2024学年上海新高二暑假英语自学 14 目的状语、让步状语 高考重点词汇积累 长难句分析含答案

考点14目的状语、让步状语+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析核心考点梳理一、高考重点词汇积累▲核心单词1.queuen.行列，长队2.racialadj.种族的3.railwayn.铁路；铁道4.randomadj.随意的，未经事先考虑的5.rangen.幅度，范围vi.（在某范围内）变动6.reactvi.反应；起化学反应7.realityn.现实8.realizevt.认识到，实现9.reasonableadj.通情达理的，正当的，合理的lO.recognizevt.认出11.recommendvt.推荐，介绍；建议12.recordn.记录；唱片13.recovervi.恢复，痊愈vt.重新找到；使康复14.recreationn.娱乐，消遣15.recyclev.再循环，重新利用16.reducevt.减少，缩减17.refereen.裁判，仲裁，调解员18.reference儿参考，参阅；参考资料，参考书目；提到，论及19.reflectv.反映，反射20.reformv.&n.改革；改进，改良21.refreshvt.更新；使恢复；使清新vi.恢复精神（汉译英）.无论采取何种方式来保护它，这个濒危物种很可能在不远的未来灭绝。（approach）（汉译英）.尽管这位艺术家的部分作品饱受争议，在场的艺术评论家们全体起立，并为他毕生推广印象派艺术作品鼓掌致敬。（as）（汉译英）四、六选四ChocolateIsBeneficialinSomeCasesMentalarithmeticbecameeasieraftervolunteershadbeengivenlargeamountsofcompoundsfoundinchocolate,calledflavanols（黄烷醇）,inahotcocoadrink.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeeltiredormentallydrained,thefindings,presentedattheBritishPsychologicalSocietyannualconferenceinBrightonshow.ProfDavidKennedy,directorofthebrain,performanceandnutritionresearchcentreatNorth-umbriaUniversity,andaco-authorofthestudy,saidthatchocolatecouldbebeneficialformentallychallengingtasks.51"Forthingsthataredifficulttodo,mentallydemandingthingsthatmaybecropupinyourwork,itwouldhelp."ProfKennedysaid.Theflavanols,partofagroupofchemicalscalledpolyphenols（多酚），workbyincreasingtheflowofbloodintothebrain.Forthestudy30volunteerswereaskedtocountbackwardsingroupsofthreefromarandomnumberbetween800and999generatedbyacomputer.52.However,thesamewasnottruewhenthegroupwasaskedtocountbackwardsingroupsofseven,whichtheresearchersdescribedasmorecomplextask,requiringaslightlydifferentpartofthebrain.Thefindingsalsoshowthatthevolunteersdidnotgetastireddoingthecalculationsiftheyhadbeengiventhecocoadrink,despitebeingaskedtodothemoverandoverforanhour.Theresearchersgavethevolunteersatotalof500mgofflavanol.53.EmmaWightman,oneofthestudy'sleadresearchers,said:"Youcangetbarsofchocolatethathave100mgofflavnoal,andwearealsogoingtolookattheeffectoflowerdosesofflavanolonthebrain/ProfKennedyadded:"Theamountthatyouaregivingismorethaninthedietbutthereisquitealotofevidencethatgeneralamountsareprotectiveagainstdecliningfunctionandthatkindofthing.54.Volunteers'performancedefinitelyimprovedafterdrinkingalotofcocoa.Thefindingsshowthattheycoulddothecalculationsmorequicklyandmoreaccuratelyaftertheyhadbeengiventhedrink.Themorefruitandvegetablesandthingsthatarehighinpolyphenolsthebetterthatisforyourbraininthelongrun.Althoughtheamountwastoogreattobefoundnaturallyinthediet,researcherssaidpeopleshouldensuretheyhavelotsofflavanols,alsofoundinfruitandvegetables,onaregularbasis.Bothhigherandlowerdosesofchocolatewillincreasebrainpower.Thefindingssuggeststudentswhoovereatchocolatewhenrevisingforexamsmaygainarealbenefitfromdoingso.PioneersofthePacificNooneissurehowtheydiditorevenwhytheydidit,butover3,000yearsagopeoplesailedintotheenormousemptinessofthePacificOceaninsimplecanoes.Withinafewcenturies,thesepeoplenowknownastheLapita—hadmigratedfromPapuaNewGuineatotheislandofTonga,atleast2,000milestotheeast.55Andtheydiscoveredandtheninhabiteddozensoftropicalislandsneverbeforeseenbyhumaneyes:Vanuatu,NewCaledonia,Fiji,Samoa.AlthoughtheirvoyagebeganinthenorthernislandsofPapuaNewGuinea,theirlanguagecamefromTaiwan,andtheirstyleofpotterydecorationprobablyhaditsrootsinthenorthernPhilippines.SowhoweretheLapita?DidtheycomefromasinglepointinAsiaorfromseveraldifferentplaces?Now,archaeologistsMatthewSpriggsandStuartBedfordoftheAustralianNationalUniversityareworkingtoanswerthequestions.ALapitacemeteryontheislandoffateinthePacificnationofVanuatuhasrevealedinformationaboutLapitacustoms,andDNAfromtheancientbonesmayhelptoanswerquestionsabouttheLapitapeople.zzThisrepresentsthebestopportunitywe'vehadyet,“saysSpriggs,tofindoutwhotheLapitaactuallywere,wheretheycamefrom,andwhotheirclosestdescendantsaretoday//AthollAnderson,professorofprehistoryattheAustralianNationalUniversity,suggeststhat日Nino,thesamewarmingofoceanwaterthataffectsthePacifictoday,mayhavehelped.Climatedataobtainedfromslow-growingcoralsaroundthePacificaridfromlake-bedsedimentsintheAndesofSou&AmericaindicateaseriesofunusuallyfrequentElNinoaroundthetimeoftheLapitaexpansion.Byreversingtheregulareast-to-westflowofthetradewindsforweeksatatime,thesesuperElNinomighthavecarriedtheLapitasailorsonlong,unplannedvoyagesfaroverthehorizon.Theirdescendantshaveinhabitedtheregionforthousandsofyears,andwhynot?They'relivinginanislandparadisethatmanyofusonlydreamabout.Howevertheyarrivedontheislands,theLapitacametostay.Butevenifthearchaeologistscananswerthesequestions,westillwon/tknowhowtheLapitasailedsofareastagainstthetradewinds,whichnormallyblowfromeasttowest.ArchaeologistshavelongbeenwonderingaboutthereasonwhytheLapitalefttheirhomeforabrand-newworld.TheyexploredmillionsofsquaremilesofthePacific.Therefore,theLapitagaveussomenewperspectivetounderstandthePacific.ThereismuchwedonotknowabouttheLapita.考点14目的状语、让步状语+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析核心考点梳理一、高考重点词汇积累▲核心单词1.queuen.行列，长队2.racialadj.种族的3.railwayn.铁路；铁道4.randomadj.随意的，未经事先考虑的5.rangen.幅度，范围vi.（在某范围内）变动6.reactvi.反应；起化学反应7.realityn.现实8.realizevt.认识到，实现9.reasonableadj.通情达理的，正当的，合理的lO.recognizevt.认出11.recommendvt.推荐，介绍；建议12.recordn.记录；唱片13.recovervi.恢复，痊愈vt.重新找到；使康复14.recreationn.娱乐，消遣15.recyclev.再循环，重新利用16.reducevt.减少，缩减17.refereen.裁判，仲裁，调解员18.reference儿参考，参阅；参考资料，参考书目；提到，论及19.reflectv.反映，反射20.reformv.&n.改革；改进，改良21.refreshvt.更新；使恢复；使清新vi.恢复精神.refusevi..refusevi..registern.v..regretn.&vt..regularadj.▲,▼,重点短语l.lookoutlookintolookforwardtolookthroughlookuptolookdownuponlookon...aslookafterlookforlookbacklookup2.makesensemakesenseofmakenosensecommonsense登记簿，花名册登记，注册懊悔，遗憾；痛惜规则的小心调查盼望仔细看；浏览尊敬瞧不起把……看作照顾寻找回顾；回头看查阅；抬头有意义；有道理；讲得通理解；明白没道理；没意义常识二、高考阅读理解长难句分析|6L|Shay'sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam,butthefatheralsounderstoodthatifhisson,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,wereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.【句式翻译】Shay的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的，但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有残障的孩子可以打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that都引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句包含一个条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气。【词语点拨】sense〃.感觉；感官；意义；makesense有意义；有道理；makesenseof理解Canyoumakesenseofwhatthisbooksays?你能理解这本书的内容吗？I'mafraidIhaven'tgotaverygoodsenseofdirection,soIeasilygetlost.恐怕我的方向感很差，因此我容易迷路。Hissenseoftouchgraduallytooktheplaceofsight.