2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修一Unit5Revealing nature学案

2023-2024学年度外研版选择性必修一Unit5Revealingnature学案eq\a\vs4\al(分类背单词)Ⅰ.“妙记”简单词汇1．seedn． 种子，籽2．samplen. 样本3．finchn. 雀科鸣禽4．beakn. 鸟嘴，喙5．blamev. 责怪，指责；把……归咎于6．goatn. 山羊7．giantadj. 巨大的，特大的8．spinen. (动植物的)刺，刺毛9．mythn. (古代的)神话10．legendn. 传说，传奇(故事)11．waspn. 黄蜂12．rootn. 根13．chillin. 辣椒14．linkv. 把……联系起来；连接Ⅱ.“勤回首”易忘词汇1．disgracen. 丢脸，耻辱2．suspectv. 猜想，怀疑，觉得3．ancestorn. (动物的)原种，祖先4．declinev. 减少5．tortoisen. 陆龟6．primitiveadj. 原始的，低等的7．worldwideadv. 遍及全世界8．mangroven. 红树(一种热带树木，生于水中或水边，并从树枝上长出新根须)9．comb－likeadj. 梳状的10．pesticiden. 杀虫剂，农药11．fungusn. 真菌(复数fungi)12．fungaladj. 真菌的13．cybercrimen. 网络犯罪14．centimetren. 厘米Ⅲ.“辨清用准”形变词汇1．distantadj.遥远的→distancen．距离；远处2．geologyn．地质学；地质→geologistn．地质学家3．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化(论)；演变4．generatev．产生，创造→generationn．一代；产生；(统称)一代人5．charactern．性格，品质，特征；人物，角色→characteristicn．特征，特性6．detectv．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detectionn．发现，察觉，侦察Ⅳ.“归类串记”族群词汇1．“责备”一词多表达①blamevt.指责；责备②chargevt.控告；指责③accusevt.控告；谴责④scoldvt.责骂⑤condemnvt.谴责；声讨2．de－开头动词勤积累①decline下降，减少②depress使沮丧③delight使高兴④debate辩论，争论⑤decrease减少，减小⑥determine决心⑦declare宣布，宣告3．－ant结尾形容词大比拼①distant遥远的②abundant丰富的③brilliant杰出的④constant不变的⑤elegant优美的⑥tolerant宽容的⑦ignorant无知的eq\a\vs4\al(联想积词块)Ⅰ.再认再现单元内词块1．answer_the_call_ 响应号召2．be_a_disgrace_ 是耻辱，是丢脸的事3．date_back_to 追溯到4．over_time 随着时间的逝去5．of_all_time 一直；始终；有史以来6．be_crowded_with 挤满7．be_similar_to 和……相似8．adapt_to 适合；适应9．a_variety_of 各种各样的10．be_blamed_on 归咎于11．be_native_to 源于……的，原产于……12．so_far 到目前为止Ⅱ.类比串记单元外词块1．无被动语态短语多总结datebackto 追溯到breakout 爆发belongto 属于consistof 由……组成cometrue 变成现实takeplace 发生2．“充满……”短语大观园becrowdedwith 充满；挤满beheavywith 充满befilledwith 被……充满befullof 充满fillup 充满；填满eq\a\vs4\al(熟背好句好段)Ⅰ.背好句——一句点亮篇1．while引导的状语从句教材原句WhiletheInternetisaworldwidenetworkofcomputerslinkedbycablesandsatellites,thewoodwidewebislinkedundergroundbyfungi.互联网是通过电缆和卫星连接的全球计算机网络，而植物万维网则是在地下通过真菌连接而成的。推荐佳句①(新教材北师大版必修2佳句)WhiletheInternetcanbringpeopleclosertogether,itcanalsoharmfriendships.虽然互联网可以让人们更亲近，但它也会损害友谊。②(新教材人教版选择性必修3佳句)Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.尽管他的绘画仍是宗教主题，但展示了真实环境中的真实人物。③(新教材译林版选择性必修2佳句)WhileAIenthusiastspromiseusabrightfuturewhereintelligentrobotswillbeworkingtoouradvantage,theseundoubtedbenefitsalsobringconcernsandfears.AI的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利，但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。2．theway＋定语从句教材原句Scientistsarelearningmoreeverydayaboutthesecretwaysinwhichplantstalktoeachother.科学家们每天都在增进对植物间相互沟通的秘密方式的了解。推荐佳句①(2022·浙江6月高考写作)Iwillneverforgetthewaytheylookedatmewhentheyweregivenfood.我永远不会忘记当他们得到食物时他们看着我的样子。②(2022·全国甲卷)Thewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.你拿筷子的方式很重要，以免惹恼你的同伴。③(新教材人教版选择性必修1佳句)Wordsareimportant,butthewaypeoplestand,holdtheirarms,andmovetheirhandscanalsogiveusinformationabouttheirfeelings.话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。Ⅱ.背好段——细节见功夫情感表达之“愤怒”Myinnerangerwaslikeagrowingmonster,uncontrollablydrivingmetotheedgeofmadness.BeforeIrealizedit,Iwassobbinginmysister'sroom,withbulletsofwordsfiringthroughmymouth,expressingmylong－burieddissatisfactiontowardsherabsencefrommysnowshovelingexperiences.ThehouseseemedtobeholdingitsbreathwhenIstoppedmyaccusation,stillweeping.