北京高一英语下期末复习-阅读理解专题训练卷含答案解析

北京高一英语下期末复习-阅读理解专题训练卷含答案解析第一节阅读选择(共12小题;每小题2分，共24分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AItwasMay23,2016.Arnot,the32-year-oldmountainguide,reachedthetopofEverestwithouttheuseofoxygen(O2)equipment.Itwasachievedaftersevenyears,threepreviousattempts,andfourteenstraighthoursofclimbing.After15minutesatthetop,Arnotbeganherdescent(下坡).Eighthourslater,shereachedthecampat7,600metersandbecamethefirstAmericanwoman-andonlytheseventhwomanever—tosuccessfullyreachMountEverestwithoutoxygenequipment."Therearesomanyreasonsforherimpressiveachievement,especiallythephysicalandemotionaleffortsthatshesputforthovertheyearstomakethishappen,"saystheprofessionalclimberandphotographerRichards,"Thementalcouragethatitrequiresissomethingveryfewpeoplehave."Arnotdidn'tstartclimbinguntilshewas19yearsold.Moneywastightinherfamily,andclimbingmountainsneveroccurredinhermind.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Arnotwasinvitedbyherfriendtoclimbamountain."Ittotallychangedmylife,saysArnot.Ialwaysknowthatifyouwantsomething,youcanachieveit,butknowingwhatyouwantisawholedifferentthing,"shesays."Iamathleticbutnotcompetitive.Aftermyfirstclimbing,IknewimmediatelythatmountainsarewhatIwant—asthatiswhereIfelthomeforthefirsttimeinmylife."Afterthatfirstclimb,shedevotedherselftolearninghowtoclimbandmovethroughmountain.ItwasduringhersecondtriptoEverestin2009thatshefirstsethersightsonano-oxygenattempt.However,whilehikingintoEverestBaseCampthatyear,shehurtherlegandwasn'tabletoclimbwithoutoxygen.In2013shenearlymadeittothetop,butwasforcedtotakeoxygenat8,504meterswhilehelpinganotherclimber.WhenArnotfinallystoodatopEverest,shecalledherbestfriend,"IreachedthetopandI'mnotusinganyoxygen."Then,tearsbegantostreamdownfromhereyes.SomuchofArnot'slifehasbeenaboutpushingthelimitsofherabilities,andinthiscase,she'salsopushedupagainsttheouterlimitsofthehumanspirit.31.OnMay23,2016.Arnot________.A.spent8straighthoursclimbingB.stayedatthetopfor50minutesC.madeherfirstattempttoclimbEverestD.reachedthetopwithoutoxygenequipment32.Arnotfellinlovewithclimbingbecause_________.A.moneywasnolongeraproblemtoherB.mountainsgaveherthefeelingofcomfortC.shetriedtobemoreathleticandcompetitiveD.shewantedtobuildupherbodythroughclimbing33.WhatdoweknowaboutArnotsclimbingexperience?A.Shetookupclimbingwhenshewas19yearsold.B.Shehasalwaysbeenagoodclimbersinceherchildhood.C.SheclimbedEverestwithherfamilyduringherfirsttrip.D.Shehurtherlegbadlywhilehelpinganotherclimberin2009.34.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeArnot?A.Determinedandbrave.B.Cautiousandhonest.C.Caringandopen-minded.D.Confidentandcreative.【答案】31.D32.B33.A34.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。19岁才开始登山运动的阿诺特在第一次登山后就爱上了这项运动，只因为山给了她一种安慰感。第一次爬山之后，她全身心地投入到学习如何爬山和穿越高山。经过数次的困难和挑战之后，终于在2016年5月23日，32岁的阿诺特在没有使用氧气设备的情况下登上了珠穆朗玛峰。【31题详解】细节理解题。第一段第一句ItwasMay23,2016.Arnot,the32-year-oldmountainguide,reachedthetopofEverestwithouttheuseofoxygen(O2)equipment.可知2016年5月23日，32岁的阿诺特在没有使用氧气设备的情况下登上了珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。第四段最后一句Aftermyfirstclimbing,IknewimmediatelythatmountainsarewhatIwant—asthatiswhereIfelthomeforthefirsttimeinmylife.可知阿诺特爱上登山是因为登山让她第一次有家的感觉，即山给了她家一样的舒适和安慰感，故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。第四段第一句Arnotdidn'tstartclimbinguntilshewas19yearsold.可知阿诺特直到19岁才开始登山。