他的触觉逐步代替了视觉。Inthepast,ifsomeonelikemehadfailedtogetintouniversitythroughthecollegeexam,hewouldhavehadnochanceofgettingadegree.【句式翻译】过去，像我这样不能通过高考而进入大学的人士，是没有机会拿到学位的。【句式分析】本句是复合句,if引导条件状语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。【词语点拨】failv.失败；使失望Iwouldn'tlosecourageevenifIshouldfailtentimes.即使要失败十次，我也绝不灰心。YoucanalwaysrelyonJim,hewon'tfailyou.你可以永远信任吉姆，他不会让你失望的。Thewordsfailtoconveythemeaning.词不达意。|63]SomesocialscientistssuggestthatWesternersshouldtakeadvantagesoftheancientChinesewisdomtomakeupforthedrawbacksofWesternersphilosophy.【句式翻译】有些社会科学家建议，西方人应该利用古代中国人的智慧来弥补西方哲学体系当中的不足。【句式分析】本句是复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。【词语点拨】1)takeadvantagesof利用;占的便宜He'sjoiningtheclubinordertotakeadvantageoftheothers.他入会是来揩油的。Inspringweusuallysettheclocksaheadonehourtotakeadvantageofthesummerdaylight.春季我们通常把钟拨快一小时以充分利用夏天的白昼。2)makeupfor补偿，弥补；makeup组成；补足；化妆；编造Hardworkcanoftenmakeupforalackofability.努力工作经常可以弥补能力的不足。Itdidn'ttakeherlongtomakeup.她很快就化妆好了。Theteacherhelpedhispupilsmakeupthelessonstheyhadmissed.教师给学生补课。Theimaginativechildalwayslikestomakeupfairytales.充满想象力的孩子喜欢编造神话故事。Fivedoctorsandtwonursesmakeupamedicalteam.五位医生和两位护士组成一个医疗队。【语法点拨】宾语从句中的虚拟语气：在表示“坚持"、"命令"、"建议”、”要求”等动词后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。这类动词可以归纳为“一个坚持(insist)、两个命令(order,command)>三个建议(advise,suggest,propose)>四个要求(demand,require,request,ask)”，这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should常可以省略。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。但是，当insist的意思为“坚决认为，坚持说"；suggest的意思为“表明，暗含，暗示"等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tominsistedthathehadn'tstolenthewatch.汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededinthisexam.他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。|64jIfAmiricanathleteMarionJoneshadn'ttakendrugs,wouldshehavemadeittotheOlympicsatall?【句式翻译】如果美国运动员玛丽昂・琼斯没有服用兴奋剂的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？【句式分析】本句是复合句，if引导状语从句，从句中运用了虚拟语气。【词语点拨】makeit及时到达；成功；约定时间。具体用法参见第45句。历］Theirmoneywouldbewastedifthemessagedidn'treachitstargetaudience,inotherwordsthepeopletheadvertisementintendstopersuade.【句式翻译】如果信息不能传达给它的目标群体，也就是广告意图说服的人群的话，那么他们的钱就白花了。【句式分析】本句是复合句，if引导条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气，theadvertisementintends…是定语从句，修饰先行词thepeopleo【词语点拨】1)inotherwords换句话说Joedoesn'tlikework—inotherwords,he'slazy!乔不爱劳动一换句话说，他懒惰！persuade泣.说服;劝说；固定短语：persuadesbtodosth—persuadesbintodoingsth说服某人做某事。persuade意为“说服”，指劝说成功；advise意为“劝说”，不一定成功。MrsGreenpersuadedherhusbandtogotoseethedoctor.格林太太说服丈夫去看病。NobodycanpersuadeLindatochangehermindonceitismadeup.一旦琳达下定决心就没有人可以说服她改变主意。Weadvisedthevillagerstomoveimmediatelytoasafeplace,buttheywerenotpersuaded.我们劝村民立即转移到安全的地方，但是没说服他们。intend计划；打算①intendtodo/doingsth打算做某事Nowadaysmoreandmoreyoungmenintendtostudy/studyingabroad.现在越来越多的年轻人打算出国留学。②intendsbtodosth打算让某人做某事IintendTomtogotheconcertwithme.我打算让汤姆跟我一块去听音乐会。③intendsth或intend+从句”打算,想”YoumisunderstoodGeorge.Heintendednoharm.你误会乔治了，他没有恶意。Mr.Blackintendedthathissonshouldtakeoverthebusiness.布莱克先生打算让他的儿子接管生意。④be血endedfor 是用来，为设计/准备ThisEnglishnewspaperisintendedforthemiddleschoolstudent.这份英语报纸是给中学生用的。⑤beintendedas/tobe打算作为之用Thebookwasintendedasapleasantsurpriseforhersisterbutwaslostinthemail.这本书原本是作为惊喜送给她姐姐的，但是邮寄丢了二、目的状语、让步状语从句主要用法.