基于多态位点分析的risr群体ql定位

基于多态位点分析的risr群体ql定位

cotolid是一个由纺织系统组成的系统，作为一个计划，推进可能的运动，并将信息缓慢转移到其他部位。一般来说，这是一个参考点。这是一个未经授权的加工发行方法，而不是一个内部授权的覆盖信息。这是一个从属关系的异常行为到特征的异常行为。开普敦线编年史可以忽略。发展信息的数量，无论是数量，还是评价的结果表明，开普通失败是不可避免的。Incottonresearch,QTLforyieldandyieldcomponentshadbeenmappedbymanyresearchgroups.However,mostofthesegregatingpopulationstheyusedweretransientpopulations.Becauselowheritabilityandhighexperimentalerroraremajorfactorsthatareinfluencingtheidentificationofquantitativetraits,itisaneffectiveapproachtoconstructimmortalizedmappingpopulationstoresolvetheseproblems.Recombinantinbredlines(RILs)developedfromahybridbyrepeatedselfingsconstitutesuchapopulationandtheyareveryusefulinplantbreedingandgeneticresearchasakindofpermanentpopulation.Inthisarticle,aRILpopulationwasdevelopedbysingleseeddescendedfromXZM2,themostwidelygrowncottonhybridplantedinF1andF2beforetransgenicBthybridswereextensivelyreleasedinChina.ThepurposeofthisstudywastoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenyieldanditscomponentsanddetectQTLforthesetraits.1杏仁杏仁1.1案例1:美国corenalfingregal日本,2002,2002,2002,2002,2002,2002,2002,2002,XZM2wasreleasedinHunanProvincein1997andinYangtzeRiverValleycotton-growingregionin2001.TheparentsofXZM2areZMS12and8891.ZMS12wasreleasedinYellowRiverValleycotton-growingregionandhadbeenplantedinthelargestcotton-growingareainChina,whereas8891isanonreleasedcommercialstraindevelopedinYangtzeRiverValleycotton-growingregion.Theparentallines,F1and180RILswereplantedatJiangpuandGuanyun,JiangsuProvincein2002and2003.CottonproductionwasgreatlyinfluencedbecauseofexcessiverainfallatJiangpuin2003;therefore,dataforyieldandyieldcomponentsinthisenvironmentwerenotincludedinthepresentreport.Theenvironmentscompriseddifferentlocationsandyears.Env.1(Environment1)wasreferredtoasplantedatJiangpuin2002,Env.2atGuanyunin2002,andEnv.3atGuanyunin2003.JiangpuislocatedinYangtzeRiverValleycotton-growingregion,whileGuanyunislocatedinYellowRiverValleycotton-growingregion.Arandomizedcompleteblockdesignwithtworeplicationswasusedinthefieldtrials.Fifteenseedlingsofapproximately30-day-oldweretransplantedtoaone-rowplot.Thefiveplantsinthemiddleofeachrowweretaggedforscoringandharvestingseedcotton.Yieldandyieldcomponentsanalysisincludedseed-cottonyield(SY,g/plant),lintyield(LY,g/plant),bolls/plant(BN),bollweight(BW,g),lintpercentage(LP,%),seedindex(SI,g),andlintindex(LI,g).1.2u2004范围DNAsfrom180RILs,F1andtwoparentswereextractedasdescribedbyPatersonetal.Fourthousandonehundredandsixmicrosatellite(SSR)primerpairsthatarepresentlyavailableinourlabwereusedtoscreenpolymorphismbetweentwoparents.Thesourceand/orprotocolofSSR,RAPD,SRAP,andYellowanthergene,P1,weresameasdescribedbyWangetal.TheAFLPprotocolwascarriedoutasdescribedbyVosetal.Theamplificationproductswereviewedusing6%sequencinggelsfollowingsilverstaining.AFLPprimercombinationsarenominated“ExMy”,inwhichEandMrepresentEcoRⅠ+3-primerandMseⅠ+3-primer,whereasxandyaretheirserialnumbers.1.3职业网络mapAnalysisofvariance(ANOVA)andpathanalysiswerecarriedoutusingSASprogram.AgeneticlinkagemapwasconstructedusingMapmaker3.0,inwhichalogarithmofodds(LOD)thresholdof4.0anda50