故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。倒数第二段第一句Afterthatfirstclimb,shedevotedherselftolearninghowtoclimbandmovethroughmountain.与倒数第二句However,whilehikingintoEverestBaseCampthatyear,shehurtherlegandwasn'tabletoclimbwithoutoxygen.可知阿诺特第一次爬山之后，她全身心地投入到学习如何爬山和穿越高山，虽然腿受了伤无法进行无氧登山，但是还是没有放弃登山，说明了阿诺特非常有决心;最后一段最后一句SomuchofArnot'slifehasbeenaboutpushingthelimitsofherabilities可知阿诺特一生的大部分时间都在挑战自己的能力极限，说明了阿诺特非常勇敢。综上，故选A。BIfyou'reacyclinglover,youwillhavetopayalotofattentiontoyourbicycleandmaintainitwell,forbicyclepartsareexposedtowearandtear(磨损)overtimeandyouhavetoexaminethebicycletoseeifthereareanysignsofwearingsuchasscratches,dents(凹陷)etc.Sometimes,apartmaynotworkbecauseithasexceededitslifeexpectancy.Sometimes,youwillneedtofindreplacementpartsforittokeepuptheperformanceofthebicycle.Differentpartsofabicyclewillwearatdifferentratessoitisveryimportantthatyouhaveabasicunderstandingabouttheroleplayedbyeachpart.Oneofthemostimportantpartsofthebicycleistheframe,Youwillneedtochooseaframethatlastsforaverylongtime.Ofcourse,youwillseesomepaintscratchesaftersometime.Whenyou'reselectingaframe,youhavetothinkaboutthematerial.Aluminium(铝)frameswillnotrusteasily,buttheyhaveahigherchancetodent.Steelframeswillbehardtodent,butyouwillneedtomakesuretheygetagoodpaintjobsothattheywon'trust.Wheelsalsoexperiencealotofwearandtearandyoushouldgoforaprofessionalsellerwhenyouwanttobuywheels.Therearedifferenttypesofwheelsthatyoucanbuy,likeZippwheelsthatprovidemoreaerodynamicefficiency(空气动力学效能).Investinginnewtyresinsteadofgoingforusedisagoodideabecauseyouwillbeabletogetmoreuseoutofit.Thesamegoesforchainasthere'sahigherchanceofausedchainbreaking.Youmayalsoexperienceshiftingproblems.However,somepartsofbicyclessuchaspedalscanbeusedforalongtimeandyoucanfinddifferentstyles.Otherpartsthatyoucanbuyusedareseats,handlebarsandthestem.Whenyouarebuyinghandlebars,youhavetoseeifthereareanydentsoriftheyhavebeenbentoutofshape.Thereshouldn'tbeanycracksintheseatpostorthehandlebars.Therearemanyshopswhereyoucanbuyparts,soyouwillhavetocheckthereferencestoseehowcustomersrespondtothembeforeyoubuyanything.35.Accordingtothepassage,cyclingloversshould________.A.buyanewbicycletokeepuptheperformanceB.replacethebicyclepartswithsignsofwearingC.chooseAluminumframesratherthansteelonesD.learnhoweachpartofthebicyclebasicallyworks36.Whichpartsmaybereplacedbytheusedones?A.Wheelsandchains.B.Tyresandseats.C.Handlebarsandstems.D.Framesandpedals.37.Theunderlinedword"references"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans"________".A.materialsB.pricesC.introductionsD.comments38.Thispassageismostlikelytobefoundin________.A.aresearchreportB.apopularmagazineC.atouristguidebookD.aproductadvertisement【答案】35.D36.C37.D38.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。对于自行车爱好者而言，了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的非常重要。文章针对自行车各个部分，如：车架该如何选择、对于车轮和链条的选择等等提出了详细的建议作为参考。【35题详解】细节理解题。第二段第一句Differentpartsofabicyclewillwearatdifferentratessoitisveryimportantthatyouhaveabasicunderstandingabouttheroleplayedbyeachpart.可知自行车的不同部件磨损速度不同，所以对每个部件的作用有一个基本的了解是非常重要的。即自行车爱好者应该了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的，故选D。【36题详解】细节理解题。第四段第一句Otherpartsthatyoucanbuyusedareseats,handlebarsandthestem.可知座椅、车把和车把可以用二手的替代，故选C。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据后文toseehowcustomersrespondtothembeforeyoubuyanything可知你在买任何东西之前，看看顾客的反应如何，即对这些零件的"评价"，故可推测划线部分单词意思为"评价"，故选D。