目的状语短语和目的状语从句目的状语可以由inorder（not）to>soas（not）to等不定式短语构成。彳列：Theteacherexplainedtherulesseveraltimesinorderto/soastomakethestudentsfullyunderstand.老师反复解释了这些规则，就是为了让学生们充分地理解。Beforeheturnedinhiscomposition,hecheckeditagainsoastomakeasfewmistakesaspossible.把作文交上去之前他又检查了一遍，目的是尽量减少错误。目的状语从句可以由sothat、inorderthat等连接短语引导，且从句中的谓语部分一般含有情态动词can/could>may/might>will/would>shall/should等。彳列：Thesecretaryadjustedthemanager'sagendainorderthathecouldattendtheeconomicforum.秘书调整了经理的日程安排，使他能够出席这次经济论坛。【注意】目的状语短语和从句可以置于句首。彳列：Inordertosavepaper,thesecretaryprintedonbothsidesofthepaper.为了节约纸张，秘书在纸的正反面都打印。Inorderthathemighthearmoreclearly,heseatedhimselfinthefirstrow.为了听得更清楚些，他坐在了第一排。forfearthat（生怕）,incase（万一）与lest（以免）也可以用来引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语部分常用一般现在时或一般过去时，但不用将来时。彳列：Theyhavemadeacarefulplanincasesomethingunexpectedhappens.他们制定了一个周密的计划，以防备可能发生的意外。.让步状语短语和让步状语从句让步状语可以由despite和inspiteo耕勾成。彳列：DespitetheheavytrafficjamonMondaymorning,hegottotheofficeontime.尽管周一早晨的交通非常拥挤，他还是准时到达了办公室。Theoldmancannotseeverywellinspiteofthespectacles.尽管戴着眼镜，老人还是看不太清楚。【注意】despite和inspiteof后面跟名词或名词短语。彳列：Despite/Inspiteofalltheevidence,hestillrefusedtoconfesshismistakes.尽管证据确凿，他还是拒绝承认错误。引导状语从句的连词有although、though、eventhough等，意为“虽然；尽管“，表示在从句情况存在的前提下，主句的情况依然出现。彳列：Althoughitwasveryhot,thebuilderskeptworkingonthesites.虽然天气酷热，建筑工人们还是坚持在工地上工作。Thescientistkeptexperimentingwiththenewdrugeventhoughhehadfailedthreetimes.尽管已经失败了三次，这个科学家仍然坚持试验这种新药。【拓展】(l)as/though倒装结构表示让步意义，相当于although/though弓|导的从句。(难点)彳列：Difficultas/thoughtheproblemwas(=Although/Thoughtheproblemwasdifficult),Tommanagedtoworkitout.尽管这道题目很难，汤姆还是做了出来。(2)while引导的让步状语从句常置于句首。彳列：WhileIadmitthatheisnotperfect,1doactuallyliketheperson.尽管我承认他非完美，但我的确非常喜欢这个人。(3)whatever>whoever、wherever和however等词引导的让步状语从句，相当于"nomatter+wh-疑问词”，常译为“无论……彳列：Healwaysthinksofhismotherlandwhereverhetravels(=nomatterwherehetravels).无论走到哪儿，他都心系祖国。(4)whether...or...引导的让步状语从句，常译为”无论…还是…”例：whetherwewinorlose,wewillsparenoeffort.无论成败,我们都会不遗余力。当堂知识检测一、单项选择Theteacherraisedhisvoiceallthestudentscouldhearhim.A.for B.sothat C. because D. inorderPleaseanswerthequestioninaloudenoughvoicealltheclassmayhear.A.so,that B.or C. inorderthat D. andLiftitupImayseeit.A.though B.sothat C.as D.thanWeshouldlearnmoreinformationtechnologywecanimproveourteachingefficiency.A.sothat B.incase C.nowthat D.evenifI'mwillingtohelp,Idon'thavemuchtimeavailable.A.If B.Because C.Until D.Whilepeoplehavebeenusedtothesingle-useplasticbags,itisunavoidabletothrowawaythisconsumptionhabittohelpprotecttheenvironment.A.Because B.Unless C.EventhoughD.Sothathislastalbumwas,thereareasyetnoplansforanyfollow-ups.A.Successfulas B.AlthoughsuccessfulC.Despitesuccess D.RegardlessofsuccesstheInternetisofgreathelpbothtoourstudiesandlife,Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeoniteveryday.A.When B.While C.Since D.Oncetherewasnoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.A.Since B.While C.When D.HoweverTheyraisedmoneythehomelesschildrencanhaveashelter.A.incase B.inorderto C.inorderthat D.nowthatComealittlebitcloseryoucouldgetabetterview.A. incase B. becauseof C. bymeans of D. sothatMyparentsalwayssavesomemoneyinstore_somethingunexpectedhappens.A. evenif B. when C. incase D. sothatseriousaproblemyoumayhave,youshouldshowyourcouragetofacethechallenge.A. Whatever B. Wherever C. However D. Wheneverournewproducthasn'tbeenacceptedbythepublic,Ithinkitspotentialmarketislarge.A. While B. Unless C. Once D. BeforeThetwocollectorshavedeterminedtobuythepreciousEgyptianvase,.A.howevermuchitcosts B.nomatterhowitcostsC.howevermuchdoesitcostD.nomatterhowmuchdoesitcostC.howevermuchdoesitcost.refusevi..refusevi..registern.v..regretn.