UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONS新教材新高考人教版高三一轮英语总复习

主题词块积累主题佳句背诵1.differentraces不同的种族2.racialprejudice种族偏见3.amixtureofmanyraces多种族融合4.nationalunity民族团结5.militarystrength军事力量6.strengthennationalpride增强民族自豪感7.serveinthearmy在部队服役8.beatwarwithitsneighbor和邻国作战9.forthesakeofone'shomeland为了祖国的利益10.declarewaronthebully向霸凌宣战11.defendourhomelandfrominvasion保卫我们的家园不受侵略12.asymbolofpeace和平的象征1.Itdidn'ttakelongbeforeIrealizedthatmilitarystrengthisofvitalimportancetoacountry.没过多久我就意识到军事力量对一个国家而言至关重要。2.Itwasthesoldier'sbraveryandkindnessthattouchedmedeeply.是这个战士的勇气和善良深深地打动了我。3.Obviously，ourcountryisbecomingstrongerandstronger.显然，我们的国家正变得越来越强大。单元基础默写Ⅰ.核心词汇1．eachindividualmemberofthecommunity社区中的每个成员2．thechiefcause/problem/reason主要原因/问题/理由3．abookofpuzzlesforchildren儿童谜语书4．inanearbytown在附近的一个小镇上5．beeagertodomilitaryservice渴望服兵役6．soldierswhodiedindefenceoftheircountry为保卫祖国而献身的战士7．thelocationforapopularTVseries一部热门电视连续剧的拍摄场地8．abattleofwills意志的较量9．getourcarbatterycharged给我们的汽车电池充电10．anamountoftime/money/information一段时间/一笔钱/一些信息11．adifferentapproachtotheproblem另一种解决问题的方法12．ensureasmoothtransition确保平稳过渡13．beautifulnaturallandscape美丽的自然景观14．begenerousingivinghelp乐于助人15．takeupone'sposition就位16．trynottosnackbetweenmeals两餐之间尽量不要吃点心17．anold/ancientcustom旧的/古老的习俗18．crowdintothehall挤入大厅Ⅱ.变形词汇1．philosophyn．哲学→philosophern．哲学家；思想家2．puzzlevt.(使)困惑；(使)为难；迷惑n．谜；难题；智力游戏；疑问→puzzledadj.迷惑不解的→puzzlingadj.令人迷惑的3．belongvi.属于；为……的一员；应在(某处)；适应→belongingsn．财产；所有物4．surroundvt.包围；围绕→surroundingsn．[pl.]周围的事物；环境→surroundingadj.周围的5．evidencen．证明；根据；证据→evidentadj.明显的；明白的6．achievementn．成就；功绩；成绩；达到→achievevt.完成；达到7．locationn．地方；地点；位置→locatev．位于；定居8．portn．港口(城市)→importv．&n．进口→exportv．&n．出口9．announcevt.宣布；通知；声称→announcementn．通知；宣告→announcern．播音员；宣告者10．poetn．诗人→poetryn．诗歌；诗意；诗集→poemn．诗11．greetvi.&vt.迎接；问候→greetingn．迎接；问候；招呼Ⅲ.阅读词汇检测时遮住右侧的汉语，在□中标记不会的词汇1．□Confuciusn．孔子2．□cemeteryn．墓地；公墓3．□descendantn．后裔；后代；子孙4．□heeln．足跟；(脚、袜子、鞋等的)后跟5．□kingdomn．王国；领域6．□currencyn．通货；货币7．□conquervt.占领；征服；控制8．□fascinatingadj.极有吸引力的；迷人的9．□galleryn．(艺术作品的)展览馆；画廊10．□buttern．黄油；奶油vt.涂黄油于11．□honeyn．蜂蜜12．□ancestorn．祖宗；祖先13．□countyn．(英国、爱尔兰的)郡；(美国的)县14．□feastn．盛宴；宴会；节日15．□rollvi.&vt.(使)翻滚；(使)滚动n．卷(轴)；翻滚16．□dotn．点；小(圆)点vt.加点；遍布17．□cattlen．牛18．□roarvi.&n．吼叫；咆哮19．□oceann．大海；海洋20．□scentn．气味；气息21．□pubn．酒吧；酒馆22．□winen．葡萄酒；果酒23．□beern．(一杯)啤酒24．□stewn．炖菜(有肉和蔬菜)vt.&vi.炖；煨25．□sensoryadj.感觉的；感官的26．□strikingadj.引人注目的；显著的27．□transitionn．过渡；转变；变迁Ⅳ.拓展词汇单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom风俗→customs海关②manner方式→manners礼貌③paper纸→papers文件④art艺术→arts文科⑤arm手臂→arms武器⑥work工作→works作品⑦good善行；利益→goods货物⑧sand沙子→sands沙滩⑨instruction教授；传授→instructions用法说明⑩time时间→times时代Ⅴ.重点短语1．jointheislandtothemainland把海岛与大陆连接起来2．break_away_fromtheoldtraditionalideas摆脱旧的传统观念3．belong_toadifferentera属于另一个时代4．bein_charge_ofsales负责销售5．makesensepoliticallyas_well_aseconomically在政治和经济上都有意义6．be_eager_tohookintoacareer急于干一番事业7．keep_your_eyes_open_forthiskindofsentences你应特别注意这样的句子8．a_crowd_ofonlookers一大群围观者Ⅵ.课文佳句1．Theyusethesameflag,known_astheUnionJack,as_well_as_sharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.(过去分词作定语；aswellas)像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面国旗。