高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点04 阅读理解之主旨题（含解析）

查补易混易错04阅读理解之主旨题新高考卷全国卷2022202120222021卷I卷II卷I卷II乙卷甲卷乙卷甲卷细节理解题67888865推理判断题75555368词义猜测题12111111主旨大意题11111321题型特点主旨大意题要求高、难度大，是阅读理解中考生最容易失分的题目。此类试题不仅要求考生有略读文章、领会大意的能力，还要求考生具有较强的判断、推理、归纳和分析问题的能力。主旨大意题一般包括：文章标题、文章主旨和段落大意。正确选项特征1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。2.范围恰当，既不太宽泛，也不片面。3.精确性强，不会改变原文表意的程度及感情色彩。干扰选项特征1.过于笼统，不知所云：所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容。2.以偏概全，主次不分：所给选项只涵盖文章的部分内容，与原文只有部分交集，或以文中的细节信息或个别词作为选项内容，或以次要内容充当主要内容。3.移花接木，偷换概念：所给选项把A的内容放在B上。4.无中生有，生搬硬套：所给选项的内容看似与原文相关，实则无关。技巧1速读文章，明确主题速读文章，抓住文章主题句或关键词。考生应抓住反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。(1)、主题句的特征①、首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容往往体现文章主旨;②、作者有意识地反复陈述的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词或短语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词;③、段落中出现表转折的词或短语(如however,but,infact,actually等)时，该词或短语后的句子很可能是主题句。(2)、寻找主题句①、主题句在段首主题句在段首的文章结构是先点明主题，然后围绕这一主题进行分析，用演绎法阐述观点。在议论文、科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种方式。②、主题句在段中当主题句被安排在段落中间时，通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、论证或展开。③、主题句在段尾主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据，层层推理论证，最后得出结论，即段落的主题。【全国I2020·D】Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.B.Abigfallincrimerates.C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.【解析】根据第一段中的positive及所举的两个例子(绿化的区城犯罪率低以及绿植多的办公区城员工的工效率更高)可如，未段主要介绍的是绿色植物给人们带的处。故选D项。技巧2瞻首顾尾，定位中心句每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句成为该段主题句的概率往往最大。将首段的中心句与各段第一句串联在一起，常常可以得出文章的中心思想。此外，文章的逻辑结构也有助于定位中心句。常见的结构有按时间顺序组织的结构或“分述------总说”结构。按时间先后顺序说明某一件事或某一理论的发展过程的文章,主题句通常在首段或末段；采用“分述-----总说”结构的文章，前几段分述，末段总结，这类文章主题句常在末段。【全国Ⅱ2020·B】Someparentswillbuyanyhigh--techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills....Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduringevery-dayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage....ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.C.Awomanpsychologist.D.Ateachingprogram.【解析】本文主要围绕一项研究展开说明，具体介绍了它的研究对象、研究方法及研究发现，最后还提到其研究结论被发表在一本学术刊物上。故选B项。技巧3确定概括范围，关注题目特点主旨大意题的答案设置分为两类。一类是文章有一个明确的主题句，正确选项往往是它的同义转述句。做这类题时，首先要找出文章的主题句，这样就明确了文章要讲什么，再通读全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，因而主题句在文章中出现的位置也不固定。另一类是文章中没有可概括全文的中心句，主题句隐含在全文当中。阅读这样的文章时，考生应根据文章的细节来分析、概括，从而推导出文章的主旨大意。【例】Twofour-kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity,onefortraffictothenorthandtheotherforthetraffictothesouth.Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide,providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection.Intheupperpartofthetunnel,twoairconditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel.Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel,practicallyatitshighestpoint.Therewillalsobeelectricsignsatfrequentintervals.Theyshowtrafficconditionsaheadandcanbeseenclearlybydrivers.Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements,whichincludeawaterproofcoveringand,ontheinsideofthetunnel,aconcretelining.Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?Theconstructionoftwolanes.B.Thefunctionofaroad.C.Thesolutiontocars'pollution.D.Thedesignoftwotunnels.【解析】本段没有主题句，考生需要对文章进行整体概括。考生应多注意文章中反复出现的中心词thetunnel再结合文章的内容，可以推断出本文主要讲述的是隧道的设计。故选D项。（一）（2023年浙江1月份高考真题）AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.1．Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A．Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B．Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C．Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D．Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.2．WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A．Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B．Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C．Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.3．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators. B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy. D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.4．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay B．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment【参考答案】1．B

