语法自己做笔记背非谓语动词

第五讲非谓语动词（1）英语中，不是用作句子谓语，而是用于充当其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。因为非谓语动词不像谓语动词那样受到主语人称、数等因素的限定，它又被称作非限定(非限制性）动词(

Nonfinite

Verb)。非限制性动词有三种形式：todo不定式-ing形式-ed分词动名词-ing

分词

不定式(theInfinitive)

功能:

作主语：TomasterEnglishneedsdiligence.Tohelpothersistohelponeself.Itisagreatpleasuretoseeyouhere.作宾语:Doyouwanttohaveacupofcoffee?Theyfounditimpossibletooperateonthepatient

atpresent.作宾语补足语:I’dlikeyoutostayafewlonger.Ourteacheraskedmetorecitethetextyesterday.作表语:OurtaskistomasterEnglishintheshortestpossibletime.Thebiggestproblemishowto

makefulluseoftime.复合形式作定语:Haveyougotanythingtoeat?Thatfamilyhasonlyasmallhousetolivein.作状语:Wemustworkevenhardertoimproveourpronunciation.Hegotuptoolatetocatchthe6:10train.Youareoldenoughtodoityourself.动词不定式的否定形式和复合形式否定形式:在不定式前加not.例如：

Idecidednottogowiththem.Itisgood

nottospitontheground.复合形式:指不定式前带逻辑主语，或不定式前带有what,when,where等词。例如：It’sapityforustohavetostayathomeinsuchfineweather.Thescientistsoftodaywillhavetodecidehowto

usethecomputerstomorrow.动词不定式的时态和语态

主动被动一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing

完成进行式tohavebeendoing

一般式:不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生MissLin,Iamveryhappy

togowithyou.Togetridofpollution,wehavesomuchworktodo.完成式:不定式表示的动作时间先于谓语动词Iamveryglad

tohavemetyou.Thegirlseemedtohavefallenasleep.进行式：不定式表示的动作与谓语动作发生在同一时间Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.Theyseemtobehavingameeting.被动:Thestudentsliketobeaskedquestions.Weareluckytohavebeenaskedtositinthefront.注：使用不带“to”不定式：1以why开头的简单疑问句中Whydoitthatway?Whynotgooutforawalk?2.在hadbetter,wouldrather…(than),cannotbut…,can’thelpbut…,等习惯用法中。Sincesheisangry,wehadbetterleaveheralone.Ratherthanbeginthestreet,hewouldprefertodieofhunger.Icouldn’thelpbutwaitforthenextbustocome.3.在donothing/anything/everythingbut(except)结构中,to要省略LastnightIdidnothing

butwatchTV.Johnwilldoanythingbutworkonafarm.如谓语动词不是do的某种形式，but(except)后面要加to.Thedoctortoldhimnothing

buttostopsmoking.Therewasnothingforthemtodobuttoremainsilent.常接不定式作宾语的动词：afford arrange askattemptbeg decidedetermine expect failintend hope learnlong manage offer plan prepare pretendpromise refuse seek tend volunteer claim常接不定式作宾补的动词：advise allow direct enable encourage force help intend invite lead permit persuaderemind tell urge warn注：hope,demand和suggest不可接不定式作

宾补，但可跟引出的宾语从句

错：Hehopedmetogivehimmorehelp.对：HehopedthatIwouldgivehimmorehelp.错：Thedoctorsuggestsmyfathertostopsmoking.对：Thedoctorsuggeststhatmyfather(should)stopsmoking.在see,hear,lookat,feel,watch,notice等感官动词，以及let,make,have等其它动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去“to”.但被动形式要加“to”.Themanagermadehissecretaryworkovertime.Thesecretarywasmadeto

workovertime.复合谓语结构：“besaid(reported,known等)+不定式”。此结构也可转换成:“itissaid(reported,known…)that”句型ShanxiProvinceisknowntohaverichcoalreserves.ItisknownthatShanxihasrichcoalreserves.“seem(happen,appear,prove,tend等)+不定

式”.Ihappenedtobeoutwhenshecalled.(3)“belikely(certain,sure,willing,anxious,ready,bound,eager,reluctant等)+不定式”.

Theyarelikelytosucceed.Sheisalwaysreadytohelpothers.Everythingseems

(go)smoothly.Hereisanotherletter

(type).Heclaime