我内心的愤怒就像一个不断增长的怪物，不受控制地把我逼到了疯狂的边缘。在我意识到它之前，我正在姐姐的房间里抽泣，像子弹一样的话语从我的口中射出，表达着藏在我心里很久的对她缺席我铲雪经历的不满。当我停止控诉仍然在哭泣时，整座房子似乎都在屏住呼吸。[点评]本段中使用了“likeagrowingmonster”与“withbulletsofwordsfiringthroughmymouth”两处比喻的修辞手法和“uncontrollablydrivingmetotheedgeofmadness”夸张的修辞手法，形象地刻画了作者内心极大的愤怒。常用的描写人物愤怒的词汇有：anger,annoy,irritate,furious,withanger,beangrywithsb.等。

Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Thesnailsarenolargerthanonecentimetre(厘米)across.2．Thepolicesuspected(怀疑)himofhavingtakenthemoney.3．Seenfromtheair,theGreatWalllookslikeagiant(巨大的)dragon.4．Theseeds(种子，籽)weresprayedoverthegroundinlargequantitiesbyplanes.5．Roadaccidentshavebeenonthedecline(下降)sincethenewtrafficlawwasintroduced.6．It'sreportedthatthenumberofchildreninchildlaborhasrisento160millionworldwide(遍及全世界)．7．Sheworeasurgicalmaskandrubbergloveswhilesheworkedwiththesesamples(样品)．8．Manyspecieshavedivergedfromasingleancestor(祖先)．9．Primitive(原始的)humansneededtobeabletoreactlikethistoescapefromdangerousanimals.10．Legend(传说)hasitthatthelakewasformedbythetearsofagod.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．Theword“radar”meansradiodetection(detect)andranging.2．Asgeologists(geology),weworkinthefieldmostofthetime.3．Idon'tthinkthatcryingisa“weakness”characteristic(character)ofthefemale.4．Nowadays,theproblemsofgeneration(generate)gapbecomemoreandmoreserious.5．Solongasyoukeeptrying,whatseemstobeadistant(distance)dreamcanbecomeareality.6．Within30years,humanscouldbedebatingwhethertotakechargeoftheirownevolution(evolve)．7.It'sadisgracethattheyarepaidsolittleafterfinishingsotoughwork.8.Moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationoftheendangeredspeciesinthewildisonthedecline.9.Theimagecreationisdeeprootedinthesociallifeandnationalculture.10.Whetherpollutionisdirectlylinkedto/withthediseaseisunderdebate.Ⅲ.选词填空becrowdedwith,ofalltime,overtime,adaptto,besimilarto,benativeto,avarietyof,beblamedon,datebackto,sofar1．Ithinkthemostusefulinventionof_all_timeisInternet.2．Thebuswas_crowded_withpassengersgoinghomefrommarket.3．IttookHelenmorethanhalfayeartoadapt_tothelifeinthatAfricancountry.4．Theyoffera_variety_ofactivitiestoexciteyourkid'sinterest.5．Theisland'slandscapeis_similar_toHawaii's,whichattractsmoreandmoretouristseveryyear.6．Thefailureoftheexperimentcannotbe_blamed_onhimalone.7．Thepandais_native_toChina，whichlikeseatingbamboosverymuch.8．Withwonderfulteachersandfriendlyschoolmatesaround,I'vebeenenjoyingmystudyso_far.9．Over_time,_thebestoftheseflowersmighthavebeenselectedandtheseedsmorecarefullypreserved.10．TheDoubleNinthFestivaldating_back_toalongtimeagoisthedayfortheelderlyinourculture.Ⅳ.多维表达(按要求完成句子)1．(完成句子)虽然我承认存在问题，但我并不同意问题无法解决。(while)While_I_admit_that_there_are_problems,_Idon'tagreethattheycannotbesolved.2．(完成句子)是你的鼓励和耐心激发了我对这门学科的兴趣。(强调句型)It_was_your_encouragement_and_patience_thatinspiredmewithinterestinthissubject.3．(一句多译)如今，计算机已经改变了我们的工作和娱乐方式。①Nowadays,computershavechangedthewayof_working_and_playing.(简单句)②Nowadays,computershavechangedthewaythat_we_work_and_play.(定语从句)4．