跨文化商务交际(窦卫霖)

cooperationsocialneedspersonalneedsinformationcooperationsocialneedspersonalneedsinformation课本第三页1-NeedsandPurposesforCommunication(6)power(6)power(4)relationships(4)relationships(5)persuasion劝说self-expression用P4—P6Survival、Co-operation、Personalneeds.Relationships.persuasion 回答，不要求全部都写出来，但是至少要答四到五个，理解读懂还要有对这个词的解释P6掌握交际的概念(Definition)Communicationreferstotheactandprocessofsendingandreceivingmessagesamongpeople.Eg:buycomputerviaInternetCommunication—someoneperceivesbehaviororitsresidueandattributesmeaningtoit.Communicationhastakenplaceregardlessofwhetherthatbehaviorisconsciousorunconscious.Intentionalorunintentional.P10(很重要)交际的过程(theprocess)thecomponentsofcommunicationMessageSenderReceiverChannelNoiseFeedbackEncoding/DecodingModelsofcommunication(1)thelinearmodel(2)thecircularmodel(3)thecontextualizedmodelP14交际的特征(Characteristics)里的黑体标题要看懂1.communicationisdynamic动态2.communicationisirreversible不可撤销3.communicationissymbolic符号性4.communicationissystemic系统性5.communicationisself-reflective自我反映性6.communicationisinteractive交互性7.communicationiscomplex复杂性P22里的最后一段中影响跨文化交际的主要三个因素Languagebarriers，differentvalues，differentculturalpatternsofbehaviorICC与ICBC的概念interculturalcommunication(ICC)•--interpersonalcommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferenterculturalbusinesscommunication(ICBC)•--communicationwithinandbetweenbusinessesthatinvolvepeoplefrommorethanonecultureP31课后练习中的DiscussionQuestions的前三个问题P41关于文化的概念在这页的第五段Cultureisthetotalaccumulation(积累)ofbeliefs,customs,values,behaviors,institutions(习俗)andcommunicationpatterns(样式)thatareshared,learnedandpasseddownthroughthegenerationsinanidentifiablegroupofpeople.P42文化的特点还要解释四个到五个1.cultureisnotinnate;itislearned(e.g.sneezing)2.cultureistransmittedfromgenerationtogeneration3.cultureisselective4.thefacetsofcultureareinterrelated(e.g.women'smovement)5.cultureisethnocentric6.cultureissubjecttochangeP46价值观的概念(definitionofvalue)One'sprinciplesorstandards,one'sjudgmentofwhatisvaluableorimportantinlifeAbroadtendencytoprefercertainstatesofaffairsoverothers.(HofstedeP46)Aconception,explicitorimplicit,distinctiveofanindividualorcharacteristicofagroup,ofthedesirablewhichinfluencestheselectionfromavailablemodes,means,andendsofaction.P45(重点)valuesfromthecoreofculture1.valuesformthecoreofculture2.valuesarethedeepestmanifestationsofcultureandmostdifficulttounderstandbyanoutsider.