高三上学期英语阅读理解专项练习小卷4

中学英语阅读理解专练小卷（四）Arelationshipbetweentheamountofadultspeechchildrenareexposedtoandtheconcentrationofmyelin,asubstanceinthebrain,hasbeenfound,researcherssay.“Ithinkthetake-homemessageis,absolutelytalkingtoyourkids.It’sliterallyshapingthestructureofthebrain,”saystheleadauthor,Prof.JohnP.SpenceroftheUniversityofEastAnglia.Theteamfind,forthe30-month-olds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguage-relatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6-month-olds,itgoestheoppositeway.Whilethelatter(后者)isunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain’sstageofdevelopment.“Whenbabiesaresixmonthsold,theyexperiencemassivegrowthofnewnervecells,”hesays.“Sotheinputcomesinandmayhelpextendtheperiodofbraingrowth.”“Whileat30months,thebrainstartstocutbacksomeofthecellgrowth,andformspecificconnections.That’swheremyelincomesin.Sonowtheinputstartstohelpstructurethemyelin,”headds.Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage.Thenextstepforthemistofigureoutwhetherthe6-month-oldbabiesshowingthatnegativeconnectionwillsurelyturninto30-month-oldkidswhoshowpositiverelationship.Dr.SaloniKrishnan,Readerincognitiveneuroscience(认知神经科学)atRoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,whoisnotinvolvedinthework,however,notesindividualdifferencesinlanguageabilityarelinkedtogenetics.“Childrenwhoareexposedtomorelanguageathomeandhavehighermyelinationwillalsohaveinheritedgenes(经遗传获得的基因)fromparentswhoaremoreexcellentinlanguages,”shesaid.“Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotentialgeneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinputchildrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheirchildren.”47．Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedwords“take-homemessage”inparagraph2?A．Process. B．Reason. C．Point. D．Consequence.48．Whatsurprisestheteam?A．Thefindingforthe30-month-olds. B．Thefindingforthe6-month-olds.C．Howtheinputhelpnervecellsgrow. D．Howtheinputhelpstructurethemyelin.49．Whatdoestheresearchersthinkofadultspeech?A．Itispositivelyrelatedtomyelin. B．Itcutsbacksomeofthecellgrowth.C．Itseffectvarieswiththesizeofbrains. D．Itishelpfulforbothgroups’languageability.50．WhatmightDr.SaloniKrishnanapproveof?A．Theteamshoulddomoreresearch. B．Inheritedgenesdecidelanguageability.C．Parentsmusttalkmoretotheirkids. D．Theconcentrationofmyelinmakesnosense.WhenIpickedupTheWoksofLife,acookbookwrittenbytheLeungfamily,Iwasveryexcited.Insidetherearemom-and-dadapprovedrecipeswithstoriesandphotos—evenatimeline—ofthefamily’shistory.“Wecallourcookbookculinarygenealogy(烹饪家谱).Wewantedthebooktobeourfamily’sstoriestoldthroughfood,ratherthanjustcharacteristicrecipes,”saidSarahLeung,whoco-wrotethebookduringthepandemic(流行病)withherparentsandyoungersister.“Wegrewupinafood-obsessed(着迷的)family.Honestly,I’vedevelopedaquarteroftheserecipesmyself,”Sarahadded.“Overtime,we’llaccomplishourgoal:AllfamilymembersarecompetentChinesecooks.”ThecookbookfeaturesdisheswhichmightbemadeinaChineseAmericanhomeaswellasinChineseAmericantakeoutrestaurants.“Home-stylecookingandrestaurant-stylecookinghaveequalimportance,buttheyaredifferent,”Sarahsaid,addingthatthefamilyalsodiscussedhowtoberespectfulofeachpoint.