WhenIfinishedfilmstudies,Ipursuedmycareerasanactress.(用not...until...句型升级)→Ididn't_pursuemycareerasanactressuntil_I_finishedfilmstudies.5．Thewriterforgottohavehislunchbecausehewasabsorbedinhiswriting.(用sothat句型升级)→Thewriterwas_absorbed_in_his_writing_so_that_he_forgot_to_have_his_lunch.1．suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得n.嫌疑人adj.可疑的；不可信的suspectthat... 怀疑/猜想……suspectsb./sth. 怀疑某人/某事suspectsb.of(doing)sth. 怀疑某人(做了)某事suspectsb.tobe... 怀疑某人是……，猜想某人是……[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/完成句子/句型转换)①Thepolicesuspectedhimofholdingoutonimportantinformationtothecase.②Judgingfromhisnervousexpression,Isuspectedhimto_be(be)athief.③I_suspected_thattherewassomethingwrongwiththeengine.我怀疑发动机出了故障。④Hesuspectedthathisneighbourstolehismoney.→Hesuspectedhis_neighbour_of_stealing_his_money.2．declinen．&v.减少，下降(1)decline(todo)sth. 拒绝(做)某事declineto/by... 减少到/减少了……(2)indecline＝onthedecline＝fall/gointo(a)decline在衰退/减少/下降asharpdeclinein... 在……方面的急剧下降[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/完成句子)①Astheeconomywasindecline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.②Thepopulationinthecountryisonthedeclineduetosomereasons.③Howardhasdeclinedto_come(come)andinthatcasewecanasksomebodyelse.④Otherresearchershavearguedtherearedecadestogobeforeoilproductiongoes/falls_into_(a)_decline.其他研究人员认为，石油产量在走向衰退之前，还有几十年的上升空间。⑤Peoplecanexpectsoftwareerrorratestodecline_to10to15percentinanotherfewyears.人们可以期望，再过几年，软件错误率可以降至10%至15%。⑥Sofar,thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshas_declined_by30percent.直径超过两英尺的树木数量到现在为止已经减少了30%。[名师指津](1)表示“增加”或“减少”的幅度常用介词by，后面常跟百分数；表示“增加到”或“减少到”常用介词to，后面常跟具体数字。(2)表示“减少，下降”的词或短语还有：decrease,lessen,reduce,dropoff；表示“拒绝”的词或短语还有：refuse,reject,turndown。3．blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n.责备；指责(1)blamesb.for... 因……而责备某人blamesth.onsb. 把某事归咎于某人betoblame(for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备(2)lay/put/placetheblameforsth.onsb. 将某事归咎于某人taketheblame(for) 应(为……)承担责任/受责备[演绎法练通](1)单句语法填空①(2021·全国甲卷)It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblameforgettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.②Youshouldn'tputtheblameonothers.Youshouldreflectonyourownaction.③Thejudgeblamedtheaccidentonthedrunkendriverofthecar.④Thelargefactorylinkedtotheriveris_blamed(blame)forthepollutionherebyexperts.(2)一句多译诚实地说，李华应该为这次冲突负责。⑤Tobehonest,LiHuashouldbe_to_blame_fortheconflict.(blamev．)⑥Honestlyspeaking,LiHuashouldtake_the_blame_fortheconflict.(blamen．)eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])(1)sb.betoblame在形式上是主动的，但表示被动的意义，可译为“某人应受责备”。(2)使用被动语态时，blame常用于短语beblamedbysb.“被某人责备”；beblamedfor“因……而被责备”。4．linkv．把……联系起来；连接n.联系；连接；关系，纽带；链接(单句语法填空/同义句转换)①Thestudyfurtherstrengthenstheevidencelinkingsmokingwith/tolungcancer.②Mostscientistsacceptthatclimatechangeislinked(link)tocarbonemissions.③TheChannelTunnellinksBritainwiththerestofEurope.→TheChannelTunnellinks_Britain_and_the_rest_of_Europe.[归纳法记牢]link...to/with...＝link...and... 把……和……连接/联系起来linkup(withsb./sth.) (与某人/某物)连接；连接(计算机、广播系统等)belinkedto 和……有联系5．