2．C

3．A

4．D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。【详情解析】1．【B】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。2．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。3．【A】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。4．【D】主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。（二）（2023年浙江1月份高考真题）Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.5．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Shareanapartmentwithyou. B．Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.C．Transformyourwayofliving. D．Helpyoutomakethedecision.6．Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A．Hedisapprovedofit. B．Hewasfavorabletoit.C．Hewastolerantofit. D．Hedidn’tcareaboutit.7．Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A．Sheisquitegoodatcooking. B．Sherespectsothers’privacy.C．Sheenjoysbeingahousewife. D．Sheisadeterminedperson.8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B．Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C．Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D．Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.【参考答案】5．B

6．A

7．D

8．C【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。【详情解析】5．【B】词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyto(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jumponthatbandwagon与Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。6．【A】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。7．【D】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.(然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。8．【C】主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。故选C。（三）（2022年全国高考甲卷真题）Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.Then,oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortofthere—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowinhisearly30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.Ispentthewholemorningshuttlingbackandforthacrosstheharbor.AfterourthirdrunAndrewshutdowntheengine,andwewentourseparateways—heforalunchbreak,Itoexplorethecity.“I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.“Howdoyoumean?”Iasked.“Oh,they’rereplacingthemwithcatamarans.Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.Butthat’sprogress,Iguess.”EverywhereinSydneythesedays,changeandprogressarethewatchwords(口号),andtraditionsareincreasinglyrare.ShirleyFitzgerald,thecity’sofficialhistorian,toldmethatinitsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings.“Sydneyisconfusedaboutitself,”shesaid.“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.It’saconflictthatwearen’tgettinganybetteratresolving(解决).”Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.IconsideredthiswhenImetathoughtfulyoungbusinessmannamedAnthony.“Manypeoplesaythatwelackcultureinthiscountry,”hetoldme.“WhatpeopleforgetisthattheItalians,whentheycametoAustralia,brought2000yearsoftheirculture,theGreekssome3000years,andtheChinesemorestill.We’vegotafoundationbuiltonancientculturesbutwithadriveanddynamismofayoungcountry.It’saprettyhardcombinationtobeat.”Heisright,butIcan’thelpwishingtheywouldkeepthoseoldferries.9．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Sydney’sstrikingarchitecture. B．TheculturaldiversityofSydney.C．ThekeytoSydney’sdevelopment. D．Sydney’stouristattractionsinthe1960s.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutAndrewReynolds?A．Hegoestoworkbyboat. B．Helooksforwardtoanewlife.C．Hepilotscatamaranswell. D．Heisattachedtotheoldferries.11．WhatdoesShirleyFitzgeraldthinkofSydney?A．Itislosingitstraditions. B．Itshouldspeedupitsprogress.C．Itshouldexpanditspopulation. D．Itisbecomingmoreinternational.12．Whichstatementwilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?A．Acitycanbeyoungandoldatthesametime.B．Acitybuiltonancientculturesismoredynamic.C．Modernityisusuallyachievedatthecostofelegance.D．Compromiseshouldbemadebetweenthelocalandtheforeign.【参考答案】9．C

