高考英语状语从句讲解

典型例句突破状语从句前言：学习状语从句的几个关键点1〕引导状语从句的连词及意思2〕状语从句与主句的时态照应3〕有关状语从句的重点句型。4〕状语从句的省略一．各种状语从句的典型例句1．条件状语从句：1〕Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(除非,假设不；相当于if—not)即：Ifyouaretootired,we’llnotgooutforawalk.2〕Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.(只要，表示条件的唯一性)3〕Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.〔以防—，以免—〕4〕Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.(条件是—)5〕Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting"(如果,假设)6〕Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided/providingthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(假设,除非以……为条件)7〕Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.(一旦—就--)2.时间状语从句：1〕Whenshecamein,Istoppedeating.(当—的时候，表示“瞬时动词〞)2〕Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.(当—的时候，wasreading是延续性的动词，wasreading和waswatching同时发生)3〕Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.〔然而，表示“比照〞〕4〕Aswewasgoingout,itbegantosnow.〔as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开场下雪的特定时间〕5〕Wealwayssingaswewalk.〔as表示“一边……一边〞〕6〕Einsteinalmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.(“在—之前〞或“—-才〞)7〕MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.〔“刚好在—之前〞或“—就〞〕8〕Afteryouthinkitover,pleaseletmeknowwhatyoudecide.〔在—之后〕9〕Ididn'tgotobeduntil〔till〕myfathercameback.(“直到—-才〞，主句中的动词为非延续性动词)10〕Iworkeduntilhecameback.(“直到—-才〞，主句中的动词为延续性动词)11)WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou"(自从—)12)IwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.(一—-就—，另外有immediately,instantly)13)ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihastenedtothespot.(一—-就—，另外有theinstant,theminute，etc.)14)AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.(一—-就—)15)Hehadnosoonerarrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.(一—-就—,另外有hardly/scarcely—-when—)16)Bythetimeyoucameback,Ihadfinishedthisbook.(“到—时为止〞，从句是一般过去时，主句是过去完成时。)17)Bythetimeyoueheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.(“到—时为止〞，从句是一般现在时，主句是将来完成时。)18)EachtimehecametoHarbin,hewouldcallonme.(“每当—的时候〞或“每次〞，复习eachtime,everytime和whenever)3．有关时间状语从句的重点句型1〕Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheyeback.(Itwillbe—before—过很久才—-)2〕Itwon’tbefourdaysbeforetheyeback.(Itwon’tbe—before—不久就—)2〕ItwasnotuntilthemeetingwasoverthathebegantoteachmeEnglish.(“Itwasnotuntil—that—-〞notuntil的强调句型)3〕NotuntilthemeetingwasoverdidhebegintoteachmeEnglish.(notuntil的倒装句型。)4)Itis/hasbeenfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我们老板离开有五个月了。(“Itis/hasbeen—since〞自从—以来多长时间)5)HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin.我刚坐下，他就进来了。〔“hardly/scarcely—-when—〞/同“nosooner—than〞注意时态的应用。〕4．原因状语从句1)Thesweatershrankbecauseitwaswashedbadly.(强调“直接原因〞)2)Since[As]we’venomoney,wecan’tbuyit.〔由于〕3)Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics.〔“既然〞强调双方共知的原因,复习“now(that),seeing(that)，considering(that)，inthat〞〕4〕Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.(for引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。)5〕Thecountryisnotstrongbecauseitislarge.国强不在大。(“not...because〞构造中的not否认的是because引导的整个从句)5结果状语从句1)Thereissorapidanincreaseinpopulationthatafoodshortageiscaused.(太—以至于)2)Theyaresuchfineteachersthatweallholdthemingreatrespect.(太—以致于)3)Itwasverycold,sothattheriverfroze.〔以致于〕4)注意状语从句与too….to..enoughto…,so…asto构造的不同。6．目的状语从句1〕Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.(为了；以便)2〕Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)(生怕；以免)heshouldforgetit.3〕Bettertakemoreclothesincase(以免)theweatheriscold.4)Sayitlouder(so)thateveryonecanhearyou.(以便)7．让步状语从句1〕Although/Thoughhewaswornout,(still)hekeptonworking.(虽然，纵然,尽管)【有时though=andyet但是，然而，放在句子末尾，前面用逗号。Itwashardwork;Ienjoyedit,though.=Itwashardwork,butIenjoyedit.〕】那工作很苦，但是我喜欢干。2)Objectasyoumay,I’llgo.