【38题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容主要为给自行车爱好者说明自行车各个部分作用和注意事项，此类文章最有可能出自一份流行杂志。故选B。CThedaywillcomewhenrenewableenergysuchaswindsolar,geothermalandothersreplacefossilfuelsasthemajorsourceofworldenergy.However,mostanalystsinsistthatthisdaywillnotarriveformanydecadestocome—certainlywellpastthemiddleofthecentury.Systemsoffossilfuelshavealreadybeenfirmlysetup,anditistoocostlyorimpracticaltoreplacetheexistingsystemswithrenewables.Buttherearegoodreasonstobelievethatthetransition(转变)torenewableswillcomemuchfasterthanpreviouslythought.Itishardlysurprisingthatmanyexpertssaywewillseearelativelyslowtransitionfromfossilfuelstorenewables,givenwhatisknownaboutpreviousenergychangesofthissort."Energytransitionstakealongtime,"observedVaclavSmiloftheUniversityofManitobainScientificAmerican.Ittookmorethan50yearsforcoaltoreplacewoodastheworldsleadingsourceofenergyandanother50yearsforoiltoreplacecoal;thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnotlikelytocomeanyfaster.Underordinarycircumstances,Smil'sforecastwouldnodoubtproveaccurate.Butthesearenotordinarytimes.GrowingconcernoverclimatechangeisleadingtoincreasinglystrictcontrolsonCO2andothergreenhousegas(GHG)emissions(排放),whilethedevelopmentinrenewablestechnologyisloweringtheirpriceandspeedingtheirinstallation.Thereare,ofcourse,manydifficultiesintheeffectivecontrolofcarbonemissions,asdemonstratedbycoalcompaniestoblocktheintroductionofnewrulesbytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Nevertheless,itisimpossibletodismisstheprogressbeingmadeatthelocalandinternationallevelstopromotetheuseofrenewables.TheEuropeanUnion(E.U),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.Thetransitiontorenewableswillbefasterduetodramaticimprovementsinthepricingandperformanceofsuchsystems.Asaresultofthesteadyincreasesintheefficiencyofwindandsolarsystems,togetherwiththesavingsachievedthroughlarge-scalemanufacture,thepriceofrenewablesisfallingglobally.Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowprovingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.Thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewableenergywillnotcomeovernight,anditwillnotescapemanysetbacks.Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.39.VaclavSmilbelievesthat________.A.renewableenergiesarenotverypracticalB.thechangetorenewableswillcomeslowlyC.systemsoffossilfuelshavebeenfirmlysetupD.therearemanysetbacksofrenewableenergies40.WecanlearnfromthepassagethatEuropeanUnion________.A.hascutdownhalfofthecarbonemissionsB.hasfailedtofindawaytoreduceGHGemissionsC.istryingtheirbesttoencouragetheuseofrenewablesD.triestostoptheintroductionofnewrulesonrenewables41.Therenewablesaremorecompetitivebecauseof________.A.theirfallingpricesB.thedeclineincoalindustryC.internationaltradeD.thenewrulesonCO2emission42.Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto________.A.callonpeopletouselessfossilfuelsB.giveadviceonhowtopromoterenewablesC.arguethattheenergytransitionwillcomesoonerD.provetherenewableswillbethemajorsourceofenergy【答案】39.B40.C41.A42.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。风能、太阳能、地热能等可再生能源将取代化石燃料，成为世界能源的主要来源。然而，大多数分析人士坚持认为，这一天在未来几十年内不会到来——当然也不会超过本世纪中叶。许多专家表示，鉴于对以往此类能源变化的了解可知从化石燃料向可再生能源的转变相对缓慢。从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变不会一蹴而就，也不会避免许多挫折。