2．They_had_castles_built_all_around_England，andmadechangestothelegalsystem.(havesth.done)他们在英格兰四处修建城堡，并改革了法律制度。3．Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes,with_its_rolling_green_hills_dotted_with_sheep_and_cattle.(with复合结构)“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。4．TheyintroducedthebeginningsoftheEnglishlanguage，andchangedthewaypeople_built_houses.(theway后省略that/inwhich的定语从句)他们引进了最初的英语，并且改变了人们建造房屋的方式。5．Withallthisbeauty,it_is_not_surprising_thatIrelandhasdevelopedstrongtraditionsthatincludemusic，dancing，anddining.(it作形式主语)乡村景色如此优美，爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈以及餐饮在内的传统就不足为奇了。必备知识检测Ⅰ.单词检测★词性转换1．Wildcampingisillegal(legal)inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught，theWinnshadtogettheirtentuplateandpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.2．Lookingback，Dianaowesherachievements(achieve)tothegoalsheset，andaboveall，theeffortsshemade.3．Thestrongwallsofthecastleservedasagooddefence(defend)againsttheattacks.4．Thebuildingshavebeendesignedtoblendinwiththeirsurroundings(surround)．5．(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Youcantellthisbycaféslife.Frenchcafésarealwayscrowded(crowd)．★熟词生义1．(2022·全国乙卷)Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull­timeeducation，uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel，inorganisedgroupswithteachers.n.要价，收费2．Onhearingwhathesaid，alotofconfusedthoughtscrowdedmybrain.vt.(想法或观点)涌入(大脑)3．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)ButIimaginethat，whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary，rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.n.报酬，回报Ⅱ.短语检测——结合本单元的短语补全句子1．Amy，as_well_as_her_brothers(以及她的兄弟们)，wasgivenawarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2．Asoneofthemostdeadlynaturaldisastersintheworld，earthquakesoftenresult_in_many_people_being_injured_or_killed(导致很多人受伤或死亡)．3．Thehighwayhasjoined_our_village_to_the_city(把我们村与城市连接起来)．4．Asisknowntoall，goodfriendsadd_happiness_and_value_to_life(给生活增加幸福和价值)．5．OnlythendidIrealizethatitwassofoolishofmeto_break_away_from_all_of_my_friends(脱离我所有的朋友)andnevercontactthem.Ⅲ.句型检测——运用单元句式完成下列句子1．试着找出这两个单词的不同点。如果有的话说出来。(省略)Pleasetrytofindoutthedifferencesbetweenthetwowords.If_any，speakitout.2．说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。(keep的复合结构)Speakingoftablemanners，keep_your_voice_lowduringthemeal.3．大约两个小时后，我们提着满篮子的东西出去了，脸上带着疲惫但满意的表情。(with的复合结构)Abouttwohourslater，with_our_baskets_full，wewentout，wearingtiredbutsatisfiedexpressions.1．crowdn．人群；一群人；民众vt.挤满(fillwith)；使……拥挤①Toomanyuncomfortablethoughtswerecrowdinginonher.②Afterseeingthereport，problemsaboutthecompanycrowdedintomymind.③Acrowdofchildrenwere_passing(pass)myhouse，singingandlaughing，whenIwalkedoutoftheyard.④那天，大厅里挤满了观众。The_great_hall_was_crowded_with_audience_that_day.,(1)acrowdof一群……crowdsof成群……(2)crowdinonsb.(想法、问题等)涌上心头；涌入脑海crowdintoone'smind涌入某人的脑海(3)becrowdedwith挤满……；充满着……2.belongvi.应在(某处)；适应①Inmyopinion，you'dbetterputthebookwhereitbelongs.②Havingsoldmostofhisbelongings(belong)，healmosthadnothingleftinthehouse.