老高考适用2023高考英语一轮总复习第一编教材回眸Unit19Language北师大版

Unit19Language晨起第一事背诵经典句1．Speakingandlisteningareveryimportantforlanguagelearning,bywhichyouaresuretomakegreatprogress.听和说对于语言学习来说是非常重要的，通过听和说你一定会取得很大的进步。2．UnderstandingBritishorAmericanculturecanbeapartoflanguagelearning.了解英美文化可以成为语言学习的一部分。3．Youshouldbeawareofthefactthatthebestapproachtolearningaforeignlanguageisthestudyofthespokenlanguage.你应该意识到这个事实：学习外语最好的途径是学习口语。4．Merriam­Webstersaysaghostwordis“awordformneverinestablishedusage.”韦氏词典称，“鬼词”指“从未使用过的单词形式”。Ⅰeq\a\vs4\al(核心单词)(1)fluency(n.)流利度，流畅度→fluent(adj.)流利的，流畅的→fluently(adv.)流利地，流畅地(2)accuracy(n.)精确度，准确度→accurate(adj.)精确的，准确的→accurately(adv.)精确地，准确地(3)thank(v.)感谢，感激→thankful(adj.)为……感到高兴的；感谢的→thankless(adj.)让人不领情的；吃力不讨好的(4)absence(n.)不存在；缺乏→absent(adj.)缺席的，不在场的(5)attain(vt.)获得；达到→attainment(n.)达到，获得→attainable(adj.)可以达到的(6)surround(vt.)环绕，围绕→surrounding(adj.)周围的→surroundings(n.)环境(7)adequate(adj.)足够的，充分的→inadequate(adj.)不充分的(8)ensure(vt.)确保，保证(9)accelerate(vi.&vt.)加速→acceleration(n.)加快；加速度，加速(10)enlarge(vt.)扩大→large(adj.)大的(11)guarantee(vt.)保证(12)adjust(vt.)调节，调整→adjustable(adj.)可以调节的，可以调整的→adjustment(n.)调节，适应(13)inform(v.)告知，通知→information(n.)信息(14)congratulate(vt.)祝贺→congratulation(n.)祝贺(15)explicit(adj.)明确的，清楚的→explicitly(adv.)明确地；直截了当地(16)unconscious(adj.)无知觉的，无意识的→conscious(adj.)意识到的，自觉的(17)tight(adj.)绷紧的→tighten(v.)(使)变紧(18)resemble(vt.)与……相似，像→resemblance(n.)相似，相像(19)negotiate(vt.)谈判；协商→negotiation(n.)谈判，洽谈(20)offence(n.)冒犯；得罪→offend(v.)冒犯；得罪(21)approval(n.)赞成；赞许；批准→approve(v.)赞成；同意(22)applicant(n.)申请人→application(n.)申请(书)→apply(v.)申请；使用(23)competence(n.)能力→competent(adj.)胜任的，有能力的Ⅱeq\a\vs4\al(阅读单词)(1)royal(adj.)王室的；皇家的(2)nationwide(adv.)全国性地(3)fold(v.)折叠；交叉(4)trend(n.)趋势；倾向(5)target(n.)目标(6)pat(vt.&n．)轻拍；拍(7)rigid(adj.)僵硬的(8)transparent(adj.)清晰易辨的；透明的(9)unrest(n.)不安(10)merely(adv.)只；仅仅(11)purchase(vt.&n．)购买(12)ambiguous(adj.)模棱两可的(13)candidate(n.)候选人(14)punctual(adj.)准时的；守时的(15)personnel(n.)全体职员[单句语法填空]1.Evidenceshowsthatthe(absent)ofaparentaddstotheprobabilitythatayoungsterwillcommitcriminalactivities.答案：absence2．Itiseitherheoryouwhoareinchargeoftheprojectandsupposedtofinishit(punctual).答案：punctually3．Iofferedmy(congratulate)toJohnonwinningtherace.答案：congratulations4．Acompanycannotbesoldwithoutthe(approve)oftheshareholders.答案：approval5．ItisveryimportantforEnglishteacherstohaveaknowledgeofthetheoriesoflanguage(acquire).答案：acquisition6．—Tonight's(negotiate)promisestobeadifficultone.—Ican'tagreemore.Bothsidesarestubbornandwillfightfortheirownbenefits.答案：negotiation7．Thejob(apply)wasnotqualifiedforthevacantpositionashedidn'thavetherelevantexperienceasrequiredforthejob.答案：applicant8．The(inform)yougaveintheapplicationistoogeneral;youshouldfocusonsomethingspecialaboutyourself.答案：information9．Underthenew(regulate),allstaffmusthavesafetytraining.答案：regulations10．Itisrather(embarrass)thatwestilldonotknowhowmanyspeciesthereareintheworldtoday.