然而，可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为主要的电力来源。【39题详解】细节理解题。第二段最后一句thechangefromfossilfuelstorenewables,heargued,isnotlikelytocomeanyfaster.VaclavSmil认为，从化石燃料到可再生能源的转变不太可能更快。即可再生能源的转变将是缓慢的，故选B。40题详解】细节理解题。第四段最后一句TheEuropeanUnion(E.U),forexample,iswellonthewaytoachievinga20%reductioninGHGemissionsfrom1990levelsby2020,alongwitha20%increaseintheuseofrenewableenergy.可知欧盟正在朝着到2020年将温室气体排放量从1990年的水平减少20%的目标稳步前进，同时可再生能源的使用量也将增加20%。即可知欧盟正在尽最大努力鼓励使用可再生能源，故选C。【41题详解】细节理解题。第五段最后一句Withpricesdroppingthisfast,solarenergyisnowprovingcompetitivewithfossilfuelsforgeneratingelectricityinmanyareas.可知由于价格下降如此之快，太阳能在许多领域的发电能力已经证明可以与化石燃料相媲美。即由于可再生能源价格下跌，它们的竞争力更强，故选A。【42题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句Nevertheless,renewablesarelikelytoreplacefossilfuelsasthemainsourceofelectricalpowerwellbeforemid-century.可知作者认为可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为主要的电力来源。再结合文章内容主要为讨论能源的转型正逐步实现，故选C。北京市师大附中2018-2019学年高一英语下学期期中试题第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)第一节:AGetInvolved!MakeaDonation!Sowhatisrewilding?Imagineournaturalhomesgrowinginsteadofshrinking.Imaginespecies(物种)diversifyinginsteadofdeclining.That'srewilding.Rewildingisecologicalrestoration.Rewildingoffershopeforwildlife,humansandtheplanet.Whyisrewildingimportantandnecessary?●Ournaturalecologyisbroken.Theplaceswhereyouwouldexpectwildlifetoexisthavebeenreducedtowetdeserts.Theseabedhasbeendestroyedandtherehavebeennolivingcreaturesanymore.●Ourwildlifeisdisappearing.Manywonderfulspecieshavedeclinedoverthepastcentury.We'velostmoreofourlargeanimalsthananyEuropeancountry.●Weneedkeystonespecies.Thesevitalspecies,includingtoppredators(食肉动物),driveecologicalprocesses.Theirlosshasworsenedourlivingsystems.●Naturelooksafterus.Goodnaturalecologycanprovideuswithcleanairandwater,preventfloodingandstorecarbon.Rewildingcanleavetheworldinabetterstatethanitistoday.Whatarechallenges?Asalong-termproject,our"rewildingbritain"hasitschallenges.Manypeoplearenotinterested,becausewehavegotusedtothelackofnativeforests.Manyfarmersopposetheidea.Theythoughtitacrazyideatobringbackpredatorsbecausetheywouldstartkillingfarmanimals.Ittakestimetoeducatethem.Aboveall,weneedmoney!Soweneedyourhelp!Makeadonation.Helpusbringbacklivingsystemsandrestorewildnature!Withyourhelpwecan...●Openupnewchancesforrewildingandpushforchange.●Developtoolstoeducate,influenceandspreadtheword.Thanksforyoursupport.21.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofrewilding?A.Speciesbecomevarious.B.Alotofanimalsdisappear.C.Environmentsaredestroyed.D.Naturaldisastershappenregularly.22.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthechallengesatpresentis_______.A.people'sdoubtsB.alackofvolunteersC.ashortageoftimeD.farmers'disagreement23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewproject.B.Tocallonpeopletogivemoney.C.Towarnpeopleofthenaturalecology.D.Toconvincepeopletochangetheirmind.【答案】21.A22.D23.B【解析】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一个名叫"rewildingbritain"的再野生化项目的具体情况，并号召人们为这个项目捐款。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段前三句"Imagineournaturalhomesgrowinginsteadofshrinking.Imaginespecies(物种)diversifyinginsteadofdeclining.That'srewilding."可知当我们对物种进行再野生化的时候，我们的自然家园会扩大而不是萎缩，自然物种会变得更加多样而不是减少。也就是说物种会变得多样化，故A项正确。