“IhopetherecipeswillappealtoChineseAmericans,likemyfamily,andalsothoselessfamiliarwithChinesecooking.”Partoftheircookbookhasalsobeenpostedontheirwebsite,attractingmillionsoffaithfulfollowers.Thesuccessofthecookbookisthatithonorstraditionaswellasreflectsmoderninterpretations,makingitamixtureoftheoldandthenew.ItalsooffersbuildingblocksforhomecookswhowanttolearntocookChinesefood.IstartedmyexplorationwiththeKungPaoChicken,apopulardishandalsomyfavorite.Joyfully,thedishImadetastedlikeitwassupposedtobe.Itreallybuiltupmyconfidence.Surely,asyoucanimagine,IhavealsosetupmygoaltobeexpertinChinesecooking.ThecookbookispromotingChinesecookingtobecomethedomainofhomecooksintheUnitedStates.Fortoolong,Chinesecookinghasbeenacuisinethatmanypeopleareusedtoonlyeatingout.51．Whyisthecookbookcalledculinarygenealogy?A．Itrunsinthefamily. B．Itiswrittenbyfamilymembers.C．Itincludesthestoryofafamily. D．Itcontainsmom-and-dadapprovedrecipes.52．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheLeungfamily?A．Easygoingandhelpful. B．Faithfulandenergetic.C．Devotedandconsiderate. D．Fortunateandthankful.53．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofTheWoksofLife?A．ItisatypicalChinesecookbook. B．Itssuccessliesinhonoringtradition.C．Itoffersbuildingblocksforallcooks. D．Ithelpsimprovetheauthor’scookingskills.54．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．MostAmericansareusedtoeatingout.B．Thecookbookhasbecomeabestseller.C．AmericanhomecookspreferChinesecooking.D．ThecookbookbenefitsthespreadofChinesecooking.Listen-and-RepeatSingingMethodBenefitsForeignLanguageLearningHaveyoueverfoundyourselfinthissituation:Youhearasongyouusedtosingwhenyouwereachild—abitofnostalgia(怀旧)or“blastfromthepast”,aswesay.Butitisnotadistantchildhoodmemory.Thewordscomebacktoyouasclearlyaswhenyousangthemallthoseyearsago.ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaytorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.Hereiswhattheydid.Researcherstook60adultsandrandomlydividedthemintothreegroupsof20.Thentheygavethegroupsthreedifferenttypesof“listen-and-repeat”learningconditions.Researchershadonegroupsimplyspeakthewords.Theyhadthesecondgroupspeakthewordstoarhythm,orbeat.Andtheyaskedthethirdgrouptosingthewords.AllthreegroupsstudiedwordsfromtheHungarianlanguagefor15minutes.Thentheytookpartinaseriesoflanguageteststoseewhattheyremembered.WhyHungarian,youmayask?ResearcherssaidtheychoseHungarianbecausenotmanypeopleknowthelanguage.ItdoesnotshareanyrootswithGermanicorRomancelanguages,suchasItalianorSpanish.Afterthetestswereover,thesingerscameoutontop.ThepeoplewholearnedthesenewHungarianwordsbysingingthemshowedahigheroverallperformance.Theydidthebestinfouroutoffiveofthetests.Theyalsoperformedtwotimesbetterthanthosewhosimplylearnedthewordsbyspeakingthem.Dr.KatieOverysayssingingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhentheyarecontainedinacatchyormemorabletune.Dr.Ludkesaidthefindingscouldhelpthosewhostruggletolearnforeignlanguages.OntheUniversityofEdinburgh’swebsiteDr.Ludkewrites,“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.”55．Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthefollowingistrue?A．Thefindingscanhelpallforeignlanguagelearnerslearnbetter.B．Thegroupsingingthewordscangenerallyrememberthewordsbest.C．The60adultsweredividedintothreegroupsaccordingtotheirages.D．Researchersstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberinglanguages.56．WhywasHungarianusedintheexperiment?A．BecauseHungarianiseasytolearn.B．BecauseresearchersarefluentinHungarian.C．BecauseHungarianisunknowntomanypeople.D．BecauseHungarianisrootedinGermaniclanguage.57．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．HungarianisverypopularintheUK.B．Foreignlanguageteacherscanusemusictohelpwiththeirteaching.C．