高考英语二轮复习重难点突破练习题型七 概要写作（含解析）

题型七概要写作目录TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解读 1二、命题分析预测 1三、析考情·题型突破 1四、链高考·探究 3五、考法解题能力提升 6六、精选考点题型专练 11Writing1 11Writing2（生活感悟） 13Writing3（健康） 14Writing4（环保） 16Writing5 18Writing6 19Writing7 21Writing8 22一、考情解读提供一篇350词以内的阅读材料,要求考生根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。二、命题分析预测根据这两次高考题的命题难度和区分度可知,未来高考英语对该题型的考查仍将以议论文、说明文为主,主题语境仍将涉及"人与社会"或"人与自我"。聚焦核心素养1.语言能力:综合运用语言知识创新、恰当地进行表达。2.思维品质:分析推断文章的逻辑,梳理、概括信息,进行创新思维表达。三、析考情·题型突破一考情概况1.题型介绍。概要写作是近几年高考英语的新题型。写作的第二节是读后续写或概要写作,从2016年10月到2021年1月,浙江的9次高考英语中有两次考查概要写作,分别是2018年11月和2019年6月的考试。2.命题规律(1)概要写作的语篇通常是议论文或说明文。这类语篇的主题比较明显,段落结构清晰,段内句群间逻辑关系紧密连贯。预计未来几年高考概要写作的选材还将是议论文或说明文,但难度会稳中有升。(2)不排除阅读材料为记叙文的可能性。如此一来,试题的难度将会增加,对考生的梳理、归纳和总结能力要求更高。(3)阅读材料一般不超过5段,词数控制在350以内。(4)议论文、说明文的段落结构通常是:提出问题/描述现象→分析利弊→提出解决方法→提供例证/回归主题/深化主题/提出应该注意的事项。(5)段内句群间的逻辑关系通常是因果关系、转折关系等。总之,在一篇文章中,段落与段落之间、段内句群之间都会呈现"起承转合"的行文逻辑关系。考生如果能把握各段落的组织结构和段内句群间的逻辑关系,就能轻松地辨别主要信息和支撑性细节信息,从而准确地抓住段落要点。二命题特点概要写作是一个融阅读理解和书面表达于一体的题型,既考查考生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键信息的能力,又考查考生用简洁的语言表达文章主旨的能力以及把握文章整体结构的能力。考生在写概要时,不要抄袭文章的原句,也不要把细节性信息当成重点,而要对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换,对文章的具体信息进行概括,再用恰当的语言表述出来。具体来说,该题型主要考查考生以下几个方面的能力:1.区分主要信息和次要信息的能力;2.对句群之间的逻辑关系和段落结构的把握能力;3.分析推断逻辑关系、梳理及概括细节信息的能力;4.通过整合手段进行思维创新和表达创新的能力;5.运用同义词、近义词、反义词或语法结构及修辞手段进行语义转换的能力。三评分原则概要写作的评分原则可简要概括为以下几个方面:1.词数少于40或多于80的,从总分中减去2分;2.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;3.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;4.上下文的连贯性;5.对各要点表达的独立性情况;6.拼写、标点符号的准确性;7.书写和卷面情况。四失误总结考生在概要写作中常出现的失误有以下四个方面:1.要点提炼不准确。主次信息混淆,不清楚原文作者的写作意图。2.表述的逻辑不清晰。内容没有条理,行文没有衔接,不能呈现连贯性。3.照抄原文句子。不能进行有效的语句转换,同一单词的重现率较高。作文中若出现两句以上整句摘自原文的现象,作文将会被直接定为第三档(11—15分)甚至更低档。4.单词拼写错误较多,时态、语态出错率较高。四、链高考·探究Writing1阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.第一段为整个语篇的"起",⑤表达了作者的真实意图,即本段的主旨"Toomuchpraisecanmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk."。①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

第二段为第一段的"转",指出另一个极端的危害"Notgivingenoughpraisecanbedamaging."。①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.④"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."