&vt..regularadj.▲,▼,重点短语l.lookoutlookintolookforwardtolookthroughlookuptolookdownuponlookon...aslookafterlookforlookbacklookup2.makesensemakesenseofmakenosensecommonsense登记簿，花名册登记，注册懊悔，遗憾；痛惜规则的小心调查盼望仔细看；浏览尊敬瞧不起把……看作照顾寻找回顾；回头看查阅；抬头有意义；有道理；讲得通理解；明白没道理；没意义常识二、高考阅读理解长难句分析|6L|Shay'sfatherknewthatmostoftheboyswouldnotwantsomeonelikeShayontheirteam,butthefatheralsounderstoodthatifhisson,mentallyandphysicallydisabled,wereallowedtoplay,itwouldgivehimamuch-neededsenseofbelongingandsomeconfidence.【句式翻译】Shay的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的，但爸爸也明白如果他的身心都有残障的孩子可以打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。【句式分析】本句是复合句，两个that都引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句包含一个条件从句，条件从句运用了虚拟语气。【词语点拨】sense〃.感觉；感官；意义；makesense有意义；有道理；makesenseof理解Canyoumakesenseofwhatthisbooksays?你能理解这本书的内容吗？,wemustbelieveinourselvesandeffortsmustpayoffoneday.A.Howeverlifeisdifficult B.HoweverislifedifficultC.Howeverdifficultlifeis D.HoweverdifficultislifeTellyourdoctorwithadetailedmedicalhistoryhecangiveyoutheaccuratetreatment.A.evenif B.sothat C.incase D.asthoughOfthesecandidatesyouoptfor,youwillhavearightassistant.A.who B.that C.whichever D.whoevertheforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.A.Since B.Eventhough C.Asif D.Incasefooddeliveryservicesbringconvenience,theyletstudentsformsomelazyhabits.A.As B.While C.If D.WhateverNomatterhowfrequentlyintheLouvreinParis,themasterpiecesofPabloPicassoalwaysattractalargenumberofaudience.A.display B.displayed C.displays D.aredisplayedMostchildrenwill"obey"spokeninstructionsbeforetheycanspeakinlanguagelearning,theword"obey"ishardlyaccurateasadescriptionofthedelightedcooperation.A.as B.because C.though D.whenLetussacrificeourtodayourchildrencanhaveabettertomorrow.A.sothat B.incase C.evenif D.nowthathardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat.A.However B.WhateverC.Whichever D.Wheneverweeatforbreakfasthasagreateffectonourhealth,manystudentsskipbreakfastforvariousreasons.A.Though B.InspiteofthatC.DespitewhatD.Althoughwhat二、根据汉语意思填写单词Whatweshouldrememberisthatour（义务）istoservethepeopleheartandsoul（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Low-fatfoodsare（理想的）forpeoplewhoarewatchingtheirwaistline.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）ThefirsttimeImethimon（校园），hemadehimselfknowntome.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Asagroup,weplace（强调）onteamwork,mutualtrustandrespect.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Water（存在）inthreeforms:solid,liquidandgas.（根据汉语提示拼写单词）AsachildIwas（围绕）byloveandkindness.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Throughone'shandwriting,peoplecangettoknowhisthinkingand（性格）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Thecompanyisverylargeandithasmorethan100（分公司）allovertheworld.（根据汉语提示拼写单词）Intheendwefoundtheperfectcarpetwith（图案）thatwebothliked.