Peoplewithoutmusictalentcanneverlearnforeignlanguageswell.D．Thelisten-and-repeatsingingmethodisthebestwaytolearnalanguage.58．What’sthepurposeoftheauthor’swritingthepassage?A．Tocomparedifferentlanguagelearningmethods.B．Tointroduceanexperimentalresult.C．Tocallonpeopletodofutureresearch.D．Tohelpthosewhostruggletolearnforeignlanguages.I’mSavannahandIrememberbeginningtogrowupthatwinternightwhenmyparentsandIwerereturningfrommyaunt’shouse,andmymothersaidthatwemightsoonbeleavingforAmerica.Wewereonthebusthen.Iwascrying,andsomepeopleonthebuswereturningaroundtolookatme.IrememberthatIcouldnotbearthethoughtofneverhearingagaintheradioprogramforschoolchildrentowhichIlistenedeverymorning.Infact,IthinkIcriedverylittlewhenIwassayinggoodbyetomyfriendsandrelatives.Whenwewereleaving,IthoughtaboutalltheplacesIwasgoingtosee—thestrangeandmagicalplacesIhadknownonlyfrombooksandpictures.ThecountryIwasleavingandnevertocomebacktowashardlyinmyheadthen.Thefouryearsthatfollowedtaughtmetheimportanceofbeingpositivebuttheideadidnotcometomeatonce.ForthefirsttwoyearsinNewYorkIwasreallylost—havingtostudyinthreeschoolsasaresultoffamilymoves.IdidnotquiteknowwhatIwasorwhatIshouldbe.Motherremarriedandthingsbecameevenmorecomplexforme.SometimepassedbeforemystepfatherandIgotusedtoeachother.Iwasoftensad,andsawnoendto“thehardtimes.”MyresponsibilitiesinthefamilyincreasedalotsinceIknewEnglishbetterthaneveryoneelseathome.Iwroteletters,filledoutforms,translatedatinterviewswithimmigration(移民)officers,tookmygrandparentstothedoctorandtranslatedthere,andevendiscussedtelephonebillswithcompanyrepresentatives.Frommyexperiences,Ihavelearnedoneimportantrule:Almostallcommontroublesgoawayatlast!Somethinggoodiscertaintohappenintheendwhenyoudonotgiveup,andjustwaitalittle!Ibelievethatmylifewillturnoutallright,eventhoughitwillnotbethateasy.59．WhatdidSavannahmissmostabouthomewhenleavingforAmerica?A．Herdearfriendsandrelatives. B．Theradioprogrammeforpupils.C．Thecountryshewasleaving. D．Theplacesshewasfamiliarwith.60．WhatwasSavannah’sattitudetoherlifechangesinNewYork?A．Optimistic. B．Indifferent. C．Pessimistic. D．Desperate.61．WhywasSavannahincreasinglyresponsibleinherfamily?A．Forherfamilymovedmorefrequently. B．Forhermotherendedupindivorce.C．ForherEnglishwasbetterthanothers. D．Forshedisagreedwithherstepfather.62．WhatdoesSavannahthinkaboutherfuturelife?A．Herfuturewillbeloadedwithmoretroubles. B．Itwillbedifficulttolearntobecomemature.C．Therewillbemoregooddaysthanexpected. D．Goodthingswillhappenifshekeepstrying.Ontheeveofthisweek’srailstrikes,itwasreportedthattheindustrybossesareplanningtoweedoutpapertrainticketsandclosealmost1,000stationticketofficesinEngland.Thetransportsecretary,GrantShapps,hasmadenosecretofhisdesiretoseecostssavedinthisway.Somestationssellonlyahandfulofticketseachweekandthevastmajorityoftransactions(交易)havemovedonline.Inthenameofcost-cutting,stationticketofficesarelikelytofollowthetelephoneboothonthecornerandbecomememory.Forthosewhohavegrownusedtothebenefitsoforganizingtravelviasmartphones,therewillbelittletofeelsorryfor.Butforpeoplewithoutonlineaccessorskills,whotendtobeolder,poorer,andmorefragile,anothersocialbarrierwillhavebeenbuilt.Frommedicalappointmentstopaymentappsforparking,moreandmorekeyservicesarenowdelivereddigitally.Asthisrevolutiontakesplace,theinterestsofasignificantminorityarebeingignoredtosomeextent.Inthecaseofhealthandsocialcare,forexample,itwilloftenbethosemostinneedofassistancewhoareleastabletoemployelectronicdevices.Thedebateoverticketofficesoffersanopportunitytoreflectmorebroadlyontheincreasingroleoftechnologyinoursociallandscape.Theunavoidabletrendtowardstechnologyispredictable,butitspossibleconsequencesneedtobemanagedwithmorecare.Withtheexpandingrangeandincreasingcomplexityofdigitalrequirements,theagedaregraduallywithdrawingfromincreasingsocialservicesintheirlives.RosAltmann,theformerpensionsminister,recentlywroteofbeingcontactedbyanelderlywomanwhonolongerdrivestoherlocalpark,becauseshecannotdownloadthecarparkingapprequired.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedinhelpinggaineasyonlineaccess.Alternativeofflineoptionsmustbemaintainedforimportantservices.Contactabletelephonenumbersofrelevantstaffshouldalwaysbeavailable.Thesewillcostmore.Butthatisthepriceofdigitaltransformation.63．Whatdoestheunderlined“weedout”meaninthefirstparagraph?A．Passonto. B．Giveinto. C．Getridof. D．Putupwith.64．Whowillbekeptoutofservicebytheplantosellticketsonline?A．Theaged. B．Theyoung. C．Therich. D．Thestrong.65．Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedigitaltransformation?A．Itwillmeetthedemandofconsumers. B．Itwillcostmuchlessthanplanned.C．Itwillneedtobeupdatedconstantly. D．Itwillresultinnewsocialproblems.66．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Theaccessibilityofimportantofflineservices. B．Theattitudesoftheelderlytowardstechnology.C．Thebarrierscausedbydigitaltransformation. D．Theprosandconsofmarketingticketsonline.答案：47．C48．B49．D50．A【来源】2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了一个研究团队的发现（多跟孩子交流有助于孩子的大脑发育，尤其是语言方面）和其他专家就该研究发现发表的言论。47．词义猜测题。根据划线词“is,absolutelytalkingtoyourkids.It’sliterallyshapingthestructureofthebrain”可知，Prof.JohnP.Spencer认为重点是跟孩子交流；这确实能够影响孩子大脑结构的发育，故划线词意思是“重点”。故选C项。48．细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteamfind,forthe30-month-olds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguage-relatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6-month-olds,itgoestheoppositeway.(研究小组发现，对于30个月大的婴儿来说，更多的成人语言与大脑中语言相关通路中更多的髓磷脂有关;然而，对于6个月大的婴儿来说，情况正好相反)”以及第四段“Whilethelatter(后者)isunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain’sstageofdevelopment.(虽然后者出乎意料，但斯宾塞指出了一个可能的因素:大脑的发育阶段)”可知，使这个研究团队吃惊的是第三段中提到的对六个月大的婴儿的研究发现，故选B项。49．细节理解题。根据第六段第一句“Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage”可知，研究人员得出结论：父母的言语对六个月大和三十个月大的孩子都很重要；并且孩子所接收的父母的言语越多，孩子们日后对语言就会越敏感，故选D项。50．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotentialgeneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinputchildrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheirchildren.”(“在测试这种潜在的遗传效应之前，无法得出最终结论。然而，目前还没有关于孩子应该接受多少信息的标准，照顾者不必感到压力，要和孩子多说话。”)”可知，Dr.SaloniKrishnan认为在潜在的基因方面的影响被测定之前，不能断言“父母多跟孩子交流会提高孩子的语言能力”，即这个研究团队需要做进一步的研究，故选A项。51．C52．C53．D54．D【来源】2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试英语试题【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，体现了“人与自我”的主题语境，主要介绍了一本食谱的特色、创作过程中的考量和所取得的成就，表达了该食谱创作者（一个美籍华人家庭）和一些美国人对中餐的热爱。51．细节理解题。根据第二段前两句““Wecallourcookbookculinarygenealogy(烹饪家谱).Wewantedthebooktobeourfamily’sstoriestoldthroughfood,ratherthanjustcharacteristicrecipes,”saidSarahLeung,whoco-wrotethebookduringthepandemic(流行病)withherparentsandyoungersister.(“我们称我们的烹饪书为烹饪家谱(烹饪谱)。我们希望这本书通过食物讲述我们的家庭故事，而不仅仅是特色食谱，”莎拉·梁说，她在疫情期间与父母和妹妹共同撰写了这本书)”可知，theLeungfamily想要在这本食谱中通过食物讲述家庭故事，因此把这本食谱叫作烹饪家谱，故选C项。52．推理判断题。根据第二段中““Wegrewupinafood-obsessed(着迷的)family.Honestly,I’vedevelopedaquarteroftheserecipesmyself,”Sarahadded.