第三段为前两段的"承",也是整个语篇的"合",提出了作者的观点"It'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.",即"Praiseshouldbefocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome."。①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

第四段为第三段的"承",用例子支撑作者的观点。本段主题句是④。写作指导Para.1①作本段的"起",描述现象;②作"承",引入专家的观点;③作"承",分析出现该现象的原因;④作"转",引出作者的观点;⑤作第一段的"合",指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文内容的"起",指出不要走向另一个极端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈现出因果关系。幻灯片18Para.3①作前两段的"承",也作本段的"起",起过渡作用;②是对上一句的回答,引出专家的观点;③是对上一句的进一步解释;④引用了专家的说法;⑤作本段的"合",与②相呼应。Para.4①作上一段的"承"和本段例证的"起";②作上一句的"转",呈现作者的真实意图;③作前两句的"承",进一步说明作者的观点;④作本段的"合",进行总结,回归主题。【命题分析】本篇阅读材料是一篇典型的议论文。文章指出,父母对孩子的表扬要专注于孩子的努力过程而不是结果,其语言难度适中,表现出很好的区分度,体现了高考"立德树人、服务选拔、导向教学"的命题原则。具体特点归纳如下:1.语篇结构特征:描描述表扬孩子的现象→两个极端→正确的表扬→用例子支撑论点这种行文结构是考生非常熟悉的议论文的语篇结构,易于被广大考生理解,体现了高考的基础性和公平性原则。2.段内句群之间呈现出严谨的因果关系和转折关系等,考生应注意理顺这些逻辑关系。3.每一段都有长难句(画线部分),考生只有抓住关键信息、充分运用语言能力,才能理解这些句子。【思路点拨】写概要时,首先要注意每段的主题句和关键词,通过词汇替换、句式转变等多种方式改写要点,注意一定要用自己的语言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加衔接词,使各要点之间的衔接更顺畅;最后要注意单词拼写不要出现错误,也要注意大小写和标点符号,同时还要注意控制词数,不要少于40或多于80。本文的要点可以归纳如下:要点1,如今,父母总是给孩子相当多的赞扬,希望建立他们的自信心,但是这可能会产生相反的效果;要点2,父母对孩子表扬不够同样有损孩子的自信心;要点3,专家认为,父母应该因为努力过程而赞扬孩子,而不是因为事情的结果;要点4,孩子如果很努力,确实值得被赞扬。总之,父母给孩子的赞扬的多少取决于孩子的努力程度。【参考范文】Nowadays,parentstendtoofferconsiderablepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtobuildtheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.(要点一)However,notenoughpraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtochildren'sself-confidence.(要点二)Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.(要点三)Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheymakegreateffort.Anyway,theamountofpraiseparentsgiveshoulddependonhowhardtheirkidswork.(要点四)五、考法解题能力提升一解题步骤1.浏览原文,弄清文体,根据段首句和段尾句预测段落内容甚至整个语篇内容,把握语篇主旨和结构。2.细读原文每一个段落,把握段落大意,归纳段落要点。3.最大限度地替换要点句子中的关键词汇,调整句子结构,尽量使各个要点句子转换成全新的表达。4.使用恰当的衔接词把各个要点句子整合成逻辑关系清晰、内容有条理、连贯通顺的短文,要注意,各个要点句子要有相对的独立性。二写作注意事项1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写主要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。3.注意要点之间的衔接,要用恰当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。4.不排斥用原文的某些词汇或词块,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语表达,至少要对原文句子做一些同义词替换,如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。5.核查词数,看是否符合规定的词数要求。写作技法1牢记写作流程,酿造极优作文写作技法2巧用衔接词语,尽显严密逻辑正确使用衔接词语,使所写的概要结构紧凑、逻辑清晰、语意连贯。1.并列aswellas也both...and...……和……都notonly...butalso...不仅……而且……2.递进besides除……之外furthermore此外moreover而且what'smore更为重要的是moreimportantly更重要的是tomakemattersworse=what'sworse=worsestill更糟糕的是3.对比和转折but但是instead反而while而however/nevertheless然而otherwise否则unlike与……不同onthecontrary与此相反comparedto与……相比incontrastto与……形成对比ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……4.因果therefore/consequently/asaresult因此becauseof/asaresultof/onaccountof/dueto因为thanksto/owingto由于5.目的inorderto/soasto为了sothat/inorderthat为了forthepurposeof为了6.强调especially特别particularly特别indeed确实notatall根本不orrather确切地说7.顺序first/second/third首先/第二/第三firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally首先/第二/第三/最后tostartwith/next/inaddition/finally首先/然后/此外/最后firstofall/besides/lastbutnotleast首先/此外/最后但同样重要的是8.总结inshort/inbrief/insummary总之tosumup/tosummarize总之allinall总的说来onthewhole总的说来写作技法3读首句析尾句,构织语境画面我们在归纳段落要点之前,通常需要快速浏览整篇文章,掌握其主旨和语篇结构。所给阅读材料通常格式规范,结构清晰,因此,我们通过阅读第一段的首句和最后一段的尾句便能大致明白该语篇的主旨;然后寻读每一段的首句和尾句,尝试预测每一段的主旨;再观察段落之间的组织方式,了解该语篇的文脉。这样,我们就能在大脑中构织出语境的初步画面。比如2019年6月浙江高考的概要写作阅读材料,第一段的首句是"Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids",最后一段的尾句是"Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相称的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit",由这两句话可知,这篇文章的主旨是父母表扬孩子要依据孩子努力的程度。然后我们可根据每一段的首句和尾句判断出各段的主旨。写作技法4善找转折词汇,主旨要点映眼前表示转折的词后面的内容,或者含有though,although,while等引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句的主句通常是句子的主旨要点,也是作者真实的写作意图。比如2018年11月浙江高考的概要写作阅读材料,第二段最后一句"Infact...andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!",本句的主旨要点是but后面的"ifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!"。再如最后一段的尾句"Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend","Whilevisiting...visit"是让步状语从句,该句的主旨要点是主句的内容。写作技法5巧妙变换表达,替换关键词语写概要时,考生要用自己的语言进行表达,可以通过同义转换、词性转换、句式转换、正话反说、反话正说等技巧替换原文中的一些关键词语。具体替换方法如下:1.同义转换(1)近义词替换原词NeverwillChenYuforgethisfirstjobasajournalist.→ChenYuwillalwaysrememberhisfirstjobasareporter.