答案：embarrassing1．词性变换形式一致的词(名词­ence→形容词­ent)①absence→absent②patience→patient③silence→silent④presence→present⑤intelligence→intelligent⑥confidence→confident⑦convenience→convenient⑧violence→violent2．前缀en­＋adj./n.构成的动词①large→enlarge扩大②title→entitle使有权利，使有资格；给……命名③able→enable使能够④danger→endanger使遭遇危险3．前缀为trans­的高频词①transplantvt.移植②translatevt.翻译③transportvt.运输④transformvt.改变，转换1．standout突出；显眼2．getahead取得成功；获得进步3．intheabsenceofsb某人不在的时候4．taketheformof以……的形式出现/存在5．catchon学会；流行6．congratulatesbonsth就某事向某人祝贺7．consistof由……构成，由……组成8．onpurpose故意地9．ontheotherhand另一方面10．adjust...to调整……以适应[单句写作]1.Ontheonehand,theoldmanisrich,but(另一方面),heisverylonely.答案：ontheotherhand2．YoumaythinkLiLeibroketherule(故意地),butIthinkhedidsojustbyaccident.答案：onpurpose3．Shesoonfoundthatitwasn'teasyto(取得成功)inthemoviebusiness.答案：getahead4．TheladyexplainedthequestionseveraltimesbutIstillcouldn't(明白；理解)．答案：catchon5．Thetraining(采取……的形式)seminarsandlectures.答案：took/takestheformof6．Shewillhavetoherself(调整)newconditionsaftermovingtoanewcity.答案：adjust;to7．Reading(由……组成)twoprocesses:wordrecognitionandcomprehension.答案：consistsof8．Theheadmasterwrotealettertoher(向……祝贺)hergoodperformanceandtheexcitingcongratulationsencouragedhergreatly.答案：congratulate;on9．Theplanwasmade(他不在时)．答案：intheabsenceofhim10．—NextweekIwillgotoajobinterview.Willyougivemesomesuggestions?—Smilingisagreatwaytomakeyourself(突出).答案：standout1．“组成”的短语①consistof②bemadeupof③becomposedof2．stand的短语①standout突出，显眼②standby支持，旁观③standaside站到一边④standagainst反对⑤standonone'sfeet站起来，自食其力，恢复健康课文原句句式梳理仿写训练1.There'snopointreadingthenewsinEnglishifyou'vealreadywatcheditinyourownlanguage.如果你已经看了母语新闻，再读英语新闻就没有意义了。(P6)There'snopoint(in)doingsth“做某事毫无意义”—we'releavingtomorrowinanycase.现在抱怨毫无意义——不管怎样我们明天都要离开。2.Ifyousawafatherpattinghissononthebackwhilesmilinghappily,whatwouldyouthinkwasgoingon？如果你看到一位父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背部，你认为会发生什么事？(P10)v.＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位Thebranchwhippedbackand.那树枝突然弹回打在我的脸上。答案：1.Thereisnopointcomplainingnow2.hitmeintheface①absencen.缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Ifcoalisheatedtheabsenceofair,coaltar(煤焦油)willbeproduced.②HereturnstotheEnglandteamafteralongabsenceinternationalfootball.③Theteacheriswonderingwhysomanystudentsare(absence)fromclass.答案：①in②from③absent(2)单句写作①Hisfailureliesinhis.他的失败在于心不在焉。②Hisfrequentworkdidn'tgounnoticed.他的频繁旷工还是引起了别人的注意。答案：①absenceofmind②absencefrom(1)absencefrom缺席；离开absenceofmind心不在焉during/inone'sabsence＝during/intheabsenceofsb在某人不在的时候(2)absentadj.缺席的；茫然的；不在场的absent­mindedadj.心不在焉的，健忘的beabsentfrom缺席；不存在；缺少②surroundvt.围绕，环绕(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Somestarsstaycalmbysurroundingthemselvestrustedfriendsandfamilyorbyescapingtoremoteplacesawayfrombigcities.②Someinsectstakeonthecolouroftheir(surround)toprotectthemselves.③The(surround)villageshavebeenabsorbedbythegrowingcity.