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段前三句"Asalong-termproject,our"rewildingbritain"hasitschallenges.Manypeoplearenotinterested,becausewehavegotusedtothelackofnativeforests.Manyfarmersopposetheidea."可知这是一个长期项目，会有很多挑战。很多农民会反对这个项目。故D项正确。【23题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一部分"Makeadonation.Helpusbringbacklivingsystemsandrestorewildnature!"可知本文主要是为了号召人们为"rewildingbritain"项目捐款。故B项正确。BASimpleLesson"Anotherbaddayatschool?"myfatheraskedasIcameintotheroom."Howcouldyoutell?Ididn'tshutthedoorheavilyoranything,"Ireplied.OverthepasttwomonthsIhadeitherdonethisorthrownmybackpackacrosstheroomevertimeIcamehomefromschool.Papathinksithassomethingtodowithmovingtoanewhouse."Iknowthismovehasbeenhardonyou.Leavingyourfriendsandcousinsbehindistough,"Papasaid,asheputhisarmaroundmyshoulder."Whatyoumustrememberisthat,withalotofhardworkandsometime,youwillmakenewfriends.""Youdon'tknowhowharditis.Thisyearmybaseballteamwouldhavewonthechampionship.Theywon'tevengivemeachancetopitch(投球)here.AllIgettoplayisrightfield,andthat'stheworst!"Papaturnedtowardme."Thingswillgetbetter,Ipromiseyou.Letmeaskyou,doyouknowwhyyouwerenamedDavidLorenzo?""Yes,yournameisDavidandgrandfather'snameisLorenzo.""Verygood,andwhatmakesyourgrandfathersoimportant?""Hewasthefirstinthefamilytocometothiscountryandallthat,"Ianswered."Thatisonlypartlycorrect.Yourgrandfatherwasaverygreatman.InMexico,hehadbeenateacher.WhenhecametoAmericahecouldonlygetlow-paidlaborjobsbecausehedidn'tspeakthelanguage.IttookhimtwoyearsbeforehespokeEnglishwellenoughtobeallowedtoteachhere,buthedidit.Henevercomplainedbecauseheknewchangecouldbedifficult.Didheevertellyouthat?"myfatherasked.Ilookeddownatmyfeet,ashamedatmybehavior."No.Thatmusthavebeenhard,"Isaidsheepishly."Yourgrandfathertaughtmethatifyouletpeopleseeyourtalent,theywillacceptyouforwhoyouare.Iwantyoutoalwaysrememberwhatmyfathertaughtme,evenifittakesafewyearsforpeopletoseewhoyouare,"saidPapa.AllIcouldsaywas,"Okay."ThenIasked,"WhatshouldIdonow?"Laughing,Papasaid,"Howaboutyoupitchafewtome?Youneedsomework."24.Whywastheauthorunhappythatday?A.Becausehemovedtoanewcountry.B.Becausehisbaseballteamlostthegame.C.Becausehewasn'tofferedachancetopitch.D.Becausehequarreledwithhisfriendsatschool.25.Thefathersuccessfullychangedhisson'smoodby_________.A.askinghimtotrainharderB.playingbaseballwithhimC.tellinghisgrandfather'sstoryD.introducinghimsomenewfriends26.Theunderlinedword"sheepishly"probablymeans________.A.shylyB.patientlyC.clumsilyD.cautiously27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Hethinkshisfatherlivesinthepast.B.He'dratherlivewithhisgrandfather.C.Hewillcontinuetodislikeschoolandeverything.D.Hewilltryhisbesttoadapttothenewenvironment.【答案】24.C25.C26.A27.D【解析】文章大意：搬家来到了新学校，面对新环境，作者一直闷闷不乐。父亲把祖父的故事讲给了作者，从祖父的身上作者汲取到了有益的教益。【24题详解】C细节理解题。由第四段"Theywon'tevengivemeachancetopitch(投球)here."可知，作者到新校后，没有获得投球的机会，所以不高兴。【25题详解】C推理判断题。由文章后面的介绍可知，作者的父亲给作者讲述了祖父的故事给作者上了有效的一课。【26题详解】A猜测词义题。听了祖父的故事，作者非常内疚，所以"害羞地"承认了自己的错误。【27题详解】D推理判断题。由倒数第四段"Ilookeddownatmyfeet,ashamedatmybehavior."和倒数第三段可推知，作者从祖父的身上获得了教益，一定会像祖父一样尽力适应新环境。