(虽然，纵然，尽管)3)Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.(虽然，纵然，尽管)4)Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.(虽然，纵然，尽管)5)We’llmakeatripevenif/thoughtheweatherisbad.(“即使……〞)6)You'llhavetoattendtheceremonywhetheryou'refreeorbusy.(“不管是否……〞，“不管是……还是……〞)7)Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.〔无论谁，复习nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句。〕8〕WhileIlikethecolor,Idon'tliketheshape.〔尽管〕8．方式状语从句1〕Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.2〕Theypletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theynevere*isted.3〕说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforthefirsttime.〔他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。〕Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.〔他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。〕Thewavesdashedontherocksasifinanger.〔波涛冲击着岩石，好似很愤怒。〕4〕PleasepronouncethewordthewayIdo.(用—方式)5〕Leavethethingsastheyare.(按照—)9．比拟状语从句1〕Youseemtoknowmusicaswellasyouknowastronomy.(as—as构造)2〕Therewasnogardensolovelyashisinthiscity.(noso—as构造)3〕Therewerenotsomanyticketsavailableaswereaskedfor.(notso—as构造)4〕Finallyhehasmadeasmuchmoneyashewanted.(as+adj+n.+as构造)5〕Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.(thesameas构造)6〕Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.(such—as构造)7〕Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.(morethan构造)8〕Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.(否认词和比拟级连用表示最高级含义。)9〕Thisteachere*plainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.(比拟级与“anyotherone〞连用表示最高级含义。)10〕Themoreyouread,thebetterwillyouwrite.(themore—-themore构造)11)Heearnednomorethan800dollarsamonth.他一个月只挣800美元。〔no+比拟级+than构造〕.10．地点状语从句1)Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.2)Youshouldhaveputthebookwhereyoufoundit.3)Whereverthereissmoke,thereisfire.4)Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.5)Youshouldmakeitaruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain二．状语从句的省略：状语从句的省略原则主要是：如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致，就可以经过一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一局部或全部省略，或从句中是itis,可以把itis省略，从而使语言更加简洁、明了。现就把各种状语从句的省略现象列举如下：1.While(Iwas)atcollege,Ibegantoknowhim,astrangebutablestudent.2．Don’teinuntil(youare)askedto.3．Whenever(itis)possible,youshouldeandhelp.4．Putinarticleswherever(itis)necessaryinthefollowingpassages.5.Hewilleif(heis)asked.6.Evenif(Iam)invitedto,Iwon’tgotosuchabadlecture.7.Shehasfinishedtheworkearlierthan(ithasbeen)e*pected.8.Shetalkedtothestrangerasif(shewere)absent-minded.补充：2.until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。在强调句型中一般只能用until，不用till。ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrecognizedher.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。3.状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，放在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开。有时可置于主句中间，前后用逗号。b．when更强调特定时间，还可表示从句中的动作先于或后于主句的动作。WhenIhadgivenMarythespareticket,Ifoundmyownalreadygone.当我把多余的票给了玛丽时，我才发现我自己的票已不知去向。〔从句动作发生在主句之前，注意主从句的时态〕WhenIfinallygotthere,hemeetinghadbeenonfortenminutes.当我最终赶到那里时，会议已开场十分钟了。〔从句动作发生在主句之后，注意时态〕4.在地点状语从句之前，不要使用介词。【误】Youshouldputthebookatwhereitwas.【正】Youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.你应该把书放在原来的地方。【误】Weshouldgotowhereweareneededmost.【正】Weshouldgowhereweareneededmost.我们应该到最需要我们的地方去。5.有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语的一局部〔特别是动词be〕省略掉。Lookoutforcarswhencrossingthestreet.过街时留神车辆。(=whenyouarecrossingthestreet)Shehurriedlylefttheroomasthoughangry.她急匆匆地走出屋去，好象很生气的样子。(=asthough/ifshewaswereangry)Ifpossible,I'dliketohavetwocopiesofit.可能的话，我想要两本。(=ifitispossible,)Sheadvisedmenotosayanythingunlessasked.她劝我别说什么，除非有人要我说。(=unlessIwasasked)Asayoungman,hestudiedlawandbecamealawyer.