answerthecall响应号召answerthephone/acall 接听电话answerthedoor 开门，应门answercriticism/charges/accusation 就批评/指控/谴责等作出回应answeraneed 满足需求answeradescription 与描述相符[演绎法练通](完成句子)①Charlesputasidehisnewspaperandgotuptoanswer_the_door.查尔斯放下报纸，站起身去开门。②Theestatewasbuilttoanswer_a_needforlow－costhousing.这片住宅区是为满足对低成本住房的需求而建的。③Theyoungmananswered_the_callandjoinedthearmytodefendhiscountry.这个年轻人响应号召，参军保卫祖国。6．benativeto源于……的，原产于……(单句语法填空/完成句子)①Asanativeofanart,wemustattachimportancetotheinheritanceanddevelopmentoftraditionalpaintings.②Itiswell－knownthatWolongNatureReserveisnativetopandas.③Thehorseis_not_native_to_America—itwasintroducedbytheSpanish.这种马并不是美国本土的——它是从西班牙引进的。[归纳法记牢]one'snativelanguage＝one'smothertongue 本族语，本国语，母语anativeof 出生于……的人；原产于……的动植物7．becrowdedwith堆满，挤满acrowdof/crowdsof... 一大群……，很多……follow/gowiththecrowd 随大溜，附和大众crowdin(onsb.) 涌上(心头)，涌入(脑海)crowdintoone'smind 涌上某人的心头crowdinto... 大批涌入(狭小的空间)[演绎法练通](单句语法填空/完成句子)①WeallcrowdedintoherofficetosingHappyBirthday.②Thecenterofthecarhadafewemptyseatswhilebothendswerecrowded(crowd)withpeoplestanding.③A_thought_crowded_into_his_mindthatbuildinganotherexpresswaycouldsolvetheproblem.他突然有了一个想法：建设另一条高速公路就能解决问题。8．adaptto适合，适应(to为介词)adaptoneselfto 使自己适应adapt...todo... 调整……以做……adapt...from... 根据……改写/改编……adapt...for... 改编……为……用[演绎法练通](1)单句语法填空/替换黑体词汇①WhentheymovedtoChina,thechildrenadaptedeasilytoliving(live)innewplaces.②Adapted(adapt)fromJ．K.Rowling'sbookseriesofthesametitle,the“HarryPotter”moviesareuniversallyacknowledgedasclassics.③Thefamousexpertadaptedhisspeechto_suit(suit)theinterestsofhisaudience.④Third－culturekidsmaynotbeabletoadjustthemselvescompletelytotheirnewsurroundingsasexpected.adapt(2)句式升级⑤Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,ifitwasadaptedfortelevision,wouldbeahit.→Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,if_adapted_for_television,_wouldbeahit.(用省略句升级)1．while引导的状语从句(1)while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时，在……期间”，从句常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。(2)while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，比though或although语气弱。(3)while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。(4)while引导的状语从句可用省略形式，while相当于when。先学通(通过题点训练把握用法规则)(完成句子)①While_we_were_visiting_the_art_exhibition,_wediscussedthegreatartists'works.我们参观艺术展时讨论了这些伟大艺术家们的作品。②While_the_Internet_is_of_great_help,_Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.虽然互联网有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多时间在互联网上不是一个好主意。再写美(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)③人们可以一边吃月饼一边赏月，月饼是这个节日的特殊食品。People_can_enjoy_the_moon_while_eating_mooncakes,_whicharethespecialfoodforthisfestival.④一些人浪费食物，而其他人却吃不饱。Somepeoplewastefoodwhile_others_haven't_enough.2．theway＋定语从句(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接inwhich或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词inwhich或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作方式状语。(2)way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或ofdoingsth.形式。先学通(通过题点训练把握用法规则)(完成句子)①Ithinkyouhurthispridebylaughingattheway(that/in_which)_he_speaks_English.我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。②Thewaythat/which_came_up_at_the_meetingwasunpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。