答案：①with②surroundings③surrounding(2)单句改错①Shewassurroundingbystudentsaskingquestions.②Tomspenttheafternoonhikinginthesurroundhills.答案：①surrounding→surrounded②surround→surrounding(1)surround...with... 用……包围……besurroundedby/with... 被……包围surroundoneselfwith喜欢结交(某类人)，喜欢身边总有……(2)surroundingadj.周围的surroundingsn.环境，周围的事物③ensurevt.保证，确保(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Victory(sure)themagloriousfuture.②Pleaseensurealllightsareswitchedoff.答案：①ensures/ensured②that(2)句型转换Shewouldhavetobeontreatmentforthenextsixmonthstoensurethatshewasfullyrecovered.→Shewouldhavetobeontreatmentforthenextsixmonthstoshewasfullyrecovered.答案：makesurethatensuresth保证……，确保……ensurethat...＝makesurethat...确保，保证……④guaranteevt.保证；担保n.保证；担保(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Andtheotheristoguaranteetheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.②Ifyouyellathim,he'sguaranteed(do)theoppositeofwhatyouwant.③Thecellphonewillberepairedfreewhenitisguaranteewithouthumandamage.答案：①that②todo③under(2)单句写作Goingoutwithfriends(必定会)cheeryouup.答案：isguaranteedto(1)guaranteesbsth保证某人得到某物guaranteesb/sthagainst保证某人/某物免受(伤害、危险等)guaranteetodosth/that...保证做某事guarantee(sb)that...(向某人)保证某事beguaranteedtodosth必定做某事(2)givesbaguaranteethat...向某人担保……(be)underguarantee在保修期内Thereisnoguaranteeof.../that...不能保证……⑤adjustvi.&vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Obviously,studentsareterribleatadjustingtheirsleepcyclestheirdailyschedule.②Wemustadjust(us)tothechangingsocietyunlesswewanttobeleftbehind.③Someschoolswillhavetomake(adjust)inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.答案：①to②ourselves③adjustments(2)句型转换Sinceeverythingdevelops,wehavetomakeanadjustmenttothechangingsituation.→Sinceeverythingdevelops,wehavetothechangingsituation.答案：adjustto(1)adjustto(doing)sth 适应(做)某事，习惯于(做)某事adjust...to...将……调整到……；使……适应……adjustoneselfto(doing)sth使自己适应(做)某事(2)adjustmentn.调整，适应makeanadjustmentto对……做出调整(3)adjustableadj.可以调整的，可以调节的eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)以上短语中的to为介词，其后跟名词、代词、动名词形式作宾语。⑥informvt.通知，告知(P6)(1)单句语法填空①Informstudentstheirfullflightdetails.②IregrettoinformyouIwillnotbeabletomeetyouattheairportontime.③Allthosewhoareimmediatelyinvolvedwillbe(inform)ofthedecision.④Instead,sheorganizedalotofactivitiesintheclasstogetmore(inform)．答案：①of/about②that③informed④information(2)单句改错Beesflyincirclestoinformtheirpartnersfoodordanger.答案：food前加of/about(1)informsbthat...通告/告知某人……informsbof/about...通告/告知某人……informon/againstsb告发/检举某人(2)informedadj.了解情况的，消息灵通的keepsbinformedof随时告知某人/使某人了解……(3)informationn.消息apieceofinformation一条信息⑦congratulatevt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺(P10)(1)单句语法填空①Myunclesentmeacardtocongratulatememyeighteenthbirthdayyesterday.②Ijustknowyou'dbeatrustworthyworker.(congratulate)!③Icongratulated(I)onmygoodfortune.