(2)单词替换短语①Clearingawaydirtisgoodforhealth.

→Clearingawaydirtbenefitshealth.②Withmuchofthepublic'sattention,starssufferfromgreatpressure.

→Livinginthepublicgaze,starsfacegreatpressure.(3)概括词替换具体词ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofReader'sDigestandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.

→Shebroughthomesomebooksandmagazines.

2.词性转换(1)动词转换为名词Hefailedtopassthedrugtest,andthebosshadtodismisshimfromhisjob.→Hisfailureofpassingthedrugtestresultedinhisjobdismissal.(2)形容词转换为名词Yourskinwillbeburntifyouareexposedtothesuntoolong.→Toolongexposuretothesunwillharmyourskin.(3)形容词(短语)转换为动词(短语)Readingcannotonlymakeyourelaxedbutalsobegoodforyourmind.

→Readingcannotonlyrelaxyourbodybutalsodogoodtoyourmind.

3.句式转换(1)主被动语态的相互转换Twoexperimentswerecarriedoutbyapsychologist.

→Apsychologistperformedtwoexperiments.(2)特殊句式与正常语序的相互转换Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformation.

→Youwillobtainalltheinformationifyouaskmanydifferentquestions.

(3)从句之间的相互转换Heconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.

→Hisconclusionisthatpeoplearenotequippedwiththeabilitytofeelothers'observation.

(4)从句压缩、转换①状语从句转换为介词短语Whenhearrives,pleasesendmeane-mail.

→Onhisarrival,pleasesendmeane-mail.

②条件状语从句转换为非谓语结构Ifeverythingisconsidered,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

→Everythingtakenintoconsideration,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

4.正话反说(1)Iquiteagreewithyou.→Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.

(2)Hishometownisthemostbeautifulplace.

→Noplaceismorebeautifulthanhishometown.

5.反话正说(1)Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.→Withadvertising,itwillbeveryeasyforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.(2)Themostimportantstepistofillintheapplicationformwithoutanyfalseinformation.