10．D

11．A

12．A【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了悉尼城市发展中对于现代化和传统保护的困惑，并提出“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。【详情解析】9．【C】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.(20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了自己的港口。)”和最后一句“Butitistheharborthatmakesthecity.(但正是港口造就了这座城市。)”可知，第一段主要是讲悉尼发展的关键。故选C。10．【D】细节理解题。根据第三段““I’llmisstheseoldboats,”hesaidasweparted.(“我会想念这些旧船的，”我们分手时他说。)”和第五段第二句“Catamaransarefaster,butthey’renotsoelegant,andthey’renotfuntopilot.(双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。)”可知，AndrewReynolds喜欢那些旧渡船。故选D。11．【A】细节理解题。根据第六段第二句中的“initsrushtomodernityinthe1970s,Sydneysweptasidemuchofitspast,includingmanyofitsfinestbuildings(在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼抛弃了许多过去的东西，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”和第四句“Wecan’tseemtomakeupourmindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditionalone.(我们似乎无法决定是要一个现代的城市还是一个传统的城市。)”可知，ShirleyFitzgerald认为悉尼正在丢失传统。故选A。12．【A】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Ontheotherhand,beingyoungandoldatthesametimehasitsattractions.(另一方面，同时年轻和年老也有它的吸引力。)”可知，作者会认同“一座城市可以同时年轻和年老”的观点。故选A。（四）（浙江省杭州市地区重点中学2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题）“Sunshinemightbehealthierthanmostpeoplethink,outweighingtheriskofskincancer”,Britishdoctorssuggestedlastweek.ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversitywereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.Expertsagreeexposuretothesun’sultravioletraysincreasestheriskofskincancerandacceleratesthesignsofaging.ButintheBritishMedicalJournaltheBristolteamledbyAndrewNesswrote,“Thereisevidencethatthepotentialbenefitsofexposuretosunlightmayoutweighthewidelypublicizednegativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer.”VitaminD,madeinthebodyinreactiontosunlight,preventedrickets(软骨病)inchildrenandwasassociatedwithaprotectiveeffectagainstheartdisease.Sunshinewasalsousefulfortreatingcertainskinconditionsandtherewasalsothe“feelgoodeffectoflyingorsittinginthesun”.Theresearcherssaiditwastooearlytoadvisepeopletospendmoretimeinthesun,butsuggestedthebasisofthecurrentadvicetocoverupshouldbereviewed.“Perhaps,whileweawaittheconclusionsofsuchformalanalyses,thoseofuswhoenjoyspendingtimeinthesuncanrestassuredthatthechancethatwewillbeoneofthepeopledyingfromthesunsmall.”theyadded.Theirarticlewasstronglycriticizedbyhealthcampaignerswhoclaimeditwasunbalancedandnotbackedbyscientificevidence.Britain’sHealthEducationAuthoritysaidskincancerwasthemostcommonformofcancerinthecountry,withmorethan50,000newcasesdiagnosedeachyearandmorethan2,000peopledyingfromthedisease.Itsaidtreatmentalmostalwaysrequiredsurgeryandalmost50percentofcaseswerefatal.Theauthority’sskincancercampaignmanagerChristopherNewsaid,“Weareverydisappointedwiththiscontroversialarticle.Itdoesn’thaveenoughsupportingevidenceandrunstheriskundoingmanyyearsof“goodhealtheducation””.13．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefourresearchersinthefirstparagraph?A．Theywereaccusedofwarningpeopleofthedangeroftoomuchsun.B．Theyagreedexposuretothesun’sultravioletraysacceleratedpeople’saging.C．Theypublicizedthenegativeeffectofthesunontheincidenceofskincancer.D．Theybelievedbeingexposedtosunlightmightbebeneficialtopeople’shealth.14．WhatwilltheBristolteamsupport?A．Childrenshouldcoverupinthesunlight.B．Sunshinehelpstotreatsomeskinconditions.C．Thoseenjoyingthesunarefreeofskincancer.D．Peopleshouldcurrentlyspendmoretimeinthesun.15．Whatdoesthe“goodhealtheducation”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Warningpeopleofthedangeroftoomuchsunlight.B．Informingpeopleofthebenefitsofexposuretosunlight.C．Convincingpeopleoftheeffectofsunonskinconditions.D．Remindingpeopleofthegoodfeelingoflyingorsittinginthesun.16．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．Morepeoplearedyingfromskincancer.B．Sunshinedoesmoreharmthangoodtoskin.C．Sunshinecanpreventheartdiseaseinchildren.D．Astudyfoundsunshinehaslotsofbenefits.【参考答案】13．D