答案：①on②Congratulations③myself(2)句型转换WeofferourcongratulationstoyouonyourpassingtheEntranceCollegeExamination.→WeyourpassingtheEntranceCollegeExamination.答案：congratulateyouon(1)congratulatesbon/upon(doing)sth祝贺某人(做了)某事congratulateoneself(onsth)为自己感到庆幸/幸运(2)congratulationn.祝贺，贺词offer/sendcongratulationstosbonsth因为某事而向某人祝贺Congratulations!恭喜！[易混辨析]congratulate,celebratecongratulate作“祝贺，道贺”讲时，应以被祝贺的人作宾语，用介词on或upon引出祝贺的原因celebrate表示举行仪式、典礼的庆祝，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语⑧negotiatevt.达成协议；顺利通过vi.协商，谈判，交涉(P10)单句语法填空①OurEnglishteacherisnegotiatingwiththeheadmastertheuseofthelibrary.②Wetriedtonegotiatethem,buttheyrefused.③Afree­tradeagreementisunder(negotiate)．答案：①for②with③negotiation(1)negotiatesth协商/商讨某事negotiatewithsbabout/forsth与某人商谈某事negotiateanagreement/acontact商定协议/合同(2)negotiationn.谈判；磋商，洽谈undernegotiation在商谈中⑨embarrassvt.使尴尬，使窘迫，使局促不安；使为难，使陷入困境(P14)(1)单句语法填空①Iwas(embarrass),butIfoughttheurgetorunoffthestage.②Ismiledandflashedbacktothe(embarrass)momentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmasterinformedmeofmyoptiontoskipthesixthgrade.③Toher(embarrass),shecouldn'trememberhisname.答案：①embarrassed②embarrassing③embarrassment(2)单句写作Ihowuntidythehousewas.家里太乱了，我感到难为情。答案：feltembarrassedabout(1)Itembarrassessbtodosth做某事使某人窘迫(2)embarrassedadj.不好意思的，感到不安的beembarrassedtodosth尴尬地做某事feel/beembarrassedat/aboutsth(对)感到为难的，尴尬的embarrassingadj.令人尴尬的(3)embarrassmentn.困窘，难堪toone'sembarrassment让某人感到不好意思/困窘的是①catchon学会；受欢迎；流行起来；(与to连用)理解(P9)(1)单句语法填空①Weshouldpraisethosestudentswhohavelatercaughtandmadeprogress.②Icaughttowhattheguywassaying.③Icaughtaboy(steal)applesfromthegarden.答案：①up②on③stealing(2)单句写作①Cafesfocusedaroundpsychology,history,andengineeringare(开始流行起来)．②Whenyou(看见)ateenagerwearingstrangeclothes,youmaythinkheisjusttryingtocatchyourattention.答案：①catchingon②catchsightofcatchholdof抓住catchup赶上catchupwithsb赶上某人catchsbdoingsth撞见某人做某事catchsightof看见catchone'sattention吸引某人的注意becaughtin陷入，遇到，卷入②onpurpose故意地，有意地(P10)用purpose的相关短语填空①Sheseemstodothesethingsratherthanbychance.②Istilldidn'tunderstandforhisexplanationwasnot.③Theycameheremakingtrouble.答案：①onpurpose②tothepurpose③withthepurposeof(1)forthepurposeof为了……目的withthepurposeof怀有……目的tothepurpose有用的，有益的，有帮助的(2)bychance/accident偶然地，无意(之中)地eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)表示“故意地”同义词或短语：bydesign,intentionally,deliberately。③ontheotherhand另一方面(P10)单句写作①Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievingfinancialindependence;(另一方面),itcouldjustputyouindebt.②(一方面)theyhelptoimprovemywritingskillsandbroadenmyhorizons;ontheotherhand,theycanenrichmylifeandprovidemewithgreatfun.③Idon'twanttobuyit,(一则)Idon'tlikethecolor,and(另一则)thepriceistoohigh.答案：①ontheotherhand②Ontheonehand③foronething;foranotherthingontheonehand...ontheother(hand)...常表达相矛盾的两方面；foronething...,foranother(thing)...陈述的两方面情况相一致。①[教材原句]Itwaspredictedasearlyasthe1700sthatEnglishwouldonedaybethegloballanguageandthathasprovedtobethecaseinthelastfewdecades.