproudwas______morethan90％ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.(2003上海春季)

A.What;becauseB.What;that

C.That;whatD.That;because【解析】what在此作连接代词,引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时,

只起引导作用,不作任何成分。B

4.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly_______hewants.(2002上海春季)A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that【解析】这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactlywhathewants

是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要的东西”。故答案为A。A

5.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that's_______.(2003北京春季)

A.whatmakesmefeelexcited

B.whateverIfeelexcitedabout

C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited

【解析】这是由what引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语,这句话的意思为:

那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。A6.---IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.---Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?

(NMET1999)

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

【解析】这是一个由why引导的表语从句,

表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你离开的原因吗?”。故答案为A。A

7.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,____ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis【解析】答案A。该题考查定语从句中加入插入语的用法,因插入语应位于引导词之后，所以D项不对,B、C两项无法构成正确结构。A

1.Thelawyerrarelywearsanythingother

thanjeansandaT-shirt_____theseason.(2008全国I卷)

A.whatever B.wherever

C.whenever D.however2.

Studentsarealwaysinterestedinfinding

out______theycangowithanewteacher.

(2008安徽卷)A.howfar

B.howsoon

C.howoften

D.howlong高考链接--

2008A

A

3._____isknowntousallisthatthe2008

OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.(2008福建卷)A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which4.Whenasked_____theyneededmost,

thekidssaidtheywantedtofeel

importantan