cMmaximaldistanceweretakenwiththe“errordetection”commandon.After“compare”and“try”commandswereused,theorderedmarkersequenceswereconfirmedbyusingthe“ripple”command.Recombinationfrequencieswereconvertedintomapdistances(centimorgan,cM)usingtheKosambimappingfunction.Assignmentoflinkagegroupstosubgenomesandchromosomeswasmadeonthebasisofourbackbonedlinkagemaps.ThelinkagegroupwasdescribedasLGXXwhennosubgenomesorchromosomeinferencewereavailable.QTLforyieldandyieldcomponentswereanalyzedbythemethodofcompositeintervalmappingusingWindowsQTLCartographer2.0.CompositeintervalmappingwascarriedoutusingModel6withawalkingspeedof2cMandtheinclusionof10maximumbackgroundmarkerlociinastepwiseforwardregressionprocedure.AstringentLODscoreof3.0wasusedtodeclaresignificantQTL,whereasaLODscoreof2.0-3.0wasusedtodetectsuggestiveQTL,asdescribedbyShenetal.Confidenceintervals(90%-95%)associatedwithQTLlocationsweresetasthemapintervalcorrespondingtoaLODdeclineeithersideofthepeak.Datasetsfromsingleenvironment(separateanalysis)andasetofdatafromthemeansofthreeenvironments(jointanalysis)wereusedtocarryoutQTLmapping.QTLnomenclaturewasthesameasthatinourpreviousresearch.2产品系统2.1能力introdutionregationYieldandyieldcomponentsdescriptivestatisticsweremadeforthemeandataofthreeenvironmentsfortheRILs(Table1).SkewnessvalueswerecalculatedforallyieldandyieldcomponentsoftheRILpopulationtodeterminewhetherthetraitswerenormallydistributed.Theresultsshowedthatalltraitsfollowednormaldistributionexceptforlintindex.AlltraitsexpressedtransgressivesegregationinbothdirectionsintheRILpopulation,andtraitvaluesof8891werehigherthanthoseofZMS12.T-testshowedthatthereweresignificantdifferencesinalltraitsexceptforbolls/plant.XZM2isanelitecottonhybridwithhighheterosisinyield;themid-parentheterosisvaluesofseed-cottonyieldandlintyieldwere27.27%and31.58%,respectively.Bolls/planthadthehighestheterosisperformanceinyieldcomponents.ANOVAwascarriedouttopartitionvariancesforgenotype,environment,replicate,genotype×environment,anderror.Theresultsshowedthatalltraitshadsignificantdifferenceamonggenotypes(datanotshown),suggestingthattheRILpopulationwassuitableforQTLanalysis.2.2gnifictorycorrel东南角—CorrelationandpathanalysesfortraitsoftheRILpopulationCorrelationanalysisbetweentraitsoftheRILpopulationwasconductedusingthemeanvalueofthethreeenvironments(Table2).Seed-cottonyieldwassignificantlycorrelatedwithalltraitsexceptforlintpercentage,whereaslintyieldwassignificantlycorrelatedwithallothertraitsexceptforseedindex.Asfarasyieldcomponenttraitswereconcerned,bollweightwassignificantlycorrelatedwithseedindexandlintindex.Lintpercentagewassignificantlycorrelatedwithlintindex,butwassignificantlynegativelycorrelatedwithseedindex.Toevaluatetherelativeimportanceofyieldcomponenttraitswithouttheinfluenceoftraitunitsorvariance,pathanalysisofyieldcomponenttraitstolintyieldwascarriedoutfortheRILpopulationandF1(Fig.1).Significancetestshowedthatallmodelsreachedsignificantlevel(datanotshown),indicatingthatbolls/planthadthelargestpathcoefficientofyieldcomponentstolintyieldindifferentgenerations.2.3yellwangerloci两设置Atotalof4106SSRprimerpairsand384AFLPprimercombinationswerescreened,resultingin127and18polymorphicloci,respectively.Inaddition,twoRAPDprimers,oneSRAPprimerpair,andadominantYellowanthergeneP1from8891wereused,makingatotalnumberof149polymorphicloci.Chi-squaregoodness-of-fittestwasconductedtodeterminewhetherthegenotypicfrequenciesdiffersignificantlyfromtheexpectedsegregationratio.Mostoftheloci(133of149)fittedtothesegregationratioof1:1.Therefore,allofthemwereusedtoconstructthelinkagemap.Finally,132lociweremappedto26chromosomes/linkagegroupscovering865.20cM(Fig.2),approximately18.57%ofthetotalrecombinationallengthofthecottongenome,andtheaveragegeneticdistancebetweentwolociwas6.55cM.2.4案例interbInthejointanalysis,altogether15QTLforyieldandyieldcomponentswereidentifiedusingcompositeintervalmappingmethodofQTLCartographer2.0(Fig.2,Table3).Inaddition,34QTLforyieldandyieldcomponentswereidentifiedinthethreeenvironmentsinseparateanalysisand10ofthemweredetectedinthejointanalysis(Table4).Seed-cottonyield:AsuggestiveQTL(qSY-A9-1)wasdetectedforseed-cottonyieldinthejointanalysis(Fig.2,Table3),whichexplained5.12%ofphenotypicvariance(PV).AllelesfromZMS12wereinthedirectionofincreasingseed-cottonyield.ThesameQTLwasalsodetectedinEnv.3(Table4).Lintyield:AsuggestiveQTL(qLY-A9-1)forlintyieldwasidentifiedonA9(Chromosome9)inthejointanalysisandexplained4.81%ofPV(Fig.2,Table3).TheZMS12genotypecontributedtoincreaseoflintyield.Bollweight:Forbollweight,asignificantQTLwasdetectedonD12(Chromosome26)inthejointanalysis,whichexplained6.14%ofPV.ItwasdetectedinEnv.1andallelesfromZMS12wereinthedirectionofincreasingbollweight.TwosuggestiveQTLwereidentifiedonD2(Chromosome14)andD12,accountingfor6.39%and4.79%ofPV,respectively,andbothofthemweredetectedinseparateanalysis(Fig.2,Tables3and4).Lintpercentage:Inthejointanalysis,altogether4QTLweredetectedforlintpercentage.AsignificantQTLqLP-A10-1explained13.04%ofPV.Furthermore,thesameQTLwasalsodetectedintwoenvironmentsinseparateanalysis,showinghighstabilityoverdifferentenvironments.AllelesfromZMS12wereinthedirectionofincreasinglintpercentage.AnothersignificantQTL(qLP-A11-1)wasdetectedonA11(LGA03),whichexplained6.27%ofPV.ItwasalsodetectedinEnv.2,andthegenotype8891showedtheeffectsofincreasinglintpercentage.OnA5(Chromosome5),twosuggestiveQTLweredetected,explaining4.28%and3.88%ofPV,respectively.AllelesfromZMS12wereinthedirectionofincreasinglintpercentage(Fig.2,Tables3and4).Lintindex:ThreesignificantandonesuggestiveQTLwereidentifiedinthejointanalysis.Threeofthem(qLI-A9-1,qLI-A10-1,andqLI-D2-1)weredetectedinseparateanalysis.TheQTLqLI-A10-1onA10(Chromosome10)showedthelargesteffectsandexplained14.92%ofPV.AllelesfromZMS12wereinthedirectionofincreasinglintindex(Fig.2,Table3and4).Seedindex:Inthejointanalysis,twoQTLweredetectedonD9(Chromosome23).ThesignificantQTLqSI-D9-1explained7.09%ofPVanditwasalsodetectedinEnv.1,whereasthesuggestiveQTLqSI-D9-2explained6.89%ofPV.Allelesfrom8891contributedtotheincreaseofseedindexforthesetwoQTL(Fig.2,Tables3and4).Thedetailedinformation,suchaspositions,additiveeffects,andtheircontributionstophenotypicvarianceoftheQTLarelistedinTables3and4.3子阶段3.1west-ssr和whismre都ci