早在十八世纪，人们就预言总有一天英语会成为全球性语言，并且在过去的几十年里已被证明是正确的。(P6)(1)句型转换①Peoplehopethatthenewcoachwillbeabletopullthefootballteamtogether.→thenewcoachwillbeabletopullthefootballteamtogether.②Itissaidthattheoldcoinshadbeenburiedundertheearthforabout100yearsbythetimetheywerediscovered.→Theoldcoinsundertheearthforabout100yearsbythetimetheywerediscovered.答案：①Itishopedthat②aresaidtohavebeenburied(2)单句写作①nextyearwewillhaveagoodharvest.据预测，明年将是一个丰收年。②itwillturnfinetomorrow.人们期望明天天会转晴。答案：①Itispredictedthat②Itisexpectedthat(1)Itwaspredictedthat...表示“据预测……”，在该句型中，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。(2)英语中，在不便或不必指明某看法、说法或消息的来源时，往往使用“Itis＋过去分词＋that从句”句型进行转述。It'ssaidthat...据说……It'sthoughtthat...人们认为……It'ssuggestedthat...人们建议……It'sbelievedthat...人们相信……It'shopedthat...人们希望……It'sexpectedthat...预期……/人们期望(3)上面句式还可以转化为：主语＋be＋done＋不定式。其中不定式为主语的补语，该不定式根据所指的时间可出现一般式、进行式或者完成式。Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.＝Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.②[教材原句]Butsadly,thechancesthatwewillallhavetheopportunitytoliveinanEnglish­speakingcountryaresmall.但遗憾的是，我们都生活在一个讲英语的国家的可能性很小。(P6)(1)单句语法填空①IhavenoideaoneIshouldbuy.②Theorderweshouldsendafewpeopletohelpthemwasreceivedyesterday.③Thequestionshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.答案：①which②that③who(2)单句改错①Thenewswhichwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.②Thisisouronlyrequestthatthisproblemsettledassoonaspossible.③Thereissomedoubtthatwecanfinishtheworkontime.答案：①which→that②settled前加(should)be③that→whether(1)句中that引导同位语从句，用来对chances作解释。chances在此处意为“可能性”。that引导同位语从句时，只在从句中起连接作用，不作任何成分，也没有语意，但不能省略。(2)同位语从句常跟在某些抽象名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。常见的该类名词有：fact,idea,reason,thought,plan,doubt,news,hope,belief等。(3)同位语从句的引导词有：that/whether在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用，whether意为“是否”；who/which/what/when/where/why/how在从句中既充当成分，又有语意。eq\a\vs4\al(特别提醒)在表示“命令、要求、建议”的某些名词(如demand,order,suggestion,request等)后接的同位语从句中要用“(should＋)do”表示虚拟语气。③[教材原句]Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput,whetheritisspeakingorwriting.不管是说还是写，高质量的输入确保高质量的输出。(P6)单句语法填空①Oncewewerelefttodecidewhether(have)apicnicinaparkorgotoamuseum.②thesecretarywillbefiredornotisatthemercyofherboss.③Andourbehaviouralresponsetoangerisdifferentfromourresponsetootheremotions,whetherpositivenegative.答案：①tohave②Whether③or本句是一个复合句，whether...or...引导让步状语从句，表示“不管……还是……”。另外它还可以引导名词性从句。(1)当只有两种相对的选择时，用whether...or...引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……还是……”。(2)whether...or...作为连词，whether后面可以加动词不定式，表示选择。(3)“whetherornot”；“whether...ornot”表示“是否……；无论是……或……”的意思。④[教材原句]Thirdly,yousaythatthereisadiscountprovidedthatIpayinadvance.第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。(P12)单句语法填空①(provide)thatthereisanydemand,Iwouldbeveryhappytohelp.