→It'sessentialtofillintheapplicationformcorrectly.六、精选考点题型专练Writing1阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowoneforworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthepeoplearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmoods,ourcareerprospects(前景)andevenourhealth.Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldmakethemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodsandstatesofmind,andforvarioustypesoftreatmentswhenweareill.Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseentorepresentcreativityandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeaparticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertaincolors"speak"tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhenyoudecidewhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavy-blueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpression—onyourselfandonothers?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】本文属于说明文,文章主要说明了颜色对我们生活多方面的影响。第一段的主要点是"anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmoods,ourcareerprospects(前景)andevenourhealth",由此可知,专家们认为我们选择的颜色会影响我们的心情、职业前景甚至健康。可以概括为"Someexpertsclaimthatthecolorschosenbyusaffectourmoods,careersandhealth."。第二段的主要点是"Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize",由此可知,颜色对我们的影响比我们大多数人意识到的要大得多;次要点是"Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapists...whenweareill",由此可知,色彩也被用于医疗。综合主、次要点信息可知,色彩对我们的影响比我们大多数人意识到的要大,并且它现在还用于医疗。可以概括为"Theeffectofcolorisgreaterthanexpectedanditisnowusedformedicalcare."。第三段的主要点是"Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts",次要点是"Companieshavefoundcertaincolors‘speak’tospecificagegroups",由此可知,本段讲述的是公司将颜色应用于促销,以吸引不同年龄段的人。可以概括为"Companiesapplycolortosalespromotiontoappealtodifferentagegroups."。第四段的主要点是"Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou",第五段的主要点是"thinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse",次要点是"makingtherightimpression"。这两段都是讲衣服颜色的重要性,可以合并为一个要点:因为衣服的颜色会影响我们的感受和别人对我们的反应,所以我们穿什么很重要。可以概括为"Asthecolorofourclothescanaffectourfeelingsandothers’reactionstous,whatwewearmatters."。第二段讲述色彩可用于医疗,第三段讲述色彩还可以用于商品促销,所以可用also,moreover,what’smore或inaddition等衔接第二句与第三句。【参考范文】Someexpertsclaimthatthecolorschosenbyusaffectourmoods,careersandhealth.(要点1)Theeffectofcolorisgreaterthanexpectedanditisnowusedformedicalcare.(要点2)Also,companiesapplycolortosalespromotiontoappealtodifferentagegroups.(要点3)Asthecolorofourclothescanaffectourfeelingsandothers’reactionstous,whatwewearmatters.(要点4)Writing2（生活感悟）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeinginahurry.However,it’sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlivesataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.Themainreasonthatconvincesustoopposedoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwronginarush.Whenpeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry,theycan’tmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretitlater.Asthesayinggoes,"Hastemakeswaste."Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessquickly.Weshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Forexample,takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakingaplane.However,takingatrainmakespeoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnewfriends.Besides,itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary,beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlife.Finally,aslowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionforus.Asisknowntoall,takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinahurry,theywillbecomealoserandthatannoysthem.Butbeinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally.Accordingtosomestudies,peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases,tendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthanthosewhoselifeistense,eveniftheformerfinishworkmoreslowlythanthelatter.Inshort,workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymoreadvanced.Yet,muchstresscan’tbringenjoyment,friendsandhealth,whicharemuchmoreimportantthanmoneyandothermaterialadvantages.Therefore,takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作指导】(1)抓住主要论点,理清论证关系。