再写美(通过句子仿写做到运用自如)③这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？Is_this_the_way_(which/that)_you_can_imagine_to_reduce/of_reducing_air_pollution?④使我吃惊的不是他说的内容而是他说话的方式。What_surprised_me_was_not_what_he_said_but_the_way_(that/in_which)_he_said_it.1．赏用词之美Itwasayoungmanwhohadleftmedicalschoolwithoutcompletinghisdegree.What'smore,hehadrecentlyreceivedaletterfromhisfatherpredictingthathewouldbe“adisgracetoyourselfandallyourfamily”.Despiteallthis,hisadventuresonthisshipwouldleadtooneofthemostimportantscientificdiscoveriesofalltime.赏析：文中作者使用了adisgrace，表明了达尔文的父亲对达尔文辍学去冒险的极力反对。该词语与最后一句中的“themostimportant”形成对比，说明达尔文当初决定去冒险是对的，正是他的坚定决心才有了他后来的巨大成就。2．赏修辞之美Thishappenswhenaplant,sayabeanplant,getsattackedbyinsects.Theplantreleasestinyamountsofchemicalsfromtheleavesthatarebeingeaten.Thisislikeawarning,oracallforhelp:“I'mbeingattacked！”赏析：句中作者使用了直接引语，采用了拟人的修辞手法，形象地说明了植物利用化学物质进行交流的现象，使描述更生动形象，更利于表达作者鲜明的感情色彩，增强语言的亲切感。(完成句子)①It_is_our_choices_thatshowwhatwetrulyare,farmorethanourabilities.决定我们一生的，不是我们的能力，而是我们的选择。②Iwasveryhappyandcouldhear_the_birds_singing_in_the_woods.我很高兴，能听到鸟儿在树林里唱歌。(一)用本单元知识完成下列语段主题语境——共同保护生物多样性InternationalDayforBiologicalDiversityison22nd,Mayeveryyear.NowIamwritingto①appeal_to_you_to_answer_the_call(呼吁你们响应号召)toprotectcreaturesintheworld.Asweknowfromthisyear'sInternationalDayforBiologicalDiversity,thepopulationofrareplantsandanimalsworldwideis②on_the_decline/in_decline(在减少),whichhasraised(用本单元词汇替换黑体词：③generated)growingconcern.Itiswehumanbeingsthat④are_to_blame(应负责任).⑤While_our_existence_is_closely_linked_with_environment(虽然我们的生存与环境息息相关；while引导的状语从句),we'restilltryingtodevelopeconomyattheexpenseoftheenvironment.Inthelongrun,themostimportantway⑥(that/in_which)_we_can_protect_endangered_creatures(我们保护濒危生物；定语从句)istoraiseourawarenessofcreaturesprotectionandmakeeveryefforttoprotecttheirlivingenvironment.Ihopewecanliveinharmonywithcreatures.(二)根据提示，续写语段阅读下面短文，根据所给提示进行续写。Oneyear,anewspaperpublishedanannouncementthatthehorticulturalinstituteofferedarewardatahighpriceforthepurewhitemarigold(金盏花)．Thehighrewardattractedsomanypeople，butaftertheywereexcitedforatime,manypeoplehadforgottentheannouncement.Occasionally,anoldwomanwhowasaflowerloverreadtheannouncementinthenewspaper.Shewaseagertotry.Buthereightchildrenstronglyopposedherdecision.Afterall,awomanwhoneverknewtheseedgenetics(遗传学)couldn'tcompletewhattheexpertscouldneverachieve.Still,theoldwomandidn'tchangehermind.Sheplantedsomeofthemostcommonseedsandtookgoodcareofthem.Ayearlater,whenthemarigoldcameout,shechosethefaintestonefromthosegoldenandbrownflowersandgotthebestseed.Thenextyear,sheagaingrewthemandchose...(请结合上文提示和所给开头语，续写一个80词左右的结尾，并给出故事体现的人生道理。)Dayafterday,yearafteryear,throughmanyseasons，参考范文：Dayafterday,yearafteryear,throughmanyseasons,theoldwoman'shusbanddied,andherchildrenflewfar,butonlythewishtogrowthepurewhitemarigoldtookrootinherheart.Finally,after20years,inthegardenshesawapurewhitemarigold,whichwasnotnearlywhite,butaswhiteassilverorsnow.Aproblemevenscientistscouldn'tdealwithwassolvedbyanoldwomanwhodidn'tunderstandgenetics.Wasitmagic?Totakerootintheheart,eventhemostcommonseedcangrowintoamiracle!