CManyofuslistentomusicwhilewework,thinkingthatitwillhelpustoconcentrateonthetaskathand.Andinfact,recentresearchhasfoundthatmusiccanhavebeneficialeffectsoncreativity.Whenitcomestootherareasofperformance,however,theimpactofbackgroundmusicismorecomplicated.Theideathatlisteningtomusicwhenworkingisbeneficialtooutputprobablyhasitsrootsintheso-called"Mozarteffect".Putsimply,thisisthefindingthatspatialrotationperformance(空间旋转能力)isincreasedimmediatelyafterlisteningtothemusicofMozart,comparedtonosoundatall.Howsoundaffectsperformancehasbeenthetopicofresearchforover40years,andisobservedthroughaphenomenoncalledtheirrelevantsoundeffect.Tostudyirrelevantsoundeffect,participantsintheresearchareaskedtocompleteasimpletaskwhichrequiresthemtorecallaseriesofnumbersorlettersintheexactorderinwhichtheysawthem.Thetrickythingisbeingabletodothiswhileignoringanybackgroundnoise.Twokeycharacteristicsoftheirrelevantsoundeffectarerequiredforitsobservation.First,thetaskmustrequirethepersontousetheirrehearsalabilities(复述能力),andsecond,thesoundmustcontainacousticalvariation(声学变化).Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions.Theirrelevantsoundeffectitselfcomesfromattemptingtoprocesstwosourcesoforderedinformationatthesametime-onefromthetaskandonefromthesound.Unfortunately,onlytheformerisrequiredtosuccessfullyperformtherecalltask,andtheeffortinensuringthatirrelevantorderinformationfromthesoundisnotprocessedactuallyhinders(阻碍)thisability.Asimilarconflictisalsoseenwhenreadingwhileinthepresenceoflyricalmusic.Inthissituation,thetwosourcesofwords—fromthetaskandthesound—areinconflict.Thecostispoorerperformanceofthetaskinthepresenceofmusicwithlyrics.Whatthisallmeansisthatwhetherhavingmusicplayinginthebackgroundhelpsorhindersperformancedependsonthetaskandonthetypeofmusic,andonlyunderstandingthisrelationshipwillhelppeoplemaximizetheirproductivitylevels.28."Mozarteffect"ismentionedto________.A.explainhowmusiccanrelaxpeopleB.showmusiccanimproveperformanceC.advisepeopletolistentoMozartmusicD.stressMozartmusicgainswideattention29.Itcanbeinferredthatparticipantsintheresearch________.A.haveimprovedtheirrehearsalabilityB.performbetterinthequietconditionsC.ignorethebackgroundnoisesuccessfullyD.preferthemusicwithgreatsoundvariation30.Paragraph6iswrittento_______.A.supportanideaB.makeacontrastC.introduceatopicD.describeafact31.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.MusicshapesyourlifeB.MusicdevelopsyourcreativityC.ChoosequietmusicforyourworkD.Doesmusicmakeyouconcentrate?【答案】28.B29.B30.A31.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是"音乐在工作中的效应"。我们中的许多人在工作时听音乐，认为它会帮助我们集中精力完成手头的任务。事实上，最近的研究发现，音乐可以对创造力产生有益的影响。然而，当涉及到其他表演领域时，背景音乐的影响就更加复杂了。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句Whenitcomestootherareasofperformance,however,theimpactofbackgroundmusicismorecomplicated."然而，当涉及到其他表演领域时，背景音乐的影响就更加复杂了。"和第二段第一句Theideathatlisteningtomusicwhenworkingisbeneficialtooutputprobablyhasitsrootsintheso-called"Mozarteffect"."工作时听音乐有利于产量的观点，可能根源于所谓的"莫扎特效应"。"可知，"莫扎特效应"是指音乐可以提高演奏水平。故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions."在声音变化不大的情况下，任务的性能更接近于在安静条件下观察到的性能"。可以推断，研究参与者在安静的环境中表现得更好。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中Asimilarconflictisalsoseenwhenreadingwhileinthepresenceoflyricalmusic.Inthissituation,thetwosourcesofwords—fromthetaskandthesound—areinconflict.可知，第6段是为了支持一个观点而写的。故选A。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段Whatthisallmeansisthatwhetherhavingmusicplayinginthebackgroundhelpsorhindersperformancedependsonthetaskandonthetypeofmusic,andonlyunderstandingthisrelationshipwillhelppeoplemaximizetheirproductivitylevels."这一切都意味着，在后台播放音乐是有助于还是阻碍表现取决于任务和音乐类型，只有理解这种关系才能帮助人们最大化他们的生产力水平。"可知，本文主题是D项"音乐能让你集中注意力吗?"