(symbols-heroes-rituals-values,byHofstede)P48价值观的分类1.universalvalues(e.g.,happylife)2.cultural-specificvalues(e.g..modestyforChineseculture)3.peculiarexpressionordeviationsofindividualswithincultures(subjectiveculture)P49价值观是怎样形成的？howtogetone'svalue?•1.fromone'sfamily•2.fromschooleducationteachers•3.fromone'speers•4.fromsocietyatlargeP59(很重要)hofstede-Bond'sValueDimensionsIndividualismvs.Collectivism(P.61)PowerDistanceUncertaintyAvoidanceMasculinityvs.Femininity回答这个题目时要说这个理论是谁写的，叫什么名字，理论是什么(从^60-64四个角度回答)还要解释，还要给例子，比如P62的图表。这样才能得高分P80课后练习第一大题的前三个问题P222商务礼仪的重要性从这页的第二段前四句回答1.toincreasethequalityoflifeintheworkplace2.tocontributetooptimumemployeemoral3.toestablishthecompanyimage4.toplayamajorroleingeneratingprofitP223DefiningBusinessEtiquetteandProtocol(礼仪指的是什么。礼节指怎样做)具体分析Etiquettereferstomannersandbehaviorconsideredacceptableinsocialandbusinesssituations.Protocol:customsandregulationsdealingwithdiplomaticetiquetteandcourtesiesexpectedinofficialdealingwithpersonsinvariouscultures.ChaneyandMartin(2002)DifferencebetweenetiquetteandprotocolProtocoliswhattodoinagivensituation.Etiquetteishowtodoitandhowtodoitgracefully.P225(很重要)Culturaldifferencesinbusinessetiquetteandprotocol文化在这两者中的不一样？会解释，举例子说明1.initialbusinessrelationship2.Socialentertainment3.Giftgivingetiquette4.businessdress5.businessschedule6.theuseofhumor

P254课后练习第一大题的1235写作注意格式，格式占一半分January一月July七月February二月August八月March三月September九月April四月October十月May五月November十一月June六月December十二月1.I缩进式InduntedStyle地址和h他君分行的地方.后行比前行郛r<里缩进二至三个芙语字出每段尸始向空第进田至五个英垃字母「信末揑信人签名、住打孚时也应比上面的结束讳一行向里缩进二至三个英话字%整封倍要显得勻称美珊1.2齐头StblockedStyle分段时，包括口期和签名那从乂边尸娼匚每行对齐。成一至n绞°打字时.不必孝虑左边的留宁.進样可以节省时间.：1,新中齐头式CaipraniseBlsckedStyle折中齐头式大致与齐头式掏似.所不同的是借头，容套结语之签名放定方，故称折中齐头戎「I.牟昆合式Mdi-PiEd lr混合式大致匂折中齐头式捋似.所不同的是正文每段尸始间里缩进卄五个英文宇旦匸几卿格式況合来同'抜称混台式:以上四种格竟，缩行式或混合式亍英式的信函格式，齐头式或折中齐头我是姜衣的侣函桐式n翳进式和齐头式现在用得很少了、产折中齐头式和混头式的使用號为普遍「亢中又以折中产头衣更为广泛便用*土要是□十电脑在商务英语函电凶耳仕中的应用便信函的排版和左右对汗很容易"2■英语信函的结构StructureofanEhglIshUisiriessLetter怕函萌组成包播下列若干部分在一般情况下・前七亍部分泉不M缺少的.2】信头Heading口头有对也叫发僧人的地址.在僧巒右上角.證开怙班项头约一吳、仁信头表示出一家公司的昂格，^njj-T蛤人ijw_该曲司的E|1鲁一除公司闲名称惡地址外，僧头还可包括电话号码、电报揍号、使同的电报代码、电传号吧、代貝号码.唱子信箱以及所经营的业务印18函的信头通常刃在该扯近所悽用的借笺上「22三期Eato口期在坦址］面“以便讣收信人知值乓信口#L口期应按月、日.年｛美式英语）戒日、年｛英戎英语）的顺序仝文匕出-一H.既刃用基数词｛i.M3W）又;"用序数词（1H2nM£『d等人23封内地址L:i!iid^Miress封内地址包括收僧人的姓塔和地址°写在左上甬.沿着左面页线，比右上角的日期约低一到两行匚如舉拥道某都门的主管人员.写信比蝕月他的头衔’封内地址的一般规则如下：<1>收信人的并各｛及头衙h<21商行名称；『3）门牌号玛和街名；（4） 诫市或萌包（5） 州■.县容屍棊邮政编码，「门国刍（$ra信寄往国外人2蘇呼SalLitaticn称貯是对收怙人的尊称谄•具位置是在封内地址的下面两行处，井与之平毀对一般男子