材料为议论文,第一段就提出了文章的论点,即人们要放慢生活节奏;第二、三、四段分析了要放慢节奏的原因;第五段总结全文,再次强调论点。(2)研读核心信息,合理处理论据。论据是让论点更易被人接受的支持性事实材料。所给材料中的第二、三、四段举了一些例子,分析了放慢节奏的好处。因而,在进行概要写作的时候,我们需要对论据进行适当的安排与处理。(3)确立语篇主题,合理重组结构。材料第一段首先表明了文章的中心论点,即"Despitebeingaccustomedtothefastpaceinmodernsociety,peoplearerecommendedtoleadaslowerlife"(要点1);第二段论述了要放慢节奏的原因之一,即"Slowingdownlowersthepossibilityofcommittingerrorsbycomprehensivethinking"(要点2);第三段论述了要放慢节奏的原因之二,即"Moreopportunitiestoenjoylifeareallowedbyaslowerpace"(要点3);第四段论述了要放慢节奏的原因之三,即"Betterhealthconditionisalsowhataslowerlifebrings"(要点4);第五段总结全篇,即"Liveaslowerlifefromnowon"(要点5)。通过以上分析,我们可以发现材料的论述结构:提出论点(要点1)——论据论证(要点2—4)——总结全篇(要点5)。在概要写作的时候,我们必须首先确定采取何种表达顺序来完成对材料中心的表述。【参考范文】Despitebeingaccustomedtothefastpaceinmodernsociety,peoplearerecommendedtoleadaslowerlife.(要点1)Firstly,slowingdownlowersthepossibilityofcommittingerrorsbycomprehensivethinking.(要点2)Secondly,moreopportunitiestoenjoylifeareallowedbyaslowerpace.(要点3)Lastly,betterhealthconditionisalsowhataslowerlifebrings.(要点4)Therefore,let’sliveaslowerlifefromnowon.(要点5)Writing3（健康）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Ashumans,we’reallcompletelydifferent.Sothereisn’taone-size-fits-allanswertobeingyourhealthiestself.Instead,youhavetohavetheabilitytoworkoutwhat’sthegreatestonyourbody.Andthatisatalltimesgoingtodependuponthingsthathaveaneffectonyoupersonally,togetherwiththelifestylethatyouchoose.Whatplaysthemostimportantroleiswhatyoudailyeat.Naturaltransfats(反式脂肪)arepresentinsmallquantitiesinmilkproductsandmeats,andconsumingfat-freeorlow-fatmilkproductsandmeatswillcutbackthequantitiesofpuretransfatstakeninfromthesefoods.Becausequantitiesofnaturaltransfatsinmilkproductsandmeatsarereallysmallandthesefoodscanbeessentialsourcesofvitamins,thesefoodsdonotneedtoberemovedfromthefoodplan.Anothermethodthatyoucouldhelpyourbodyistobeabitmorelively.Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus.However,it’ssimpletounderestimate(低估)itsgood.Forexample,wecanoftenseethatmanypeoplequitexercisinghalfwaybecausetheysimplycan’ttoleratethedifficultythatexercisebringsthem.Actually,itiseasytohavetheintentiontotakeupexercisebutitisverychallengingtocarryitonuntilyoucanseethepositiveeffectthatexercisebringsyou.Howhealthyyouareisindicatedbythelevelofasubstanceinyourbloodreferredtoashomocysteine(高半胱氨酸).Keepingyourhomocysteinelevellow,indicatingthatyou’llbeabletorapidlyadaptandrespondtolife’sstresses,isthethirdsecretof100percenthealth.Alowhomocysteinelevelmeansasmallerriskofheartattacks,mentalillnessandmanyotherhealthissues.Tobalanceyourbloodsugar,eatfewerfast-releasingmeals(sweets,cakesandbiscuits)andmoreslow-releasingfoods(fruitandvegetables,wholegrainfoods).Additionally,youmusteatslowlyratherthanjustswallow.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【文章大意】Paragraph1:作为人类,我们完全不同。因此,就如何成为最健康的人,没有一个万能的答案。这取决于对你个人有影响的事物以及你选择的生活方式。Paragraph2:影响健康最重要的因素是你的日常饮食。奶制品和肉类中存在少量的天然的反式脂肪,而这些食物是维生素的重要来源,因此无须把它们排除在你的饮食计划之外。Paragraph3:保持健康的另一种方式是让你的身体更加活跃一些。锻炼对我们有好处,但其好处很容易被低估。许多人会因不能忍受锻炼的困难而半途而废。事实上,有意进行锻炼很容易,但要坚持锻炼直到看到锻炼带来的积极影响很困难。Paragraph4:血液中高半胱氨酸的水平表明了你的健康程度。保持低水平的高半胱氨酸意味着你可以快速适应生活压力并作出反应,并且可以降低一些疾病发生的风险。【参考范文】There’snofixedanswertobeingthehealthiest—thingsaffectingyoupersonallyandyourlifechoicesbothmatter.