③Asastudent，I'vebeenreviewingChinese，math，English，physics，chemistryandbiology，which_all_belong_to_the_College_Entrance_Examination_subjects(这些都属于高考科目)．,(1)belongto属于；是……的成员；是……的组成部分(2)belongingn．[U]归属；[pl.]所有物；财产④Atigerisalargefierceanimalwhichbelongstothecatfamily.→Atigerisalargefierceanimalbelonging_tothecatfamily.[实战贴士]belongto中to为介词，后接名词或代词宾格。不用于进行时态和被动语态，作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。3．announcevt.宣布；通知；声称；预示(foretell，saywhatwillhappen)①Thegovernmentannouncedtothemediatheplantodevelopanewproject.②Attheendofthemeeting，itwas_announced(announce)thatanagreementhadbeenreached.③Attention，please.Ihaveanannouncementtomake.④一叶知秋。The_first_few_leaves_on_the_ground_announce_the_beginning_of_autumn.Itis/wasannouncedthat...据宣布……(2)announcementn．公告；布告；宣告makeanannouncement发布宣告或通知[实战贴士]announce后不接双宾语，常用于announcesth.tosb.结构，类似用法的动词还有suggest，explain等。4.amountn．金额；数量v．总计；达到①Agoodamountofsleepeverynightis(be)importantforyourhealth.②Largeamountsofwaterare_needed(need)forcoolingpurpose.③Thetotalsalesofthecompanydidn'tamounttomorethanamilliondollars.④Asweallknow，peopleconsumealargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreate_a_huge_amount_of_pollution(造成了巨大的污染)．Sorecyclingwasteproductsisveryessential.[归纳拓展]表示“许多/大量……”的短语大集合：①anumberof只接可数名词复数。②agreatdealof，agreatamountof，largeamountsof等只接不可数名词。(1)许多/大(少)量……eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(agood/large/smallamountof＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数,largeamountsof＋不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数))(2)amountto等于；达到③alotof，lotsof，plentyof，alargequantityof，largequantitiesof等既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。5．approachn．接近；方法；途径(awayofdealingwithsth.)；道路vt.接近(getnearto)；接洽；着手处理vi.靠近①Alltheapproaches(approach)totheairportwereblockedbythepoliceyesterday.②Thejobmarkethaschangedandourapproachestofinding(find)ajobmustchangeaswell.③Attheapproachofthesummervacation，I'mplanningtotraveltomanyplaces.→a.As_the_summer_vacation_is_approaching，I'mplanningtotraveltomanyplaces.(状语从句),(1)anapproachto...接近；近似；……的方法/途径attheapproachof在快到……的时候(2)approachsb.接近某人/某物beapproaching正在/将要接近→b.With_the_summer_vacation_approaching，I'mplanningtotraveltomanyplaces.(with复合结构)[实战贴士]注意下面“(做)某事的方法”的正确搭配：①theapproachto(doing)sth.②thewaytodo/of(doing)sth.③themeansof(doing)sth.④themethodof(doing)sth.6．breakaway(fromsb./sth.)脱离；背叛；逃脱①Theywishedtobreakawayandformanewstate.②Theelevatordidn'tworkandwehadtowalkuptothetenthfloor.→Theelevatorbroke_downandwehadtowalkuptothetenthfloor.,breakdown出故障；失败；垮掉；分解breakin破门而入；打断(谈话等)breakinto强行闯入；突然……起来breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)breakup解体；分拆；驱散；分手；结束；放假7.[教材原句]Ifyoukeep_your_eyes_open，youwillbesurprisedtofindthatyoucanseebothitspastanditspresent.如果你留心，你会很吃惊地发现你既能看到它的过去又能看到它的现在。•keep复合结构①Youmustkeepyoureyesclosed(close)whendoingeyeexercises.②Thequestionkeptmewondering(wonder)fortherestofthenight.③我们一定要让教室保持整洁卫生。We_must_keep_our_classroom_clean_and_tidy.,keep的复合结构构成：keep＋宾语＋形容词/副词keep＋宾语＋介词短语keep＋宾语＋doing(表示动作持续进行)keep＋宾语＋done(表示被动)8.[教材原句]Thepeacefullandscapeofthe“EmeraldIsle”anditsmanygreencountiesisatruefeastfortheeyes，with_its_rolling_green_hills_dottedwithsheepandcattle.