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Therearedifferencesinthechoicesofbooksbetweenthe（性别）.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Recenttechnologyhas（使能够）thedevelopmentofcheaperdigitalradios.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Iwasquiteanxiouswhenbreakingthevasebyaccident.Tomy（宽慰、轻松）,mymotherdidn'tscoldmebutforgavemymistake.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimself（包围）byagoodmanystudents.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Suchabloodpressureis（正常的）forapersonofhisage.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）Asthesayinggoes,successisnoteverthatofan（个人），butalwaysthatofacollective.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）参考答案：.B【详解】考查连词和固定短语辨析。句意：老师提高他的音量以便所有的学生们能听到他。A.for因为；B.sothat以便；C.because因为；D.inorder整齐。分析句子结构，设空处应用连词。结合句意，句中缺乏〃以便，因此〃，引导目的状语从句。故选B项。C【详解】考查状语从句。句意：请大声回答问题，以便全班都能听到。A.so,that如此……以至于……；B.or或者;C.inorderthat为了；D.and并且。根据下文“alltheclassmayhear〃可知，此处表示“以便全班都能听到〃，引导目的状语从句，所以用inorderthat。故选C。B【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：把它举起来，以便我能看见。根据句意，〃把它举起来〃的目的是〃让我能看见〃，所以用s。that（以便）引导目的状语从句，故选B。A【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我们应该学习更多的信息技术，这样我们才能提高教学效率。A.sothat以便；为的是；B.incase以防；C.nowthat既然；D.evenif即使；纵然。分析可知，学习更多的信息技术的目的是提高效率，所以空白处填sothat,符合题意，故选A。D【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我很愿意帮忙，但我没有多少时间。A.lf如果；B.Because因为；C.Until直到；D.While虽然。由句意可知，前后为让步关系，所以空处应用表示让步的从属连词引导让步状语从句，While引导让步状语从句，故选D项。C【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：尽管人们已经习惯了一次性塑料袋，但为了保护环境，抛弃这种消费习惯是不可避免的。A.Because因为；B.Unless除非；C.Eventhough尽管;D.Sothat以便于。根据"peoplehavebeenusedtothesingle-useplasticbags"和"itisunavoidabletothrowawaythisconsumptionhabit"可矢口，句子表示〃尽管人们已经习惯了一次性塑料袋，但为了保护环境，抛弃这种消费习惯是不可避免的〃，空格处意为〃尽管〃，是eventhough,引导让步状语从句，故选C。A【详解】考查倒装句。句意：尽管他的上一张专辑很成功，但目前还没有推出任何后续专辑的计划。despite和regardlessof分别是介词和介词短语，后面不能接句子，排除C项和D项；although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装，排除B项；as引导让步状语从句时，可以将表语前置，形成部分倒装。故选A。B【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然互联网有很大帮助，但是我不认为每天花太多时间在上面是一个好主意。A.When当……时；B.While然而；C.Since自从；D.Once一旦。根据句意可知，前后句意存在让步关系，应用while引导让步状语从句。故选B。B【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管没有确凿的证据表明，但是大多数人都认为他有罪。A.Since因为、自从；B.While虽然……但是……,多放于句首；C.When当……时候；D.However然而（副词）。此处引导让步状语从句，While符合句意。故选B。C【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：他们筹集资金以便无家可归的孩子们能有一个庇护所。A.incase以防；B.inorderto为了；C.inorderthat为了，以便；D.nowthat既然。分析句子可知，句子为目的状语从句，"inorderthat〃意为〃为了，以便〃，引导从句，符合句意，"inorderto〃意为〃为了〃，后面不接句子，故空格D【详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：再靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。A.incase万一；B.becauseof因为；C.bymeansof用，依靠;D.sothat以便。根据句意可知，"youcouldgetabetterview〃表示“目的〃，应用sothat引导目的状语从句。故选D项。C【详解】考查状语从句。句意：我父母总是存一些钱以备不时之需。A.evenif即使；B.when当……时候;Cincase以防;D.sothat以便。引导目的状语从句，表示"以防"应用Dcase。故选C。C【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该表现出面对挑战的勇气。A.Whatever无论什么；B.Wherever无论哪里；C.However无论多么；D.Whenever无论何时。引导让步状语从句，表示"无论多么"应用however,修饰形容词serious。故选C。A【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我们的新产品还没有被大众所接受，但我认为它的潜在市场是很大的。A.While虽然；B.Unless除非；AOnce一旦;D.Before在……之前。此处引导让步状语从句,表示"虽然"应用while。故选A。A【详解】考查状语从句。句意：两位收藏家决定买下这件珍贵的埃及花瓶，不管花多少钱。分析句子可知，however/nomatterhow引导让步状语从句，后紧跟形容词或副词，所以B项不对。