Unit-4-Don't-eat-in-class.语法、练习题及答案

Unit4Don’teatinclass.一、祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。（2）Be+n./adj.Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/当心！（3）Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否定的祈使句（1）Don't+动词原形Don'tstandup.别站起来。Don'tbecareless.别粗心。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分”。Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。（3）no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!3.祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Doshutup!快住口！4.祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：（1）形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)（2）意思相反(即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思)。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。5.祈使句的反意疑问句（1）肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用willyou或won'tyou。Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou?请把门打开，好吗？（2）否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用willyou。Don'tbelateagain,willyou?别再迟到了，行不行？（3）以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shallwe。Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe?我们把电视打开，好吗？<特别注意>只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shallwe，而letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为willyou或won'tyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou?请（你）让我们留在这好吗？二、辨析haveto与mustmust作为情态动词,则表示“必须”“务必”,它侧重于主观上的必要性。否定形式为mustn’t,意为“不准，不许”。如：Youmustcometomorrow.你明天必须来。1.表"必须"，"应该"，"务必"

must

not(mustn't)表"禁止"，"不许"，"不准"，"不可以"。

Everyone

must

attend

the

lecture.

The

work

must

be

finished

as

soon

as

possible.

You

mustn't

lend

it

to

others.

注：对must问句的回答。

-Must

I

go

there

now?

-Yes,

you

must.

/No

,you

①needn't.

②need

not

③don't

have(got)

to

④don't

need

to.must表推测"一定"，"必定"，一般只用于肯定句，亦即用于疑问句和否定不表揣测。

对现在。He

must

be

at

home

now.

You

must

be

hungry

after

the

long

walk.

The

Chinese

language

must

have

the

largest

number

of

speakers.

对进行时。

He

must

be

sleeping

now(at

that

time).

3.must表不可避免的倾向。

All

men

must

die.

4.

must

表"偏偏"，"不巧"

My

car

must

break

down.我的车偏偏坏了。

have

to

作为情态动词，意思是"必须、不得不"，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。结构：主语＋have

to＋动词原形（主语是第三人称单数时，用has

to）1)You

havetowear（wear）sportsshoes

for

gym

class.

2)Tonyhasto（haveto）playtheguitar

every

afternoon.

2.否定形式：主语＋don't/doesn’t

have

todosth.常翻译成“没必要做某事，不必...”。如：Nick

doesn’thavetowear

a

uniform.

尼克不必穿制服。3.一般疑问句：Do

（Does）＋主语＋have

to

＋动词原形＋其他Doyou

havetostay

at

home

on

weekends?

周末你必须呆在家里吗？haveto

与must的区别

(1)must表说话人的主观看法，而have

to表客观需要。

比较：I

have

to

stop

smoking

.（外界压力，客观情况使然）

I

must

stop

smoking.（主观认为）

must只有一种形式而have

to有更多的形式haveto,hasto,hadto,willhaveto等。I

thought

I

must

go

there.

have

to

的疑问，否定均须借助于do。Does

he

have

to

go

there

now

?

不说Has

he

to

go

there

now?

He

has

to

go

there

now,

doesn’t

he?

The

work

has

to

be

finished

before

10

o'clock..

例题：（）1.

Please

______

me

some

money.A.

lend

B.

lending

C.

to

lend

D.

be

lend

解析：Please为副词位置灵活，我们可以把它抹掉，动词原形打头为祈使句，选A答案：A（）2.

________

look

outside.

Look

at

the

blackboard.

A.

not

B.

don’t

C.

aren’t

D.

can’t解析：祈使句否定No+Ving或者Don’t+V原形。因为此句为动词原形所以选B答案：B（）3.Youdon’t_______washallthedishesaftermeals.havetoB.mustC.mayD.hasto解析：根据句子意思可推出汉语意思你不必在晚饭后洗盘子。主语为在AD里面选，主语为第三人称，所以用原型选A答案：A（）4.—LinglingcanIuseyoure-dictionary?--Sure.Butyou____returnitafterclass.A.mayB.wouldC.canD.must解析：根据题意你必须返还电子字典。必须must答案：D（）5.Weoftenseethesign”————”onthebus.A.NofishingB.NosmokingC.NoparkingD.Noswimming解析：四个选项都符合语法，但是公交车上只能是禁止吸烟。答案：B单元基础练习一、选择填空（30分）

（）1.

We

can

eat

in

the

cafeteria.

But

we

_______

eat

in

the

classroom.

.

A.

don’t

B.

didn’t

C.

can’t

D.

aren’t

（）

2.

When

Jim

goes

________

the

classroom

the

teacher

is

having

class.

A.

to

B.

in

C.

out

D.

into

（）

3.

-_______

I

take

some

photos

in

the

hall?

–No,

you_________.

A.

Can,

needn’t

B.

Must,

mustn’t

C.

Could,

won’t

D.

May,

mustn’t（）4.

Don’t

forget________

me

this

evening.