治理反应MicrosatellitemarkersaresuitableforthedetectionofgeneticdiversityandQTLmapping.PolymorphismofSSRmarkersiscomparativelyhighanddetectable,andthelocationsingenomearerelativelystable.Asaresult,theyarewidelyusedinQTLtagging,constructionoflinkagegroups,andsometimesevenasframeworkmarkers.Inthepreviousresearch,2130pairsofSSRprimerswereusedtoharborQTLforplantarchitecture.WiththedevelopmentofnewEST-SSRmarkersinourlaboratory,atotalnumberof4106pairsofprimersthatarecurrentlyavailablewereusedtoscreenthepolymorphismbetweenthetwoparentsinthepresentstudy.However,only122pairswerepolymorphicbetweenthetwoparents.Additionally,only16ofthe384AFLPprimercombinationsshowedpolymorphism.Onereasonisthatthesilverstainingmethodislesssensitivethanautoradiography,andtheotherreasonisthatthepolymorphismofUplandcottonvarietieswasverylow.PreviouslyconstructedintraspecificlinkagemapsinUplandcottonhadcoveredonly11%-18.6%ofthecottongenomebecauseoflowDNAmarkerpolymorphismamongvarieties.Inthepresentresearch,132outofthetotal149polymorphiclociweredistributedon26chromosomes/linkagegroups,approximately18.57%ofthetotalrecombinationallengthofthecottongenomeandprovidedacomparativelylargegeneticbackgroundforQTLmapping.However,twelvelinkagegroupscouldnotbeassignedtocorrespondingchromosomes,andsomeofthemcontainedonlytwomarkers,whichindicatesthatmoremarkersshouldbeusedtosaturatetheselinkagegroupsandamorerefinedgeneticmapshouldbeconstructedinfuturestudies.Furthermore,ifmorepolymorphicmarkerswerescreened,saturationofthegeneticmapwilldetectmorestablecommonQTLoverdifferentenvironments.3.2非价值主义定义Toresolvetheproblemoflowheritabilityandhighexperimentalerrorthatexistedinidentificationofquantitativetraits,immortalizedRILpopulationsweredevelopedandtraitperformancewasevaluatedinthethreeenvironments.Descriptivestatistics(Table1)showedthatthetraitdatafollowednormaldistribution.FurtherANOVAdemonstratedthesignificanceofvarianceforyieldandyieldcomponentsintheRILpopulation,suggestingthatthepopulationwassuitableforQTLmapping.FifteenQTLwereidentifiedinthejointanalysisonthebasisofmeandataofthreeenvironments(Table3).QTLdetectedonthebasisofmeansofdifferentenvironmentsprovideanidealstrategyforobtainingstableQTL.Meanwhile,atotalof34QTLweredetectedinseparateanalysis,andtenofthemweredetectedinthejointanalysis(Table4).TwolintpercentageQTLandalintindexQTLweresimultaneouslydetectedintwoenvironments.QTLdetectedoverdifferentenvironmentsmightbeofimportanceformarker-assistedselection(MAS).Notably,thelintpercentageQTL(qLP-A10-1)wassimultaneouslydetectedinthejointanalysisandthetwoenvironmentsinseparateanalysis(Tables3and4),showinghighstabilityindifferentenvironments,whichmightbeofspecialvalueforMASprogram.Foryieldandyieldcomponents,theallelescontributingforincreaseinthetraitperformanceoriginatedfrombothparents(Tables3and4),althoughtraitvaluesof8891werehigherthanthoseofZMS12(Table1).Similarphenomenonhadbeenreportedincottonpreviously.ItcouldexplainthetransgressivesegregationobservedforthetraitsintheRILpopulation(Table1),whichmaybebecauseofgenecomplementationandunlockingoftherecessivegenes.QTLmappingforyieldandyieldcomponentsh