“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。•with复合结构①Withaguideto_show(show)usaroundthescenicspots，we'resuretohaveagoodtime.②Withseveralproblemsremaining(remain)tobesolved，westillneedtoholdanothermeetingassoonaspossible.③Withmoreandmoreforestsdamaged(damage)，someanimalsandplantsarefacingthedangerofdyingout.④那个人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。The_man_was_walking_on_the_street，with_a_book_under_his_arm.,with的复合结构在句中作状语和定语，其构成：with＋宾语＋todo(表示将来的动作)with＋宾语＋doing(表示主动或进行)with＋宾语＋done(表示被动或完成)with＋宾语＋介词短语/adj./adv.eq\a\vs4\al(层级一)过基础核心知识精准练维度1单句语法填空1．WhatpuzzlesyouisactuallyapuzzletomanyparentsinChina.2．Evidently(evident)，incompetitivesocietytherearebothlosersandwinners.3．Thesurrounding(surround)villageshavebeenabsorbedbythegrowingcity.4．Motherputsthebabyinthechargeofthebaby­sitterwhilesheisout.5．Approaching(approach)thecitycentre，wesawastonestatueofabout10metresinheight.6．Whatstruck(strike)memostwastheenthusiasmofthelocalpeople.7．Inthesummerof2016，aterriblefloodbrokeoutinthesouthofChina，causingagreatlosstothepeoplethere.8．Wehadtokeeptrackofourbelongings(belong)，andifsomethingwaslost，itwasnotreplaced.9．Isanybodyfeelingcold？Ifnot,_letusopenthewindows.10．Withthenightapproaching(approach)，Ibecameworriedandcouldnotkeepcalm.维度2完成句子/句式升级1．属于自己的，不要放弃。已经失去的，留作回忆。①Don'tgiveupthethingsthat/which_belong_to_youandkeepthoselostthingsinmemory.(定语从句)②Don'tgiveupthethingsbelonging_to_youandkeepthoselostthingsinmemory.(分词短语作定语)2．因为急于看日出，他们四点钟就起床了。①As_they_were_eager_to_see_the_sunrise，theygotupatfour.(状语从句)②Eager_to_see_the_sunrise，theygotupatfour.(形容词短语作状语)3．Thevillageissurroundedbytheforest，andlooksverybeautiful.→Surrounded_by_the_forest，thevillagelooksverybeautiful.(分词短语作状语)4．Twofriendshadanargument，whichbrokeuptheirfriendshipforever.→Twofriendshadanargument，breaking_up_their_friendship_forever.(分词短语作结果状语)5．Becausethekeywaslost，hehadtowaitoutsidethedoor.→With_the_key_lost，hehadtowaitoutsidethedoor.(with复合结构)eq\a\vs4\al(层级二)提能力必备素养提升练提能1单元语法填空WhenstudyingintheUnitedKingdom,Iwasnolonger1.puzzled(puzzle)aboutwhenEnglandgotWales，ScotlandandIreland2.joined(join)toitorwhenthesouthernpartofIrelandbrokeawayfromit.ThefourcountriesbelongingtotheUKuse3.thesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence，buttheyhavedifferentlegalsystems.IsawmuchevidencethatshowedtheRomans，theVikingsaswellastheNormansinvadedandconqueredtheGreatBritain，leavingtheirso­calledachievementsand4.influencing(influence)thenamesoflocationsandvocabulary.Thereweremanyfascinatingplaces，soIhadtokeepmyeyesopen.LaterItraveledtoIreland5.whereIfoundmyselffascinatedbythelandscape.ItwasafeastformyeyesasifIwereapproachingagalleryinwhichI6.was_surrounded(surround)withbeautifulpictures.EverydayIwasgreetedwiththerollingmountainsdottedwithsheepandcattle，theroaroftheoceanandthescentofflowers.Ioftenhadasipofwineorbeerinnearbypubswhichchargedasmallamountofmoney7.fortheirservice.OnceItalkedabouttheir8.customs(custom)withacrowdofIrishpeoplewhowereinterestedinourConfuciusphilosophy，poemscreatedbypoetsintheTangDynastyandourancestors'chiefachievements.Theyweregenerousandsharedwith9.me(I)asnackcookedwithbutterandhoneyandamouth­wateringstew.ThejourneyissostrikingthatI'meager10.to_go(go)thereagain.