14．B

15．A

16．D【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是，有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。【详情解析】13．【D】细节理解题。根据第一段的“ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversitywereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.(布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。)”可知，这四位研究人员认为暴露在阳光下可能对人们的健康有益。故选D。14．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段的“ButintheBritishMedicalJournaltheBristolteamledbyAndrewNesswrote,“Thereisevidencethatthepotentialbenefitsofexposuretosunlightmayoutweighthewidelypublicizednegativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer.”(但在《英国医学杂志》上，由AndrewNess领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”)”和第三段的“Sunshinewasalsousefulfortreatingcertainskinconditionsandtherewasalsothe“feelgoodeffectoflyingorsittinginthesun”.(阳光对治疗某些皮肤状况也很有用，而且“躺在阳光下或坐在阳光下也有很好的感觉”。)”可知，布里斯托尔团队支持的是阳光有助于治疗一些皮肤问题。故选B。15．【A】词句猜测题。根据第一段的“ThefourresearchersatBristolUniversitywereaccusedofweakeningyearsofcampaigningtowarnpeopleofthedangersoftoomuchsun.(布里斯托尔大学的四名研究人员被指责削弱了多年来警告人们过度晒太阳的危害的运动。)”和最后一段的“Weareverydisappointedwiththiscontroversialarticle.Itdoesn’thaveenoughsupportingevidenceandrunstheriskundoingmanyyearsof“goodhealtheducation”(我们对这篇有争议的文章感到非常失望。它没有足够的支持证据，有可能使多年来的“良好健康教育”付之一流。)”可知，此处所说的“良好教育”指的是警告人们太多阳光的危害，故选A。16．【D】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“ButintheBritishMedicalJournaltheBristolteamledbyAndrewNesswrote,“Thereisevidencethatthepotentialbenefitsofexposuretosunlightmayoutweighthewidelypublicizednegativeeffectsontheincidenceofskincancer.”(但在《英国医学杂志》上，由AndrewNess领导的布里斯托尔研究小组写道：“有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响。”)”可知，本文主要讲的是有证据表明，暴露在阳光下的潜在好处可能超过广泛宣传的对皮肤癌发病率的负面影响，也就是一项研究发现阳光有很多好处，故选D。（五）（江苏省南京市2022-2023学年高三下学期1月份六校联合调研测试英语试题）Thewordlisten,asisshowninLongmanDictionary,meanspayingattentiontowhatsomeoneissayingortoasoundthatyoucanhear.Listeningisdefinitelyanimportantskillincommunication.“Whenpeopletalk,listencompletely.”ThosewordsofErnestHemingwaymightbeaprettygoodguidingprincipleformanymanagers.Afterall,peoplelikebeinglistenedto.Somefirmsuseatechniqueknownasa“listeningcircle”.Insuchacircle,onlyonepersoncantalkabouttheissuestheyfaceatatimeandthereisnointerruption.AstudycitedintheHarvardBusinessReviewfoundthatemployeeswhohadtakenpartinalisteningcirclesubsequentlysufferedlesssocialanxietyandhadfewerworriesaboutwork-relatedmattersthanthosewhodidnot.ListeninghasbeencriticaltothecareerofRichardMullender,whowasahostage(人质)negotiator,dealingwitheverythingfromsuicideinterventionstointernationalkidnaps(绑架).Hedefineslisteningas“theidentification,selectionandinterpretationofthekeywords”.Itiscrucialtoalleffectivecommunication.Plentyofpeoplethinkthatgoodlisteningisaboutnoddingyourheadorkeepingeyecontact.Butthatisnotreallylistening,MrMullenderargues.Agoodlistenerisalwayslookingforfacts,emotionsandindicationsoftheotherperson’svalues.Anotherimportantpointtobearinmindisthat,whenyoutalk,youarenotlistening.Thelistener’sfocusshouldbeonanalysis.Ofcourse,alistenerneedstospeakoccasionally.Oneapproachistomakeanassessmentofwhattheotherpersonistellingyouandthencheckitwiththem.Forexample,youcancheckwiththeotherpersonbysaying“Itseemstomethatwhatyouwantis…”.Thatgivestheotherpartyasensethattheyarebeingunderstood.Thefundamentalaimistobuilduparelationshipsotheotherpersonlikesyouandtrustsyou,MrMullendersays.17．Whatcanwelearnabouta“listeningcircle”?A．Alisteningcirclefocusesonpersonalissues.B．Inalisteningcircle,aspeakerwon’tbeinterrupted.C．Alisteningcircleincreasesworriesaboutwork-relatedmatters.D．Employeesgetridofsocialanxietybytakingpartinalisteningcircle.18．What’sMrMullender’sattitudetospeakingoccasionallywhenlistening?A．Critical. B．Opposed. C．Cautious. D．Favorable.19．Whyshouldwebegoodlisteners?A．Tobelikedandtrustedbytheotherperson.B．Tocheckourassessmentswiththeotherperson.C．Tomakeassessmentsofwhattheotherpersonissaying.D．Tohaveasenseofbeingunderstoodbytheotherperson.20．What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A．TheAnalysisofaListeningCircleB．TheTricksofSuccessfulListeningC．TheMisunderstandingofListeningD．TheNecessityofEffectiveListening【参考答案】17．B