②Theyagreedtoprovideinformationonconditiontheirnameswouldnotbeusedinthearticle.答案：①Provided/Providing②that(1)句中含有连词providedthat引导的条件状语从句，意思为“如果，倘若”。(2)providedthat也可以换为providingthat。(3)类似的连词有supposing/suppose(that),given(that),assuming(that)。(4)可以引导条件状语从句的类似表达还有：aslongas(只要),onconditionthat(如果，在……条件下)。根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Asispredicted,Englishhasbeenthe1(globe)language,astheinternationalcompaniesgrowand2(communicate)advance.Beingabletospeakmorethanonelanguagecanmakeyoustandout.However,it'sdifficulttolearnEnglishinthe3(absent)ofanativelanguageenvironment.Somostofushavetorely4whatwecanlearnatschoolaspartoftheschoolcurriculum,which5(courage)teacherstocreatearichlanguageenvironmentintheclassroom.Qualityinputensuresqualityoutput,6itisspeakingorwriting.Buttoreallygetahead,youneedtodoextraworkoutsideoftheclassroom.Expertsgivesome7(suggest).Settingachievabletargets;listeningtoanEnglishsongafterreadingthewords.8(read)newsinEnglishafterwatchingitinyourownlanguage;watchingyourfavoriteDVDs;studyingwithyourfriendsandrewardingyourself.These9(recommend)areeasytoachieveandwellworththeextraeffort.Tostaydedicated,youneedtokeepinmind10youarelearningEnglish.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.答案：1.munications3.absence4.on5.encourages6.whether7.suggestions8.Reading9.recommendations10.whyⅠ.单句语法填空1．It'soften(say)thathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.答案：said这里是固定句型“itis＋动词的过去分词＋that从句”。2．(provide)thatwegetgoodweather,itwillbeapleasantholiday.答案：Provided/Providing这里是连词providing/providedthat“倘若”引导条件状语从句。3．Jenniferishavingahardtimegettingaccustomedtonew(surround)inAustralia.答案：surroundings由设空前的形容词new可知，应填所给词的名词形式，结合句意，指“环境”，故填surroundings。4．Iensuredour(safe)bylockingthedoor.答案：safetyensuresth，结合设空前的our可知，应用名词作宾语。5．Bothradioandtelevisionkeepus(inform)ofthenewsoftheday,instructusinmanyfieldsofinterest,andentertainuswithsinging,dancingandacting.答案：informedkeepsbinformedofsth“让某人了解某事”。6．Thereisnodoubthewillcomehereagain.答案：that设空处引导同位语从句修饰doubt，对其内容进行具体说明，且doubt前有否定词，故填that。也可将其视为固定句式Thereisnodoubtthat“毫无疑问……”。7．Icongratulated(I)onnarrowescape.答案：myself主语与宾语指同一人，形成互指，故用反身代词。短语congratulateoneselfonsth“为自己感到庆幸；感到幸运”。8．Sinceeverybodyisclear,thereisnopoint(discuss)thequestionanyfurther.答案：discussing这里是句型thereisnopoint(in)doingsth“做某事没有意义”。9．Thegovernmenthastonegotiatetheoppositionpartyonthenewregulations,whichwillcomeintoeffectnextmonth.答案：withnegotiatewithsbonsth“与……洽谈……”。10．Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.答案：bytakesb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。故填by。Ⅱ.单句写作1．Iwillcome,(倘若)Iaminvited.答案：providing/providedthat2．Theyhavenoideaatall(他去了哪个地方)．答案：whichplacehehasgoneto3．Asweallknow,.众所周知，生气是没有用的。答案：thereisnopoint(in)gettingangry4．祝贺你升职！(congratulation)答案：Congratulationstoyouonyourpromotion！/Congratulateyouonyourpromotion!5．然而，克隆技术对人类有帮助还是有害，将来会把我们引向何方，科学家们对此依然不清楚。