提能2单元话题写作(历史文化)根据本单元词汇、句式和语法知识补全短文DearMr.Smith，I'msosorrythatIwon'tbeabletoattendthelectureontheAmericanhistorythisSaturdaymorning，becausemymotherwillcometoseemethatday.Wehaven'tseeneachotherforquitealongtimeandIhavepromisedtomeetherattherailwaystationandIdon'twantto1.keep_her_waiting_for_long(让她长时间等待)．Asyouknow，2.I'm_eager_to_learn_about(我渴望了解)theAmericanhistory，soit'sreallyapitytomissthelecture.ButIwonderifIcouldhaveacopyofthePPT3.free_of_charge(免费)．ItwouldmeansomuchtometowatchthevideoorPPTandlearnwhat'scoveredinyourlecture.Bestwishestoyou!Yourssincerely，LiHua提能3单元读写结合写作微技能——情感描写之“宽慰和温暖”[积累常诵]形容词/动词/名词/副词warm,warmth,relief,relieved,warmly固定短语toone'srelief,afeelingofwarmth[语段写作]1．按要求用描写人物的“宽慰和温暖”之情的表达完成下列各句。①看到一辆车靠近，爱丽丝(Alice)松了一口气。Alice_felt_relieved_to_see_a_car_approaching.(形容词)②当司机微笑着让她搭车时，她松了一口气。When_the_driver_with_a_smile_offered_a_ride_to_her，she_gasped_with_relief.(介词短语)③爱丽丝终于上车了，一种温暖和解脱交织的感觉涌上心头。Alicefinallygotinthecar，anda_mixture_of_warmth_and_relief_flooded_over_her.(名词作主语)④爱丽丝到了她办公室所在的大楼，如释重负地松了口气。→Alicereachedthetallbuildingwhereherofficewas.She_breathed_a_sigh_of_relief.(简单句)→Reaching_the_tall_building_where_her_office_was，Alice_breathed_a_sigh_of_relief.(分词短语作状语)⑤当她感谢陌生人的帮助时，感激的泪水涌入她的眼睛，但他只是暖暖地一笑。Tears_of_appreciation_welled_up_in_her_eyesasshethankedthestrangerforhishelp，buthe_just_smiled_warmly.(副词)⑥她在寒冷的天气里感受到了温暖，相信处处都有善良。She_felt_warm_in_the_cold_day，andbelievedtherewaskindnessineverycorner.(形容词)2．将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。[参考范文]Alicefeltrelievedtoseeacarapproaching.Whenthedriverwithasmileofferedaridetoher，shegaspedwithrelief.Then，Alicefinallygotinthecar，andamixtureofwarmthandrelieffloodedoverher.Reachingthetallbuildingwhereherofficewas，Alicebreathedasighofrelief.Tearsofappreciationwelledupinhereyesasshethankedthestrangerforhishelp，buthejustsmiledwarmly.Shefeltwarminthecoldday，andbelievedtherewaskindnessineverycorner.[名篇品读]Idare，Idareallowmyselfthehopethat，afteryoureadthis，youwillbemorecharitabletomethanIeverwastoyou.Thatyoumightfinditinyourhearttocomeandseeyourfather.Thatyouwillknockonmydooronemoretimeandgivemethechancetoopenitthistime，towelcomeyou，totakeyouinmyarms，mydaughter，asIshouldhaveallthoseyearsago.Itisahopeasweakasmyheart.ThisIknow.ButIwillbewaiting.Iwillbelisteningforyourknock.Iwillbehoping.—AThousandSplendidSuns我敢让自己希望，在你读了这封信之后，你会比我对你更仁慈。或许如此我们父女就有了在你心中相聚的机会。你会再次敲我的门，给我一次开门的机会，欢迎你，把你抱在我怀里，我的女儿，就像我多年前应该做的那样。这是一个和我的心一样脆弱的希望。这我知道。但我会等的。我会一直保留着听见你敲门的希望。——《灿烂千阳》Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2022·汕头第二次模拟)ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms，whichreflecttheChinesepeople'sunderstandingoftime.Hereseveralspecialsolartermsarelisted.RainWaterRainWatersignalstheincreaseinrainfallandriseintemperature.Withitsarrival，theriverwaterdefreezes，wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorth，andtreesandgrassturngreenagain.Extracareisneededtocopewithareturningcoldspellinthisperiod.ThewetanddampweatherduringRainWaterperiodisconsideredharmfulforpeople'sspleen(脾)andstomachaccordingtoChinesemedicalpractice.Therefore，abowlofnutritiousporridgeisthebestchoicetonourishthebody.AwakeningofInsectsAsthethirdsolarterminthelunaryear，itsnameimpliesthatanimalssleepinginwinterareawakenedbyspringthunderandthattheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.Itisthekeytimeforspringagriculturalactivities.Modernmeteorologicalscienceshowsthataroundthisperiod，theearthbecomeswetandthehothumidairfromthenorthisstrongandcreatesfrequentwinds.Forthisreason，thunderoftenoccurs.SpringEquinoxSpringEquinoxsignalstheequallengthofthedayandnighttime.OnthedayoftheSpringEquinox，thesunisdirectlyabovetheequator.Aftertheequinox，thesunmovesnorthwards，resultingingraduallylongerdaytimeintheNorthernHemisphere.Standinganegguprightisapopulargameduringthisperiod.Itisbelievedthatifsomeonecanmaketheeggstand，hewillhavegoodluckinthefuture.GrainRainGrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying，“Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains”，whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportantforthegrowthofcropsandpeoplearebusyworkingontheland.GrainRainfallsbetweentheendofspringandthebeginningofsummer，withinfrequentcoldairmovingtothesouthandlingeringcoldairinthenorth.Withdrysoil，anunsteadyatmosphereandheavywindsandsandstormsbecomemorefrequent.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的“雨水”“惊蛰”“春分”和“谷雨”这四个节气。1．WhatcanweknowaboutRainWater?A．Riverwaterstartstofreeze.B．Takingoffthethickcoatsisadvisable.C．Livelyspring­likescenerycanbeseen.D．Itfallsbetweentheendofspringandthestartofsummer.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Withitsarrival，theriverwaterdefreezes，wildgeesemovefromsouthtonorth，andtreesandgrassturngreenagain.”可知，雨水之后热闹的春色随处可见。答案：C2．WhatdoAwakeningofInsectsandGrainRainhaveincommon?A．Farmingseason.B．Animalactivities.C．Airtemperature.D．Frequentthundering.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Itisthekeytimeforspringagriculturalactivities.”可知，惊蛰是春季农业活动的关键时期，再根据最后一段第一句“GrainRainoriginatesfromtheoldsaying，‘Rainbringsupthegrowthofhundredsofgrains'，whichshowsthatthisperiodofrainfallisextremelyimportantforthegrowthofcropsandpeoplearebusyworkingontheland.”可得知，惊蛰和谷雨这两个节气对农业来说都很重要，是耕作的季节。答案：A3．Inwhichsolartermwouldpeoplemostprobablyputonmasks?A．RainWater.B．GrainRain.C．SpringEquinox.D．AwakeningofInsects.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Withdrysoil，anunsteadyatmosphereandheavywindsandsandstormsbecomemorefrequent.”可推测，在谷雨时沙尘暴经常出现，所以人们最可能需要佩戴口罩保护自己。答案：BB(2022·南昌一模)Nexttimeyouarestrugglingwiththecrossword,tryputtingthekettleon.Drinkingacupofteacanimprovecreativity,astudysuggests.Researchersgavemenandwomeneitherteaorwaterandthenaskedthemtocompleteawordassociationgame,whichwasusedtomeasureaformofcreativityknownasconvergentthinking(聚合思维)．Inthegame,theparticipantsweregivensetsofwordssuchas“same,tennis,head”andaskedtofindameaningfullinkbetweenthem.Theanswer,inthiscase,wouldbe“match？”