微生物的特性英文版(properties of microbes)

1.PropertiesofmicrobesandbiologicalmoleculesBioreactorFundamentalsAdditionalresourcesPrescott,Harley,andKlein.Microbiology,5thedition.McGraw-Hill2002Madigan,Martinko,andParker.BrockBiologyofMicroorganisms,10thed.Prentice-Hall2003BaileyandOllis.BiochemicalEngineeringFundamentals,2nded.McGraw-Hill1986ShulerandKargi.BioprocessEngineering:BasicConcepts,2nded.Prentice-Hall,2002Lee.BiochemicalEnginering,eBookversion2.1/eBioChE2001ProcaryoticcellstructureSlayer=proteinlayerthatprotectscellfromviruses,lyticenzymes,lowpH,andcancontributetocelladhesionEucaryoticcellstructureAlgaeFungiYeastsPlantMammalianFunctionsofEucaryoticorganellesNameFunctionPlasmamembraneMechanicalcellboundary,selectivelypermeablebarrierwithtransportsystemsEndoplasmicreticulumProteinsynthesis(rough)Lipidsynthesis(smooth)MitochondriaEnergyproductionviaTCAcycle&respirationNucleusLocationofDNAaschromosomesGolgicomplexProteinmodificationviaglycosylationLysosomeIntracellulardigestionVacuoleFooddigestion,osmoticregulation,wastestorageChloroplastChlorophyllforphotosynthesisCentralDogmaofBiologyDNA

RNAProteintranscriptiontranslationProcesscontrol:Induction&RepressionaffecttranscriptionInhibition&activationactonenzymedirectlyreplicationCatalyticprotein=enzymeDNA–proteintemplate(nucleoid)BasepairsequencerepresentsageneticcodethatcorrespondstoaparticularproteinARISvideoPHRCh11DNAstructureGeneticcodeFromDNAsequencetouniqueproteinProteinsynthesisattheribosomemessengerRNA–carriescodetransferRNA–transfersaminoacidstoribosomeribosomalRNA–workbenchforproteinsynthesisARISvideoPHKChapter11ProteinsynthesisProteinsStructureofaminoacidsExploitpKvaluesforproteinseparationsviaionchromatographyEnzyme=catalyticproteinARISPHKCh8HowenzymesworkEnzymestructurePrimary=aminoacidsequenceSecondary=H-bondsbetweenN-HandC=OTertiary=Covalent,ionic,orH-bondsbetweenwidelyseparatedR-groupsARISPHKCh6ProteindenaturationEnzymedenaturingTemperature(>50

C)pHShearRadiationSaltsSolventsSurfactantsProteasesEnzymecofactorsMetalions/vitamins/NADHmayberequiredforenzymeactivityOftenneededinmedium