高考英语一轮复习知识点梳理课件03 十大词类之高频考点

高考英语语法英语老师Kathy十大词类与构词法02动词及动词时态04非谓语动词08名词性从句09情态动词、虚拟语气11倒装句和强调句12高考语法体系01句子成分和五种基本句型03被动语态06定语从句07状语从句10主谓一致05十大词类的句法功能十大词类之高考高频考点构词法年份名/代词谓语动词非谓语动词形容词/副词介词连词冠词2020全国卷I12221112019全国卷I31220202018全国卷I22221212017全国卷I3121111历年高考真题分析谓语

时态,语态,主谓一致非谓语todo,doing,done动词变名词、形容词动词名词单复数，词性转换形容词/副词比较级、最高级、原级词性转换连词and,but,that…代词they,him,our,themselves…介词in,on,to,for…冠词a/an,thebynow/uptonow/sofar/recently/inthepast/lastfewdays

高考高频考点：动词的_______、______和______的变化。时态语态数havereportedare2.1动词高考高频考点：名词的________和__________。单/复数词性转换belief2.2名词Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular___64___(interesting)toscientists.全国卷I

interest2.2名词一般在名词词尾加-sgirl—girls女孩book—books书籍在以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词词尾加-esbrush—brushes刷子bench—benches长凳以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,改y为i,再加-escity—cities城市lady—ladies女士以-f、-fe结尾的词,将f或fe改为v,再加-esthief—thieves小偷wife—wives妻子部分以-f结尾的词直接加-sgulf—gulfscliff—cliffsroof—roofsproff—proofs以“元音字母+o”结尾的词,一般加-sradio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词,一般加-eshero—heroes英雄potato—potatoes土豆以-th结尾的名词,加-sbath—baths洗澡month—months月份fish有两种复数形式,当表示鱼的条数时,通常单复数同形,当表示不同种类的鱼时,其复数形式为fishes。单复数同形cattle—cattle;Chinese—Chinese；Swiss—Swiss;deer—deer;means—means;sheep—sheep;spacecraft—spacecraft;aircraft—aircraft;series—series;species—species特殊变化的复数形式analysis—analyses;basis—bases;child—children;criterion—criteria;foot—feet;goose—geese;man—men;mouse—mice;ox—oxen;phenomenon—phenomena;policeman—policemen

tooth—teeth;woman—women有些名词有两种复数形式penny—pennies/pence;fish—fish/fishes2.2名词高考高频考点：比较级、最高级、词性转换、反义词。extremely2.3形容词、副词

Theyalsosharedwithusmany___67___(tradition)storiesaboutHawaiithatwere___68___(huge)popularwithtourists.traditionalhugely形容词+-ly构成副词的规则例词一般情况加-lyquick—quicklybrave—bravelyimmediate—immediately辅音字母+y结尾将y改为i再加-lyeasy—easily,happy—happilyheavy—heavilyle结尾去e加-ysimple—simplygentle—gently元音字母+e结尾去e加-lytrue—trulyll结尾只加-yfull—fully,dull—dullyic结尾加-allybasic—basicallyscientific—scientifically2.3形容词、副词higher比较级、最高级构成规则原级比较级最高级一般加-er和-eststrongstrongerstrongest以字母e结尾只加-r,-stlatelaterlatest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这一辅音字母后再加-er,-esthotthinhotterthinnerhottestthinnest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,将y

变为i,再加-er,-estangryuglyangrieruglierangriestugliest其他双音节词和多音节词,在形容词前加more或mostenthusiasticmoreenthusiasticmostenthusiastic2.3形容词、副词原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstfarfarther(指距离);further(指距离和抽象概念）farthest(指距离);furthest(指距离和抽象概念)oldolder(指年龄、新旧);elder(年纪较长的)oldest(指年龄、新旧);eldest(最年长的)muchmoremostlittlelessleast高考高频考点：并列连词或从属连词。1.当空格前后是同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子时，空格处一般填并列连词,如but,and,or…2.引导名词性从句、状语从句的从属连词也是高频考点。thatbut2.4连词高考高频考点：介词搭配及常见介词的习惯用法。比如，with是“有、用”的意思。of2.5介词thanIthasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso___65___thefamiliarnearside.全国卷Ⅰof

在这里是“（关于）…的”的意思。astoryofadventure(关于）….的

thehouseofmysister(属于）…的beproudof

(由于；因为）thediscoveryofAmerica

(动宾关系）thecityofNewYork(表同位）newsofimportance(表示具有某种性质、状况等）

on,from,near,at,after…onto,within,upon,without…including,considering,regarding…infrontof,apartfrom,becauseof…分词介词简单介词合成介词短语介词at,before,on,during,after…around,on,above,under,in,below,over…for,from,with,becauseof…by,in,with原因介词时间介词地点介词方式介词其他介词about,except,with,of,but…

192.5介词atthismoment在此刻asaresult结果bytheway顺便提一下forexample例如inahurry 匆忙；急忙introuble处于困境中inneed在危难中inorder井然有序

onduty 值日；值班ontime 准时；按时onsale 在出售onshow 展览

2.5介词beafraidof害怕beangrywith 对（某人）生气bebornwith天生具有bebusywith 忙于……bedifferentfrom与…不同beexcitedabout对……感到兴奋beinterestedin对…感兴趣belatefor 因…迟到bemadefrom由……制成bepopularwith受……欢迎beproudof因…感到骄傲beresponsiblefor 对……负责besatisfiedwith 对……感到满意