【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude，indicate等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第2小题，根据第四段最后一句Wherethesounddoesnotvarymuchacoustically,theperformanceofthetaskismuchclosertothatobservedinquietconditions."在声音变化不大的情况下，任务的性能更接近于在安静条件下观察到的性能"。可以推断，研究参与者在安静的环境中表现得更好。故选B。DWetalkcontinuouslyabouthowtomakechildrenmore"resilient(有恢复力的)"，butwhateverwe'redoing,it'snotworking.Ratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionarerisingrapidlyamongteenagers.Whatarewedoingwrong?NassimTalebinventedtheword"antifragile"andusedittodescribeasmallbutveryimportantclassofsystemsthatgainfromshocks,challenges,anddisorder.Theimmune(免疫的)systemisoneofthem:itrequiresexposuretocertainkindsofbacteriaandpotentialallergens(过敏原)inchildhoodinordertodeveloptoitsfullability.Children'ssocialandemotionalabilitiesareasantifragileastheirimmunesystems.Ifweoverprotectkidsandkeepthem"safe"fromunpleasantsocialsituationsandnegativeemotions,wedeprive(剥夺)themofthechallengesandopportunitiesforself-buildingtheyneedtogrowstrong.Suchchildrenarelikelytosuffermorewhenexposedlatertootherunpleasantbutordinarylifeevents,suchasteasingandsocialrejection.It'snotthekids'fault.IntheUK,asintheUS,parentsbecamemuchmorefearfulinthe1980sand1990sascableTVandlatertheInternetexposedeveryone,moreandmore,tothoserareoccurrencesofcrimesandaccidentsthatnowoccurlessandless.Outdoorplayandindependentmobilitywentdown;screentimeandadult-monitoredactivitieswentup.Yetfreeplayinwhichkidsworkouttheirownrulesofengagement,takesmallrisks,andlearntomastersmalldangersturnsouttobevitalforthedevelopmentofadultsocialandevenphysicalcompetence.Deprivingthemoffreeplaypreventstheirsocial-emotionalgrowth.NorwegianplayresearchersEllenSandseterandLeifKennairwarned:"Wemayobserveanincreasedanxietyormentaldisordersinsocietyifchildrenareforbiddenfromparticipatinginageadequateriskyplay."Theywrotethosewordsin2011.Overthefollowingfewyears,theirpredictioncametrue.Kidsbornafter1994aresufferingfrommuchhigherratesofanxietydisordersanddepressionthandidthepreviousgeneration.Besides,thereisalsoariseintherateatwhichteenagegirlsareadmittedtohospitalfordeliberatelyharmingthemselves.Whatcanwedotochangethesetrends?Howcanweraisekidsstrongenoughtohandletheordinaryandextraordinarychallengesoflife?Wecan'tguaranteethatgivingprimaryschoolchildrenmoreindependencetodaywillbringdowntherateofteenagesuicidetomorrow.Thelinksbetweenchildhoodoverprotectionandteenagementalillnessaresuggestivebutnotclear-cut.Yettherearegoodreasonstosuspectthatbydeprivingournaturallyantifragilekidsofthewiderangeofexperiencestheyneedtobecomestrong,wearesystematicallypreventingtheirgrowth.Weshouldletgo—andletthemgrow.32.WhydoestheauthormentiontheimmunesysteminParagraph2?A.Tostressitsimportance.B.Toanalyzethecauseofanxiety.C.Toquestionthelatestdiscovery.D.Tohelpunderstandanewword.33.Parentsoverprotectchildrenbecause______.A.theyareconcernedabouttheirchildren'ssafetyB.theywanttokeepchildrenfrombeingteasedC.parent-monitoredactivitiesareamustD.childrenarenotindependentenough34.Accordingtotheauthor,freeplaycan_____.A.promotechildren'sresilienceB.strengthenchildren'sfriendshipC.reducechildren'sriskybehaviorD.developchildren'sleadershipskills35.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Stoptryingtoperfectyourchild.B.Ittakesgreatcouragetoraisechildren.C.Preparethechildfortheroad,notthe