他年轻时就学了法律，并当了律师。(=AsWhenhewasayoungman,)6.although,though不能与but连用，但是可以与yet,still,nevertheless连用。AlthoughThoughheblamesme,yetIwilltrusthim.尽管他责怪我，但我还是愿意信任他。Thoughhewashungry,stillhewouldnoteat.尽管他饿了，但是他仍然不想吃。真题练习：1.Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch___shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where2.Iusedtolovethatfilm___Iwasachild,butIdon’tfeelitthatwayanymore.A.onceB.whenC.sinceD.although3.I’msorryyou’rebeenwaitingsolong,butit’llstillbesometime___Briangetsback.A.beforeB.sinceC.tillD.after4.—AreyoureadyforSpain"—Yes,Iwantthegirlstoe*periencethat___theyareyoung.A.whileB.untilC.ifD.before5.Thereweresomechairsleftover___everyonehadsatdown.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.where6.ThefieldresearchwilltakeJoanandPaulaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtime___wemeetthemagain.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when7.Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife___we’veactuallyhadthatlesson.A.untilB.afterC.sinceD.when8.—Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe___Chinasendsamannedspaceshiptothemoon"—Perhapstwoorthreeyears.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.before9.“Youcan’thavethisfootballback___youpromisenottokickitatmycatagain,〞theoldmansaidfirmly.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.until10.ThedoctorwarnedJohnthathemightbeoverweight___hegotenoughe*ercise.A.becauseB.ifC.unlessD.until11.—Haveyougotanyideaforthesummervacation"—Idon’tmindwherewego___there’ssun,seaandbeach.A.asifB.aslongasC.nowthatD.inorderthat12.—Doyouhaveaminute"I’vegotsomethingtotellyou.—OK,___youmakeitshort.A.nowthatB.ifonlyC.solongasD.everytime13.Don’tpromiseanything___youareonehundredpercentsure.A.whetherB.afterC.howD.unless14.We’llhaveapiicintheparkthisSunday___itrainsorit’sverycold.A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.until15.Asmallcarisbigenoughforafamilyofthree___youneedmorespaceforbaggage.A.onceB.becauseC.ifD.unless16.___hehadnothurthisleg,Johnwouldhavewontherace.A.ifB.sinceC.thoughD.when17.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterview___youhaveconfidence.A.beforeB.onceC.untilD.though18.Iwon’tcallyou,___somethingune*pectedhappens.A.unlessB.whetherC.becauseD.while19.___thereisasnowstormorsomeotherbadweather,themailalwaysesontime.A.BecauseB.IfC.WhenD.Unless20.___environmentaldamageisdone,ittakesmanyyearsfortheecosystem(生态系统)torecover.A.EvenifB.IfonlyC.WhileD.Once21.Thelawyerseldomwearsanythingotherthanasuit___theseason.A.whateverB.whereverC.wheneverD.however22.___hungryIam,Ineverseemtobeabletofinishoffthisloafofbread.A.whateverB.wheneverC.whereverD.however23.___wellpreparedyouare,youstillneedalotofluckinmountainclimbing.A.HoweverB.WhateverC.NomatterD.Although24.___theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkit’sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.As25.Wehadtowaithalfanhour___wehadalreadybookedatable.A.sinceB.althoughC.untilD.before26.___Ireallydon’tlikeart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While27.Manyofthemturnedadeafeartohisadvice,___theyknewittobevaluable.A.asifB.nowthatC.eventhoughD.sothat28.___tomorrow,ourshipwillsetsailforMacao.A.HowevertheweatherislikeB.HoweveristheweatherlikeC.WhateveristheweatherlikeD.Whatevertheweatherislike29.Howcanyoue*pecttolearnanything___youneverlisten"A.incaseB.evenifC.unlessD.when30.Hefounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,___hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.thoughB.forC.butD.so31.You’dbetternotleavethemedicine___kidscangetatit.A.evenifB.whichC.whereD.sothat32.Itisoftensaidthatthejoyoftravellingis___inarrivingatyourdestination___inthejourneyitself.A./;butB./;orC.not;orD.not;but33.Theweatherwas___coldthatIdidn’t