2.5介词askfor要求arriveat/in 到达agreewith同意arguewith 与…争辩

carefor照顾;关心catchupwith赶上dealwith处理;应付dependon 信赖;依靠dropby/in 顺便拜访fallinlovewith爱上handin上交hearof/about 听说payattentionto 关注pointat/to 指向；朝向

2.5介词forfearof害怕inneedof需要inchargeof负责inplaceof代替on

account

of因为accordingto根据asfor 至于；关于becauseof因为inorderto 为了insteadof代替；而不是

the2.6冠词高考高频考点：a与an的用法区别；不定冠词与定冠词的区别以及含有冠词的常用短语名词前若没有形容词性物主代词或some/any等限定词，就很可能填冠词。

auniversityaEuropeananumbrellaanhour2.6冠词[ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəti][ˌjʊərəˈpiːən][ʌmˈbrelə][ˈaʊər]a用于辅音因素开头的单词前,

an用于元音因素开头的单词前。

2.6冠词

Achildneedslove.=Anychildneedslove.Thegirlinwhiteismydaughter.

不定冠词a，an用来表示“一”的意思，但它们并不强调数目，只表示不特定的人或事物。定冠词the特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，也可用于专有名词前、独一无二的事物前、序数词和形容词最高级前等。不定冠词定冠词192.6冠词abitofalittleapieceofalotofasaresultinawordhaveagiftforinahurryonceinawhileagreatnumberofallthetimeonthecontrarybythewayinthehabitofinthedistanceattheageofmakethemostofalltheyearroundatthesametimeinasense

Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.全国卷Ⅰit高考高频考点：人称代词主格、宾格；形容词/名词性物主代词；反身代词；

特殊句式。2.7代词Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.全国卷Ⅰits代词人称代词主格I,you,she,he,it,we,you,they宾格me,you,her,him,it,us,you,them物主代词形容词性物主代词my,your,her,his,its,our,your,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,hers,his,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词第一人称反身代词myself,ourselves第二人称反身代词yourself,yourselves第三人称反身代词himself,herself,itself,themselves不定代词普通不定代词both,all,any,either,none,one,another,theother…复合不定代词someone,something,noone,nobody,nothing,everything…指示代词this,that,these,those疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which关系代词who;whose;whom;that;which相互代词eachother,oneanother人称数代词种类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyouhesheitthey人称代词宾格meusyouyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourhisheritstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshishers

theirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfherselfitselfthemselves(1)

it用作人称代词,指代前文提到过的事物Mypenismissing.Ican'tfinditanywhere.

2.7代词(2)it可以指不知性别的孩子或不明身份的人(3)it用来代替指示代词this,that(4)it表示时间、天气、距离等。Whoisthatspeaking?—It'sJennyspeaking.What'sthis?—It'saflag.It'stimeforlunch.2.7代词(5)it可充当形式主语或形式宾语。真正的主语或宾语通常是不定式、动名词或从句，置于句末。Itisdifficultforaboytofinishitinanhour.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpothers.(6)it引导强调句，结构为Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who...”ItwasLiPingthatIsawinthestreetthismorning.(7)it用于固定句式

①

It+be+adj.+ofsb.todosth.

某人做某事是……的。形容词为clever,kind,nice等描述人物性格特征的词。

It’sverykindofyoutohelptheoldman.

②It+be+adj+forsb.todosth.

对某人来说做某事是……的。形容词为easy,important,necessary等描述事件的词。It’simportantforustostudyhard.

2.7代词③It’snogood/usedoing...It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.④It’sworthwhiledoing...⑤Itis/wasthefirst/secondtimethatsbhave(has)/haddonesth.

ItisthefirsttimethatI'vecomehere.⑥Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+sincesthhappened.Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.

⑦Itwillbe/was+一段时间+beforesb.do(es)/didsth.Itwon’tbelongbeforesb.do(es)sth.Itwillbelongbeforewefinishthework.Itwon'tbelongbeforeyouregretwhatyou'vedone.2.7代词⑧Itseems/looksasif/though...Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.⑨Itis/was+notuntil+...+that+主语+谓语.Itwasnotuntillastnightthathemadeuphismind.=Notuntillastnightdidhemakeuphismind.=Hedidn’tmakeuphisminduntillastnight.⑩Ittakes/tooksb+时间段+todosthIttookmeonehourtodrivemehere.3.Itwasgreatfunwalkingalongthestreets,...

it用作形式主语时，真正的主语有三种形式:不定式短语、动名词短语、主语从句。Itoccurstosb.that..某人突然想到....Itisreportedthat...据报道....Itissaidthat...据说.....Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知It'ssuggestedthat...有人建议...It'sbelievedthat...据信...Ithit(s)me(that)...我突然想到......Itislikely/possible/probablethat...很有可能......

Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.做某事对某人来说时可能的Itisnouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事是没有用的。Itisawasteoftimedoingsth.做某事是浪费时间。Itisnofundoingsth.做某事没有乐趣。1.It'snogood_____________(complain)—theyneverlisten.抱怨毫无用处—他们根本不听。2.(浙江卷)Itwasverynicet