课时作业(一)主题阅读集群训练(限时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·齐齐哈尔高三模拟)Therearemanyecosystemsthataretrulysufferingfromdegradation(退化).Thesolutionisthattheycanberestoredbyre－introducingseveralanimalspecies.TheUnitedNationsfundedastudythatshowsthatifyouintroduce20specificlargemammalsyoucansuccessfullyrestorealotoftheplanet.Somerolesthatspeciesplayintheenvironmentarecritical,sothelossofanyofthesecanharmtheworld.Sothatmeansthatontheotherhand,re－introducingaspeciescanproducepositiveresults.Whenafewwolveswerere－introducedtoYellowstoneParkisoneofthemostcitedexamples.Thereisnodoubtthatthere－introducedwolvesdidrestoretheecosystem.Dr.Carly,ascientist,alongwithherteam,wasabletoidentify13herbivores(食草动物)and7predators(食肉动物)thatifre－introduced,couldhelprestorealotofwhatwe'vedestroyedinnature.Onespeciescanbenefititsenvironmentinadramaticway,helpingcreatemoresoilinsectsandworms.Theteamcomparedenvironmentsfrom500yearsagotoconditionsofmodernenvironmentstoknowhowtravelandtheindustrialrevolutionhaveinfluencedtheplanet.Andatlasttheyfiguredoutthatonly16%oftheworldstillhasundamagedwildmammalcommunitiesandjust6%lookssimilartowhatitlookedlikepre－1500.Theysuggestedthata54%expansioninterritoryhometoundamagedmammalcommunitiescaneasilybeaccomplished,especiallyinSouthAmericaandnorthernareasofAfrica.InEurope,re－introducingbeaver,bison,wolf,andreindeercouldreallymakeadramaticimpact.However,justwolvesandwildhorsescouldmakeadifferencetoAsia.“Ourrecommendationsmaynotbesuitableeverywhereintheworld—localassessmentswilljudgeifhuntingpressuresorthelackofadequatepreysmeanotherissuesneedaddressingbeforereintroducingthem.However,ourfindingsshowtherearehugeareasoftheworldthatcouldbesuitableforlargemammalrestorationifotherfactorsaremanaged，”saidDr.Carly.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项研究结果表明重新引进消失的动物有助于生态系统的恢复，但是重新引进消失的物种可能并不适用于世界各地，所以在引进之前需要评估当地潜在的环境。1．WhatroledidthewolvesplayinYellowstonePark?A．Protectingnaturefrombeingdestroyed.B．Keepingthebalanceoftheecosystem.C．Creatingbettersoilforotheranimals.D．Attractingmorevisitstothefamouspark.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，黄石公园重新引进狼保持了生态系统的平衡。2．Whydidtheteamcompareenvironmentsindifferentperiods?A．Tofindoutsomesuitablelargemammals.B．Tofindouttheundamagedpartoftheplanet.C．Tosummarizetheinfluenceofhuman'sactivities.D．Tofindoutthenatureoftheundamagedenvironment.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，研究人员研究五百年前至今的环境变化，其目的是找出剩下的未被破坏的动物栖息地。3．WhatanimalcouldprobablyrestorelargepartsofAsia?A．Reindeer. B．Bison.C．Wolf. D．Beaver.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第五段中的最后一句可知，引进狼和野马会对亚洲的生态系统有积极的影响。4．Whatisadvisedtodobeforeanimalsarere－introduced?A．Makealawtobanhunting.B．Providesufficientfoodforthem.C．Solveotherenvironmentalproblems.D．Assessthepotentialsurroundings.解析：选D推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，重新引进消失的物种时要评估当地潜在的环境。B(2023·重庆高三模拟)Record－breakingheatwavesseenacrosstheworldthissummeraresettorepeatthemselvesduetohuman－causedclimatechange—evenifwereachednetzerotoday.ThesummerhassetthousandsofnewtemperaturerecordsacrosstheUnitedStatesalone,accordingtodatafromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)．