(要点1)Therefore,tostayhealthy,youmustpayattentiontoyourdailydietbutneedn’texcludefoodscontainingnaturaltransfats.(要点2)Additionally,takingexerciseisnecessarybutyoumuststicktoittoenjoythebenefits.(要点3)Moreover,keepingalowhomocysteinelevelisalsoagoodway,whichcanhelpyoudealwithstressesandreducetheriskofhealthproblems.(要点4)Writing4（环保）阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Inthedeepestdiveinamannedsubmersible(潜艇),USexplorerVictorVescovospottedandvideo-recordedaplasticbagandapileofcandywrappersontheseabed.Hisdiscoveryofplasticwaste11.2kilometersbelowsealevelintheChallengerDeepinthePacificOcean,thedeepestknownpointintheEarth’soceans,meansthereisnowhereonthisplanetplasticwastecannotreach,asithasbeenfoundonMountQomolangmaandinbothArcticandAntarcticwaters.Sincethepatent(专利)forplasticswasregisteredin1907,8.3billiontonsofplasticproductshavealreadybeenproduced,ofwhich6.3billionhavebeengottenridofwithoutbeingprocessed.Mostoftheabandonedplasticproductsendupintheocean.InthePacificOcean,plasticgarbageandotherwastehavealreadyformedanisland,whichis1.6millionsquarekilometersinsize.Itisestimatedthatthetotalweightofplasticwastewillreach12billiontonsby2050,morethanthetotalweightofoceanicfish.Plasticwastekillslifeintheoceansandonthelandalikebyfillingintheirstomachssotheycannoteat,orwindingitselfaroundtheirbodiessotheycannotbreathe.ItpollutestheEarthandpreventsplants’rootsfromdiggingdeepintotheground.Plasticmicro-particles(微颗粒)alsojointhewatercycleandenterthebodiesofanimalsandevenhumans.Ashumansareatthetopofthefoodchain,plasticmicro-particlesbuildupinsideourbodies.Wanttodosomethingtochangethesituation?Don’tgetplasticbagsatthesupermarketbuttakeyourownreusableoneinstead.Giveupfastdeliverylunchesandcookorgototherestaurantinstead.Getintothehabitofsortingyourgarbage.Butit’seasiersaidthandone.Environmentalistshavebeencallingforbehavioralchangesforatleastthreedecades,yetwecontinuetouseagrowingamountofplasticproducts.Maybewecanhopeanewenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialisusedinthefuture,butfornowatleast,unlesswecontrolitsuse,plasticisgoingtocontinuetogeteverywhere.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【文章大意】Paragraph1:塑料垃圾已经到达地球的每一个角落,包括海洋的最深处、珠穆朗玛峰及南北极海域。Paragraph2:自1907年塑料专利注册以来,大量塑料制品被生产出来,且大多数的塑料垃圾最终都流入了海洋。据估计,到2050年塑料垃圾的总重量将达到120亿吨,超过了海洋鱼类的总重量。Paragraph3:塑料垃圾杀死了海洋和陆地生物,污染了地球,而且塑料微颗粒在动物甚至人类体内积聚。Paragraph4:要改变这种现状,我们应该使用可重复使用的袋子,不点外卖而是自己做饭或外出就餐,并养成垃圾分类的习惯。尽管这说起来容易做起来难,但是我们必须改变我们的行为来减少塑料的使用。【参考范文】PlasticwastehasreachedeverycorneroftheEarth,includingthedeepestpointintheocean,thehighestmountainandpolarregions.(要点1)Anditwillcontinuetogrowrapidly,mostofwhicheventuallyflowsintotheoceans.(要点2)Plasticwastekillssealifeandlandlife.Itpoisonstheground,anditsmicro-particlesaccumulateinthebodiesofanimals,evenhumans.(要点3)Inspiteofdifficulty,changesinactionmustbemadetocutdownplasticuse.(要点4)Writing5阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校园)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顾问),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【写作思路】核心内容:本文是一篇说明文。在申请大学之前,最好能够先去了解即将报考的大学的相关情况,特别是你家附近的大学,可以去里面走一走,如果时间和钱不允许,也可以上网查询相关情况。写作分析:(1)抓住主旨,理清结构关系。原文第一段提出了主题,即在申请大学之前去参观一下是一个很好的主意;第二、三、四段讲述了具体的措施。(2)确立语篇主题,合理重组结构。原文第一段首先表明了文章的中心,可概括为"You’dbettersparethetimetovisitcampusestoexamineallaspectsofyourdreamcollegestoensureabrilliantcollegelife,evenifitmaybecostly"(要点1);第二段交代了了解大学的方式之一,可概括为"Ifyoulivenearby,besuretocheckitoutbeforeyouapply"(要点2);第三段交代了了解大学的方式之二,可概括为"Evenaftersubmittingapplications,avisitcanhelpavoidmuchtrouble"(要点3);第四段交代了了解大学的方式之三,可概括为"VisitingtheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive,ifit’simpossibletoseeforyourselfforlackoftimeandmo