.Afteranalysingtheresultsinawaythatruledoutthepotentialeffectsofaperson'sintelligenceandlanguageability,theresearchers,fromPekingUniversityinChina,foundthatthosewhodranktheteaperformedsignificantlybetterinthewordassociationgame.Theteadrinkersscoredanaverageof13.89inthewordassociationgamecomparedwith12.94forwaterdrinkers.Theresearcherssaiditwasnotclearwhyteahasthisbeneficialeffect.Teacontainscaffeineandtheanine,whichcanimproveattention,butthe100participantsinthestudydrankonlyasmallamountoftea—90ml,onaverage—andcarriedoutthetestsverysoonafterconsumingit,meaninganyeffectwouldhavebeenignored.“Thisresultshowedthattheteadrinkingeventitself—ratherthanthebiologicalcomponentsoftea—playedapositiverole，”theresearcherssaid.“Previousresearchhasfoundthatpeopletendtoassociateteadrinkingwithaspecificsetofpersonalitytraits,suchassmart,creative,elegant,confident,andstable.Itmaybethatwhenparticipantsarestimulated(刺激)bytea,thementalrepresentationofateadrinkerisalsoactivated,andtheyunconsciouslythinkthattheyshouldbesmarterandmorecreative，”theyadded.“Futureresearchshouldfocusonspecificmechanisms(机制)andclarifywhichvariablesmoderatetheimpactofteaconsumptiononconvergentthinking.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，喝茶可以提升创造力。4．Whatdidtheparticipantshavetodointhestudy?A．Pairthewordswitheachother.B．Guessthemeaningofthewords.C．Findaconnectionbetweenthewords.D．Tellthedifferencesamongthewords.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句(在游戏中，会提供给参与者数组单词，比如“相同的、网球、头”，然后要求参与者找到这些单词之间的一种有意义的联系)可知，C项正确。答案：C5．Whathelpedaparticipantgetahigherscoreaccordingtotheresearchers?A．Theactionofdrinkingteaitself.B．Theparticipant'sintelligence.C．Theparticipant'slanguageability.D．Thebiologicalcomponentsoftea.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句(研究人员说：“这项结果表明，发挥积极作用的是饮茶事件本身，而不是茶叶的生物成分。”)可知，是喝茶行为本身帮助参与者得了更高的分数，故选A。答案：A6．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepreviousresearch?A．Drinkingteamakespeoplemoreactive.B．Drinkingteaispopularamongtheyouth.C．Peopletendtodrinkteamorethanbefore.D．Peopledrinkingteaareoftenthoughtsmart.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段开头(以往的研究发现，人们倾向于把饮茶和特定的一系列性格特征联系起来，比如聪明、有创造力、优雅、自信、稳重)可知，D项(饮茶的人通常被认为是聪明的)正确。答案：D7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．DrinkingTeaIsGoodforHealthB．DrinkingTeaIsaPopularTrendC．DrinkingTeaMakesforCreativityD．DrinkingTeaMattersaLotinLife解析：标题归纳题。根据文章中心句，即第一段第二句(研究表明，喝一杯茶可以提升创造力)可知，C项(喝茶促进创造力)正确。答案：CⅡ.阅读七选五(2022·湖南师大附中模拟三)WhyDoBridesWearWhite?Inmanysocietiesthecolorwhitehasbeenassociatedwithpurityandvirtue，andthatisonereasonwhysomebrideschoosetowearwhite，especiallyintheWest.Usually，youwillhearthatbrideswearwhitebecause“it'satradition”．But，historically，whitewasnottheonlycolorconsideredforweddingdresses.1FormanycenturiesinWesternsocieties，weddingdresseshaddifferentcolors.2Bridestendedtobuyaweddingdressthatcouldbewornagain，ortheysimplyworethebestdresstheyalreadyowned.Andwhiteisnotpractical：itisdifficulttokeepcleanandisthereforenotidealformanysituationsorforrepeatedwear.Manybrideschosetoweardressesofothercolorsfortheirweddingandbeyond.3TheydosolargelythankstoatrendthatstartedwithQueenVictoria's1840weddingtoPrinceAlbert.4Althoughnotinasmanydifferentmediaaswehavenow，theystillhadatendencytobetrendsetting.SoVictoriachosetowearawhitegown(礼服)producedbytheBritishlaceindustry，whichwasdepressedatthetime.Herfashionchoicewaswidelyreportedinnewspapersandmagazines.5Eventually，thetrendofawhiteweddingg