Themechanisms(机制)behindtheseheatwavesmayvarybyregion,but,aswiththe“heatdome(热穹顶)”thatbroketemperaturerecordsinthePacificnorthwestin2021,airpressuresystemsarekey.“Partly,it'sthelarge－scaleweatherpatterns，”saidCraigClements,professoratSanJoséStateUniversity.“HereintheCaliforniaBayArea,wehavethishighpressureridge(高压脊),whichisabigbuildupofair,andthatairtendstobestill.Thus,there'snoseabreezethatusuallycoolsoffSanFrancisco,andthatreallyistriggeringtheextensiveheat.Wecanjustcontinuetoheatitwiththesun'sinputbecausethere'snocloudcover.”It'snaturalfortheseairpressuresystemstochangeovertime.OntheWestcoastoftheUS,lowpressuresystemsbringrainandcoolertemperaturesduetoairfromthenorth,withhighpressuresystemsfollowingbehind.However,Clementsnotesthatthese_weather_patternsarebecomingmorepronouncedandlastinglonger.They'realsobecomingless“natural”．“Atthisstage,the‘naturalcycle’nolongerapplies.”saidChrisE.Forest,aprofessoratPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.“Acrosstheglobe,thelikelihoodofbreakingweatherextremesisdirectlyrelatedtotheimpactofclimatechangerelatedtomultiplecauses,butprimarily,increasingheat－trappinggaseslikeCO2andchangesinlandscapeandlandcover.”BrianHoskins,aprofessorattheUniversityofReadingintheUK,echoedthepoint.“Weknowofnonaturalcyclesthatwouldleadtosuchrecords，”hesaid.“Iconsiderthatitisvirtuallyimpossiblethattheywouldhavehappenedwithouthuman－causedclimatechange.”Inthelongterm,evenifwegottonetzeroemissionstoday,itwilltakethenext30to50yearsuntilwestarttosee“stabilized”globaltemperaturesandthefutureextremeswillbeworsenedbyeachdegreeofwarming.eq\x(语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了热浪等极端天气的出现及成因。)5．Whatdoweknowaboutthemechanismsbehindheatwaves?A．Theyshowlittleregionaldifferences.B．Theheatdomein2021createdthem.C．Theywerecontrolledbythesun'sinput.D．Airpressuresystemsarecriticaltothem.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第三段可知，虽然这些热浪背后的机制可能因地区而异，但气压系统是关键，由此可知，气压系统对热浪背后的机制至关重要。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“theseweatherpatterns”inParagraph6referto?A．TheweatherpatternsuniquetotheUS.B．Theweatherpatternsfollowingnature'srules.C．Theweatherpatternscontributingtoheatwaves.D．Theweatherpatternswithlowpressuresystems.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第一段和第四段中“Partly,it'sthelarge－scaleweatherpatterns...”可知，文章主要介绍了热浪这种极端天气，第四段和第五段分析了造成热浪的天气模式，由此可知，第六段中“theseweatherpatterns”指的是造成热浪的天气模式。7．WhatdoChrisE.ForestandBrianHoskinsbothagreewith?A．Moreextremeweathersaretocome.B．Climateproblemsarehardtoaddress.C．Humansaretoblamefortheheatwaves.D．Causesofheatwavesaretobedetermined.解析：选C推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，ChrisE.Forest认为，引起热浪等极端天气的主要原因是二氧化碳等吸热气体的增加，而二氧化碳等吸热气体的增加是由人类引起的；根据倒数第二段可知，BrianHoskins也认为热浪等极端天气是由人类造成的，由此可知，ChrisE.Forest和BrianHoskins都同意热浪应该归咎于人类。8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thearrivalofanunnaturalcycle.B．Theroleofhumanactivities.C．Theunpredictabilityofanaturaldisaster.D．Theeffectsofextremeheatwaves.解析：选A主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段和倒数第四段可知，本文主要介绍了热浪等极端天气，而这些天气正变得越来越明显，持续时间也越来越长，带来了非自然的循环。