“Overtime,we’llaccomplishourgoal:AllfamilymembersarecompetentChinesecooks.”(“我们生长在一个痴迷美食的家庭。老实说，这些食谱中有四分之一是我自己开发的，”莎拉补充道。“随着时间的推移，我们将实现我们的目标:所有家庭成员都是能干的中国厨师。”)”可知，theLeungfamily对食物很着迷，并正为实现全员成为中餐大师的目标付出努力，说明他们“devoted”；以及第三段中““Home-stylecookingandrestaurant-stylecookinghaveequalimportance,buttheyaredifferent,”Sarahsaid,addingthatthefamilyalsodiscussedhowtoberespectfulofeachpoint.(萨拉说：“家常菜和餐馆菜同样重要，但它们是不同的。”她补充说，这家人还讨论了如何尊重每一点)”可知，theLeungfamily想在食谱中体现对中餐方方面面的尊重，说明他们“considerate”，故选C项。53．推理判断题。根据第五段中“IstartedmyexplorationwiththeKungPaoChicken,apopulardishandalsomyfavorite.Joyfully,thedishImadetastedlikeitwassupposedtobe.Itreallybuiltupmyconfidence.(我从宫保鸡丁开始了我的探索，这是一道很受欢迎的菜，也是我的最爱。令人高兴的是，我做的菜尝起来像它应该有的味道。它真的建立了我的信心)”可知，作者按照这本食谱首先尝试了制作宫保鸡丁，结果做出来的宫保鸡丁和作者之前吃过的味道很像。这增强了作者的信心，故选D项。54．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThecookbookispromotingChinesecookingtobecomethedomainofhomecooksintheUnitedStates.Fortoolong,Chinesecookinghasbeenacuisinethatmanypeopleareusedtoonlyeatingout.(这本食谱正在推动中国烹饪成为美国家庭烹饪的领域。长期以来，中国烹饪一直是一种许多人只习惯在外面吃饭的烹饪方式)”可知，这本食谱正推动着中餐成为美国家庭厨师烹饪的一部分；在此之前的很长时间，许多想要享用中餐的美国人只能前往外面的餐馆，故选D项。55．B56．C57．B58．B【来源】2024届四川省石室中学新高三适应性模拟检测英语试题【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究发现，记住歌曲中的单词是学习外语的好方法。55．细节理解题。根据第五段“ThepeoplewholearnedthesenewHungarianwordsbysingingthemshowedahigheroverallperformance.Theydidthebestinfouroutoffiveofthetests.(通过唱歌学习这些匈牙利新词的人表现出了更高的整体表现。他们在五次测试中有四次表现最好)”可知，唱单词的那一组人通常能把单词记住得最好，故选B项。56．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“WhyHungarian,youmayask?ResearcherssaidtheychoseHungarianbecausenotmanypeopleknowthelanguage.(你可能会问，为什么是匈牙利语？研究人员表示，他们之所以选择匈牙利语，是因为知道这种语言的人不多)”可知，实验选择匈牙利语的原因是很多人都不懂这门语言，故选C项。57．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.(这项研究提供了第一个实验证据，证明听复唱方法可以支持外语学习，并为该领域的未来研究打开了大门)”可推理出，外语教师可以用音乐来帮助教学，故选B项。58．推理判断题。根据第二段“ResearchersattheUniversityofEdinburghstudiedtherelationshipbetweenmusicandrememberingaforeignlanguage.Theyfoundthatrememberingwordsinasongwasthebestwaytorememberevenoneofthemostdifficultlanguages.(爱丁堡大学的研究人员研究了音乐和记忆外语之间的关系。他们发现，即使是最难记住的语言之一，记住歌曲中的单词也是最好的方法)”、倒数第二段“Dr.KatieOverysayssingingcouldleadtonewwaystolearnaforeignlanguage.Thebrainlikestorememberthingswhentheyarecontainedinacatchyormemorabletune.(凯蒂·奥弗里博士说，唱歌可以带来学习外语的新方法。当事物包含在朗朗上口或令人难忘的曲调中时，大脑喜欢记住它们)”以及最后一段“Thisstudyprovidesthefirstexperimentalevidencethatalisten-and-repeatsingingmethodcansupportforeignlanguagelearning,andopensthedoorforfutureresearchinthisarea.(这项研究提供了第一个实验证据，证明听复唱方法可以支持外语学习，并为该领域的未来研究打开了大门)”可知本文的主要目的是介绍一项实验结果，故选B项。59．B60．A61．C62．D【来源】2024届山西省大同市高三6月学情调研英语测试【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自己刚刚搬到美国的经历，作者以自己的经历告诉我们，所有的麻烦最终都会消失，我们只要不放弃，最终好事一定会发生。59．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Wewereonthebusthen.Iwascrying,andsomepeopleonthebuswereturningaroundtolookatme.IrememberthatIcouldnotbearthethoughtofneverhearingagaintheradioprogramforschoolchildrentowhichIlistenedeverymorning.(那时我们在公共汽车上。我哭了，公共汽车上的一些人转过身来看着我。我记得，一想到再也听不到我每天早上收听的学校儿童广播节目，我就无法忍受。)”可知，当作者得知要去美国的时候，想念的是每天早上收听的学校儿童广播节目。故选B。60．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Thefouryearsthatfollowedtaughtmetheimportanceofbeingpositivebuttheideadidnotcometomeatonce.(接下来的四年教会了我积极的重要性，但这个想法并没有立即出现在我脑海中。)”以及最后一段“Frommyexperiences,Ihavelearnedoneimportantrule:Almostallcommontroublesgoawayatlast!Somethinggoodiscertaintohappenintheendwhenyoudonotgiveup,andjustwaitalittle!Ibelievethatmylifewillturnoutallright,eventhough