A.

to

call

B.

call

C.

calls

D.

calling

（）5.

Don’t

talk

________

in

the

library.

A.

loud

B.

loudly

C.

low

D.

lowly

（）6.

I

have

_______

rules

in

my

home.

We

have

________

homework

to

do

today.

A.

too

many,

too

much

B.

too

much

,

many

too

C.

too

many,

much

too

D.

much

too,

many

too

（）7.

-Can

your

brother

swim?

-________.

A.

Yes,

he

can’t

B.

Yes,

please

.

C.

No,

he

can’t

D.

Yes,

he

does

（）

8.

It’s

raining

all

day

,

so

I

________

stay

at

home.

A.

must

B.

have

to

C.

must

to

D.

can（）

9.

He’s

never

________

class.

A.

arrive

B.

late

for

C.

arrive

late

D.

late

（）

10.

Don’t

worry!

There

is

_________

much

wrong

with

you.

A.

something

B.

anything

C.

everything

D.

nothing

（）11.

Don’t

arrive

late

for

class,

________?

A.

do

you

B.

aren’t

you

C.

will

you

D.

don’t

you

（）12.

“No,

______

!

”

says

the

sign.

A.

smoke

B.

smoking

C.

smokes

D.

to

smoke

（）

13.

His

mother

is

ill

_________

for

two

days.

A.

in

bed

B.

on

bed

C.

in

the

bed

D.

on

the

bed

（）14.

-Can

you

cook

fish?

-

________.

It’s

easy.

A.

No,

I

can’t

B.

Yes,

I

can

C.

Sorry,

I

can’t

D.

Yes,

I

need

（）15.

-What

did

Mary

have

___________breakfast

this

morning?

-She

got

up

late

and

hurried

to

school

________

breakfast.

A.

for,

without

B.

at,

without

C.

for

,

after

D.

at,

after

二、阅读理解一Hello,listeners.WelcometoHentonHospitalRadio.Beforeourmusicprogrambegins,I'mgoingtorepeat(重复)someofourhospitalrules.Thehospitalcansleep800patients(病人).Thereare8bedsineachward(病房).Thevisitinghoursareintheafternoonfrom2:30to3:30andintheeveningfrom7:00to8:00.Butrememberonlytwopeoplecanseeyouatthesametime.Sorryaboutthat,butyoucanseewhatwouldhappenifwedidn'thavetheserules.Theotherrulesareaboutourhours.Westartquiteearly-youmightnotbeusedtothat.Wewakeyouat6:00,andbreakfastisat8:00,lunchatnoon.There'steaat3:30andsupperisat6:00.Youcanseethesmokingsign-wedon'tallowsmokinginthewards.I'msureyouunderstandwhy.However,ifyoudoneedtosmoke,therearesomesmoking-roomswhereitisallowed.Youwillfindtheradioswitch(开关)onthewallnearyourbed,withyourownheadphone,ifyouwanttolisten.It'sourownhospitalradiowishingyouaquickrecovery(康复).1.Whodoyouthinkthelistenersmightbe?A.Patients.B.Visitors.C.Doctors.D.Nurses.2.Howmanywardsarethereinthishospital?A.8.B.80.C.100.D.800.3.WhichisNOTallowedinthehospital?A.Listeningtothehospitalradio.B.Visitingpatientsinthemorning.C.Smokinginthesmoking-rooms.D.Gettingupearlyinthemorning.4.Whatprogramwillfollowthisradiotalk?A.Hospitalrules.B.Aweatherreport.C.Afreetalk.D.Amusicprogram5.Whatsigncanyouseeinthewards?A.Nospeaking.B.Noparking.C.Nosmoking.D.Nopeople.二ManystudentsintheUSAalwaystaketheschoolbustoschooleveryday.Parentsthinktakingtheschoolbusisverysafe(安全的).Butsometimesitisalsodangerous.Somestudentsdied(死亡)becausetheybroketheschoolbusrules.Herearesomeschoolbusrules:◆Amveatthebusstationearly.◆Waitforthebusatthebusstation.◆Don'tplayaroundthebus.◆Don'truneverywhereatthebusstation.◆Don'twalkorfightinthebuswhenitisgoing.◆Don'ttrytoleavethebusuntilitstops.Theserulesaregoodforstudents.Rememberthemanddon'tbreakthem.Soyoucankeepyourselfsafe.根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。()1.Takingtheschoolbustoschoolisalwayssafe.()2.Studentscanruneverywhereatthebusstation.()3.Studentshavetositontheirseatswhenthebusisgoing.()4.Studentscan'tgettothebusstationlate.()5.Itcanbedangerousifstudentsbreaktheschoolbusrules.三、首字母填空Dearfriends,Doyouk1youareluckywhenyouaresittinginthebrightc2andhavingyourclassesorenjoyingyournicefoodathome?CanyoufeelmanychildreninHaiti(海地)areverylucky,t3?Weknowaneart