“Thearrivalofanunnaturalcycle”意为“非自然循环的到来”，选项A能够概括文章主要内容。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2023·武汉高三模拟)Thebenefitsofoutdoorplayarefairlywell－understoodbyparents.__9__.Asamothertothreeenergeticchildrenwhospendconsiderableamountsoftimeoutdoors,Ihavefiguredoutsomegoodwaystomaximizeoutdoorplaytime.I'dliketosharesomeofmyadvicewithreaderswhomightbestrugglingwiththis.__10__.Ifyoustartviewingdailyoutdoorplayasbeingasimportantasamealoragoodnight'ssleep,you'llstarttofindmoretimeforit.Thinkofitasnonnegotiable;noextrathingsshouldhappenuntiloutdoorplaytimehasbeencheckedoffthelist.Replaceorganizedactivitieswithunorganizedones.Insteadofpackingyourafter－schoolcalendarwithsportstrainingandinterestclasses,cancelthoseforatleastseveraltimesaweekandjusttellyourkidstheycanplayoutsideinstead.__11__.Mandate(强制规定)outdoorfamilytimeonweekends.Myfamilygoescross－countryskiingeverysingleSaturdaymorninginwinter.__12__，evenwhenthetemperaturedropsto－20℃.Thistimeisfiercelyprotectedbecauseofthebenefitsithasforallofus—exercise,freshair,satisfactionandfamilybonding.Gooutdoorswithyourkids.Ifyougooutside,youngeronesinparticularwillwanttobethere,too.Makeitfunbylightingacampfireinthebackyardorsettingupacampstovetomakehotchocolate.Oryoucanhaveapicnicorworkinagardentogether.__13__；youcanbepresentwithoutbeingengaged.A．WeneverskipitB．StartthinkingofitasanecessityC．WeadjusttheskiingroutineaccordinglyD．ListspecialactivitiesforoutdoorplaytimeE．TheseunexpectedarrangementswillsurelyexciteyourkidsF．YoucanevenjustsitandreadabookwhileyourkidsplaynearbyG．However,it'shardformanyparentstofitoutdoorplaytimeintotheirkids'days语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于父母应该如何增加孩子们的户外活动时间的建议。9．选G根据上文可知，户外玩耍有益处。根据下文可知，想出了一些好的方法来最大化户外玩耍的时间。因此空格处应说上文提到的事情对有的父母来说很难做到，然后作者才接下来说建议，G项“然而，许多家长很难在孩子的日子里安排户外玩耍时间”承上启下，符合语境。10．选B空格处是本段的主题句。根据下文可知，如果你开始把每天的户外活动看成和一顿饭或一晚好的睡眠一样重要，你就会开始找到更多的时间来进行户外活动。因此本段主要讲的是要把户外活动看作是必需的，B项“开始把它当作一种必需”概括了本段内容，可作为主题句。11．选E根据上文可知，与其把你的课余时间安排在运动训练和兴趣课上，不如每周至少取消几次，告诉你的孩子他们可以去外面玩。E项“这些意想不到的安排一定会让你的孩子兴奋不已”对上文事情进行评价，且其中“unexpectedarrangements”和前面的“cancelthoseforatleastseveraltimesaweekandjusttellyourkidstheycanplayoutsideinstead”相呼应。12．选A根据上文可知，冬天的每个星期六早上，我们全家都会去越野滑雪。根据下文可知，即使气温降至零下20℃，作者一家人也从来没有停止过这个活动，A项“我们从不忽略它”承上启下，符合语境。13．选F根据下文可知，你可以做你自己的事情，孩子们玩自己的。F项“你甚至可以坐着看书，而你的孩子在附近玩耍”引起下文，符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空(2023·青岛高三模拟)Whenstormcloudsgather,andthewindhowlsinanger,thenaturalreactionformostpeopleistoseekshelter.Butsomeruntowardsthe__14__.PhotographerLiuYijingisoneofthatraretype,ashecapturesand__15__nature'sanger.Forthepastyear,Liu,21,hastravelledabout24,000kilometersacross11provincial－leveladministrativeregionsinChina,chasing(追赶)and__16__thunderstorms.Fromthefirst__17__—asmallwinddevelopingintoastrongwind,aviolentsky,andbirdsfleeing—he__18__whatappearstobea__19__task.Liuhasreceivedagreatdealof__20__forhiswork.Hisphotoscapturedacompletesupercellstructure,atypeofthunderstormwhich__21__intheInnerMongoliaautonomousregiononAug22.Thisimagehasbeen__22__asthecoverphotofortheMayeditionofAdvancesinAtmosphericSciences,akeypublicationinitsfield.“Itisatypicalsupercella