答案：However,scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.Ⅲ.语法填空TheHezhenisoneofthesmallestminoritiesinChina.EarlyHezhenpeopledevelopedmethods1producingclothes,beddingandthreadoutoffishskin.Butovertime,therehasbeenalossofHezhenculture,including2(make)clothingfromtheskinoffish.Besides,fewyoungHezhenwantedtolearntheskill.Fish­skinclothingisalsonot3Hezhenpeopleweartoday.Knowingthis,YouWenfeng,anow68­year­oldwoman,startedtoshareherknowledgewithlocalHanChinesewomeninthe1990s.HerfollowersalsolearntheYimakan,4kindofstorytellingthatusesbothspeechesandsongsintheHezhenlanguage.TheyalsomemorizesongssungbytheHezhenpeople.Forenvironmental5(protect),YouWenfenghasdecidedtobuyfishfromthemarketanduseaspecialsewingtoolandcottonthread.Thefirststepistoremovethefish'sskin6(cautious)anddryit.Theskinisthenrepeatedlypassedthroughwooden“teeth”tosoftenit.Theprocesstakesamonth,andsewingitthenrequiresabouttwenty7(many)days.Sofar,fishleather8(inspire)somehigh­endclothingdesignhouses,includingDiorandPrada,touseitintheirclothes.Butthematerial9(be)stillnotcommon.In2006,HezhenfishskinclothingwaslistedbyChinaasintangibleculturalheritage(非物质文化遗产),whichmeansaspecialeffortismade10(preserve)thetradition.1．2.3.4.5．6.7.8.9．10.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了赫哲人过去常常用鱼皮制作衣服、被褥和线等物品的传统。然而这个传统正在消失，尤文凤决定传承并推广这种鱼皮制作技艺以及赫哲人的文化。1．for/of考查介词。此处表示赫哲人用鱼皮制作衣服、被褥和线等物品的方法。methodof/fordoingsth意为“做某事的方法”，故填for/of。2．making考查非谓语动词。including意为“包括”，是介词，此处作介词“including”的宾语，应用动名词。故填making。3．what考查表语从句的连接词。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中充当宾语，此处表示“赫哲人今天穿着的衣服”。故填what。4．a考查冠词。akindof“一种……”，固定搭配。故填a。5．protection考查词性转换。根据设空处前面的形容词environmental可知，设空处要用protect的名词protection。故填protection。6．cautiously考查词性转换。根据设空前的“toremovethefish'sskin”可知，此处应填副词来修饰动词remove，故填cautiously。7．more考查限定词。此处表示“这个过程需要一个月的时间，然后将其缝合起来再需要20天左右”。more在这里意为“更多的”。故填more。8．hasinspired考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据本句中的“Sofar”可知，此处时态应用现在完成时，且主语是“fishleather”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故填hasinspired。9．is考查主谓一致和动词的时态。主语“thematerial”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数；同时此处表示目前的状态。故填is。10．topreserve考查非谓语动词。makeaspecialefforttodosth意为“努力去做某事”。故填topreserve。Ⅳ.短文改错Asmythirdyearofhighschoollifehascome,Ifeltalittlestressful,becauseIwanttoenterabettercollege,andmyscoresworryme.Ihavemademymindtostudyharder.Firstly,Ineedtoimprovingmyweaksubjects.Idecidetogoovertheimportantknowledgesandaskmyclassmatesforhelp.MygoodfriendLilyisverypatient.Withherhelp,Iwillmakeagreatprogress.Secondly,theexampapershandouteverytime,Iwillscanmymistakesandmakesurewhattomakethemright.Finally,Iwillmakefullyuseofmysparetime.Ibelievetheaimwillmakeyoustronger.