后跟状语从句，不需倒装，所以C,D项不对，故选A项。C【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论生活多么困难，我们必须相信自己，努力总有一天会有回报的。分析句子可知，该句为However弓|导的让步状语从句，意思是“不管怎样……、无论如何……”，结构为however+形容词+主语+系动词。故选C项。B【详解】考查从属连词。句意：告诉你的医生详细的病史，这样他才能给你准确的治疗。A.evenif即使,虽然；B.sothat以便，为了：C.incase万一，假使；D.asthough好像。根据句意和句子结构，设空处应填连接词sothat,引导目的状语从句，把既往病史告诉医生的目的是医生可以做成准确的治疗。故选B项。18.D【详解】考查状语从句。句意：在这些候选人中，无论你选择谁，你都会有一个合适的助手。分析句子结构可知，主句结构完整，逗号前为让步状语从句；代指〃选手中的任何一个〃且充当从句宾语，此处需用whoevero故选D项。B【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然森林公园很远，但每年都有很多游客来参观。A.Since自从，因为；B.Eventhough尽管，虽然；C.Asif仿佛,好像；D.Incase以防。结合连词的意思可知，选择eventhough引导让步状语从句，合乎句意的需要，故选B项。B【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然外卖服务带来了方便，但也让学生养成了一些懒惰的习惯。A.As当……时;B.While虽然，尽管；C.lf如果;D.Whatever无论什么。根据句意分析句子可知,逗号前的部分是让步状语从句，所以空格处应该填入一个连词，且意义为〃虽然，尽管〃；as虽然可以引导让步状语从句，但是从句必须倒装，所以排除A项。故选B项。B【详解】考查让步状语从句的省略。句意：无论巴勃罗・毕加索的杰作在巴黎卢浮宫多么频繁地展出，它们总能吸引大批观众。A.display展示；B.displayed展示；C.displays展示;D.aredisplayed被展示。在让步，时间等状语从句中，如果主从句中主语一致，从句中谓语含be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be省略，即从句原句为：Nomatterhowfrequently(themasterpiecesofPabloPicassoare)displayedintheLouvreinParis可知，此处省略从句的主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故选B。C【详解】考查连词。句意：在学习语言之前，大多数孩子会〃服从〃口头指示，尽管〃服从〃一词很难准确地描述愉快的合作。A.as随着;B.because因为；C.though尽管;D.when当……时候。分析句子,前后两句构成让步关系，引导状语从句，表示〃尽管〃用though。故选C。A【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：让我们牺牲我们的今天，让我们的孩子有一个更好的明天。A.sothat以便为了；B.incase以防、以免；C.evenif即使;D.nowthat既然。根据后句"ourchildrencanhaveabettertomorrow(让我们的孩子有一个更好的明天)〃可知，是为了孩子有一个更好的明天。sothat引导口的状语从句。故选A。A【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。however(=nomatterhow)无论怎么，引导让步状语从句。故选A。D【详解】考查从句。句意：尽管我们早晨吃的东西对我们的健康有很大的影响，许多学生仍然会因为各种原因不吃早晨。分析句子结构和意思可知，逗号前后分句上下文是转折的关系，所以用连词although引导让步状语从句；在让步状语从句中，weeatforbreakfast是主语从句，缺少动词eat的宾语，指物，“什么〃的意思，用连词what引导。故选D。duty【详解】考查名词。句意：我们应该记住的是，我们的义务是全心全意为人民服务。根据句意和汉语提示可知，应填名词duty〃义务〃作主语，根据句意用单数，故填duty。ideal【详解】考查形容词。句意：低脂食品对于那些关注自己腰围的人来说是理想的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查〃理想的〃对应的形容词ideal,作表语。故填ideal。campus【详解】考查名词。句意：我在校园里第一次见到他时，他向我介绍了自己。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，使用名词。根据汉语提示，表示〃校园〃含义的名词为campus,短语。ncampus在校园、在校内，故填campus。emphasis【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一个团队，我们强调团队合作，相互信任和尊重。空格处用名词作宾语,“强调"的名词是emphasis,placeemphasison是固定短语，意为“强调〃。故填emphasis。exists【详解】考查动词。句意：水以三种形式存在：固体、液体和气体。根据"inthreeforms〃和汉语提示可知，空处应用动词exist,作句子的谓语，句子在描述客观真理，时态应用一般现在时，主语Water为不可数名词，exist需用第三人称单数形式exists。故填exists。surrounded【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一个孩子，我被爱和善良所包围。根据汉语提示可知，surround〃围绕〃，动词，主语I和动词surround是被动关系，所以句子是一般过去时的被动语态，空处应填过去分词。故填surroundedopersonality【详解】考查名词。句意：通过一个人的笔迹，人们可以了解他的思想和性格。根据汉语提示可知，作宾语，应用名词personality,故填personality。branches【详解】考查名词。句意：这家公司非常大，在世界各地有100多个分公司。根据"Thecompanyisverylarge/,和汉语提示可知，空处应用名词branch作has的宾语，且空前有morethan100,意为“100多个”,branch需用复数形式branches。故填branches。patterns【详解】考查名词。句意：最后，我们找到了我们都喜欢的带有图案的完美地毯。〃图案〃为名词pattern,作宾语，为可数名词，前无限定词，应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填patterns。genders【详解】考查名词。句意：不同性别对书籍的选择不同。根据汉语提示〃性别〃和常识以及上文betweenthe可知，此处可用名词gender的复数形式作宾语。故填genders。enabled【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：最近的技术使更便宜的数字收音机得以发展。