18．D

19．A

20．B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功倾听的秘诀。【详情解析】17．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段“Somefirmsuseatechniqueknownasa“listeningcircle”.Insuchacircle,onlyonepersoncantalkabouttheissuestheyfaceatatimeandthereisnointerruption.(一些公司使用一种被称为“倾听圈”的技术。在这样的圈子里，一次只有一个人可以谈论他们面临的问题，而且没有中断)”可知，在“倾听圈”中，说话者不会被打断。故选B项。18．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ofcourse,alistenerneedstospeakoccasionally.Oneapproachistomakeanassessmentofwhattheotherpersonistellingyouandthencheckitwiththem.Forexample,youcancheckwiththeotherpersonbysaying“Itseemstomethatwhatyouwantis…”.Thatgivestheotherpartyasensethattheyarebeingunderstood.(当然，倾听者需要偶尔说话。一种方法是对对方告诉你的内容进行评估，然后与他们核对。例如，你可以通过说“在我看来，你想要的是……”来与对方核实。这给对方一种他们被理解的感觉)”可知，对于倾听时偶尔说话，Mullender先生的态度是支持的。故选D项。19．【A】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Thefundamentalaimistobuilduparelationshipsotheotherpersonlikesyouandtrustsyou,MrMullendersays.(Mullender先生说，基本目标是建立一种关系，让对方喜欢你并信任你)”可知，我们要成为好的倾听者，是为了被对方喜欢和信任。故选A项。20．【B】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Listeningisdefinitelyanimportantskillincommunication.“Whenpeopletalk,listencompletely.”ThosewordsofErnestHemingwaymightbeaprettygoodguidingprincipleformanymanagers.(倾听无疑是沟通中的一项重要技能。“当人们说话时，要认真倾听。”欧内斯特·海明威的这些话可能是许多管理者的一个很好的指导原则)”、倒数第二段“Agoodlistenerisalwayslookingforfacts,emotionsandindicationsoftheotherperson’svalues.(一个好的倾听者总是在寻找事实、情绪和他人价值观的迹象)”以及最后一段“Ofcourse,alistenerneedstospeakoccasionally.(当然，倾听者需要偶尔说话)”可知，本文主要介绍了成功倾听的秘诀，所以“成功倾听的秘诀”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。（六）（2023届广东省名校联盟高三2月份大联考英语试题）Childrenarenaturallycuriousabouttheworldaroundthem.WhenChaseHansenwasonly4yearsold,heencounteredhomelesspeopleforthefirsttimewhileshoppingwithhisdadatanoutdoormallinSaltLakeCity,Nevada.

It’snowonderthathehadalotofquestions.“Chaselookedatmeandsaid,‘Dad,whoarethesepeople?Whydon’ttheyhaveaplacetostay?’”JohnHansenrecalled.“AfterIexplainedthattheyhadrunintohardtimesandwerehomeless,Iknewthatwewerelookingataneducationalopportunity.Mysonwantedtohelpthem.”ThefatherandsonconvincedalocalJambaJuicestoretodonatemorethan100smoothies(果汁)andthepairgavethemouttohomelesspeopleinapark.Afterthat,theycameupwithanevenbetteridea.“Iwantedawaytogettoknowpeoplebetter,“Chasesaid.”So,mydadandIdecidedtostarttakingsomeofthehomelesspeoplewe’dmetouttolunch.“Alotofpeoplewalkrightpasthomelesspeopleanddon’tseetheperson,”hesaid.“Iknownowthatthey’repeoplejustlikeus.Theywanttomakeaconnectionandnotfeelsoaloneintheworld.”Hundredsofluncheslater,theyrunaself-fundedcharitycalledProjectEmpathy(同情)tohelpinspireotherstomeetandtocreaterelationshipswiththehomelesspeopleintheirneighborhoods.Theorganizationprovidesalistofresourcesthatcanhelphomelesspeoplewithfood,housingandemployment.Johnsaidthatwhatstart