答案：Asmythirdyearofhighschoollifehascome,Ieq\o(felt,\s\do8(①feel))alittlestressful,becauseIwanttoenterabettercollege,eq\o(and,\s\do8(②but))myscoresworryme.Ihavemadeeq\o(∧,\s\do8(③up))mymindtostudyharder.Firstly,Ineedtoeq\o(improving,\s\do8(④improve))myweaksubjects.Idecidetogoovertheimportanteq\o(knowledges,\s\do8(⑤knowledge))andaskmyclassmatesforhelp.MygoodfriendLilyisverypatient.Withherhelp,Iwillmakeeq\o(eq\o(a,＼),\s\do9(⑥))greatprogress.Secondly,theexampaperseq\o(hand,\s\do8(⑦handed))outeverytime,Iwillscanmymistakesandmakesureeq\o(what,\s\do8(⑧how))tomakethemright.Finally,Iwillmakeeq\o(fully,\s\do8(⑨full))useofmysparetime.Ibelievetheaimwillmakeeq\o(you,\s\do8(⑩me))stronger.1．felt→feel考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处作者是在描述自己的情绪，应用一般现在时，故将felt改为feel。2．and→but考查连词。根据句意可知，Iwanttoenterabettercollege和myscoresworryme之间是转折关系，而不是并列关系，故将and改为but。3．made后加up考查固定搭配。根据句意可知，makeupone'smindtodosth意为“下定决心做……”，故在made后加up。4．improving→improve考查动词不定式。needtodo是固定用法，故将improving改为improve。5．knowledges→knowledge考查名词。knowledge是不可数名词，故将knowledges改为knowledge。6．去掉a考查名词。makegreatprogress意为“取得巨大进步”，其中progress是不可数名词，故将make后的a去掉。7．hand→handed考查过去分词。handout在此处是过去分词作后置定语，修饰theexampapers，且handout和theexampapers是被动关系，故将hand改为handed。8．what→how考查疑问代词。makethem是动宾结构，疑问代词what在“疑问代词＋todo”结构中作宾语，此处what重复，应改为how。9．fully→full考查形容词。makefulluseof意为“充分利用”，故将fully改为full。10．you→me考查人称代词。you指代错误，故将you改为me。课时作业Ⅰ.完形填空(2021·全国乙卷)Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa1justafewweeksago.Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent2ofgratitude(感谢).Mythoughtsweresoon3.Wehadawomanpatientwhowas4fromakneereplacementoperation.Oneafternoon,while5togetintobedshecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwas6discoveredtobeaheartattack.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,7theemergencymedicalteamandgoodteamwork.Butsherecovered,though8，andwasreadyfordischarge(出院)afterfourweeks.Shewas9foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher10atherrecovery.Asshewas11shewaseagertosay12toeachofusinthenursingteam.Whenshe13onenurse,shetriedtopressafive­poundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague14toacceptit,sayingthatwewerealljust15ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen16：“Ohthisisn'tforthe17Ihad.Itakethatasa18.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.”Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,19livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisan20andshouldberewarded.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。有时，仅仅一句感谢并不足以表达我们的感激之情。作者认为倘若我们掌握了一系列表达不同等级感谢的词，那这个难题就迎刃而解了。1．A.cleaner B．chemistC．nurse D．doctor答案：C根据下文“Whenshe13onenurse...Mycolleague14toacceptit”可推断，作者是一名护士。cleaner“清洁工”；chemist“化学家，药剂师”；nurse“护士”；doctor“医生”。故选C。2．A.grades B．meaningsC．needs D．expectations答案：A根据语境可知，我们如果会使用一系列表达不同等级的感谢的词，就可以尽情表达我们内心的感谢了。grade“等级”；meaning“含义”；need“需要”；expectation“期望，预料”。故选A。3．A.brushedasideB．puttothetestC．broughtunderdiscussionD．takenintoaccount答案：B根据下文女患者对护士的做法可知，作者的想法很快经受了检验。brushaside“漠视”；puttothetest“经受考验，经受检验”；bringunderdiscussion“讨论”；take