根据汉语提示〃使能够〃可知，空格处涉及单词〃enable",意为〃使能够〃，动词词性，根据句意和句中〃has〃可知，句子为现在完成时，空格处应用“enable〃的过去分词“enabled”。故填enabledorelief【详解】考查名词。句意：不小心打碎了花瓶，我很着急。让我松了一口气的是，我母亲没有责备我，而是原谅了我的错误。根据词义〃宽慰、轻松〃可知，使用名词relief,它在句子中作宾语，它无需变复数，故填reliefosurrounded【详解】考查动词。句意：当他醒来时,发现自己被一些医生围着。〃包围〃表达为动词surround,该处为〃find+宾语（himself）+宾语补足语〃，himself承受surround的动作，空格处应填入surround的过去分词。故填surroundedonormal【详解】考查形容词。句意：这样的血压对于他这个年龄的人来说是正常的。设空处在句中作表语，形容词normal"正常的"符合句意。故填normaloindividual【详解】考查名词。句意：俗话说，成功永远不是个人的，而是集体的。分析句子可知，空格处应填入名词作宾语。表示〃个人〃且根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应填入名词individual,意为〃个人；个体〃。故填individual。课后巩固提高三、汉译英（整句）屠呦呦因其在中国科学的困难时期做一名科学家的勇气而闻名。（汉译英）我们的责任是尽一切挽救痛苦的伤员和生命的死亡。（汉译英）虽然他有点固执，我们还是说服他接受我们的援助，最后我们成功地走出了丛林。（persuade）（汉译英）44.无论你喜欢哪一个，无论你喜欢什么，总会有一个奇妙无比的主题公园让你流连忘返。（whichever,appeal）（汉译英）虽然努力不一定成功，但在此过程中培养的解决问题的能力和永不放弃的精神是伴随人们一生的宝贵财富。（secure）（汉译英）虽然这些图标的形状不同，但是它们的大小和颜色很相似。（while）（汉译英）不管我们做了什么，他们都会支持我们。（standby）（汉译英）许多孩子认为父母的爱是理所当然的，认为无论他们做什么都会被原谅。（take…forgranted,forgive）（汉译英）无论采取何种方式来保护它，这个濒危物种很可能在不远的未来灭绝。（approach）（汉译英）尽管这位艺术家的部分作品饱受争议，在场的艺术评论家们全体起立，并为他毕生推广印象派艺术作品鼓掌致敬。（as）（汉译英）四、六选四ChocolateIsBeneficialinSomeCasesMentalarithmeticbecameeasieraftervolunteershadbeengivenlargeamountsofcompoundsfoundinchocolate,calledflavanols（黄烷醇）,inahotcocoadrink.Theywerealsolesslikelytofeeltiredormentallydrained,thefindings,presentedattheBritishPsychologicalSocietyannualconferenceinBrightonshow.ProfDavidKennedy,directorofthebrain,performanceandnutritionresearchcentreatNorth-umbriaUniversity,andaco-authorofthestudy,saidthatchocolatecouldbebeneficialformentallychallengingtasks."Forthingsthataredifficulttodo,mentallydemandingthingsthatmaybecropupinyourwork,itwouldhelp."ProfKennedysaid.Theflavanols,partofagroupofchemicalscalledpolyphenols（多酚），workbyincreasingtheflowofbloodintothebrain.Forthestudy30volunteerswereaskedtocountbackwardsingroupsofthreefromarandomnumberbetween800and999generatedbyacomputer.52・However,thesamewasnottruewhenthegroupwasaskedtocountbackwardsingroupsofseven,whichtheresearchersdescribedasmorecomplextask,requiringaslightlydifferentpartofthebrain.Thefindingsalsoshowthatthevolunteersdidnotgetastireddoingthecalculationsiftheyhadbeengiventhecocoadrink,despitebeingaskedtodothemoverandoverforanhour.Theresearchersgavethevolunteersatotalof500mgofflavanol.53 .EmmaWightman,oneofthestudy'sleadresearchers,said:zzYoucangetbarsofchocolatethathave100mgofflavnoal,andwearealsogoingtolookattheeffectoflowerdosesofflavanolonthebrain.”ProfKennedyadded:zzTheamountthatyouaregivingismorethaninthedietbutthereisquitealotofevidencethatgeneralamountsareprotectiveagainstdecliningfunctionandthatkindofthing.54.Volunteers'performancedefinitelyimprovedafterdrinkingalotofcocoa.Thefindingsshowthattheycoulddothecalculationsmorequicklyandmoreaccuratelyaftertheyhadbeengiventhedrink.Themorefruitandvegetablesandthingsthatarehighinpolyphenolsthebetterthatisforyourbraininthelongrun.Althoughtheamountwastoogreattobefoundnaturallyinthediet,researcherssaidpeopleshouldensuretheyhavelotsofflavanols,alsofoundinfruitandvegetables,onaregularbasis.Bothhigherandlowerdosesofchocolatewillincreasebrainpower.Thefindingssuggeststudentswhoovereatchocolatewhenrevisingforexamsmaygainarealbenefitfromdoingso.PioneersofthePacificNooneissurehowtheydiditorevenwhytheydidit,butover3,000yearsagopeoplesailedintotheenormousempt