高考英语二轮复习山东高考英语七选五训练作业含答案

七选五Goingonholidaydoesn’thavetobebadfortheenvironment,andtherearestillplentyofwaysyoucanhaveamuch-deservedbreakwithoutharmingtheenvironment.Forgetplanes.Whilemostformsoftransportproducecarbondioxide,planeshaveamassivecarbonfootprintbecauseofthehugenumberofmilestheytravel.____1____Manyofusignoretheendlessbeautifulsceneryaroundus.There’stheunparalleledbeautyoftheMississippiRiver.Alternatively,youcandriveyourcartotheGrandCanyontoseeitssplendor.Packwithcare.____2____Alloftheirbottles,fromshampooandconditionertobodywashandmoisturizer,arenowmadefromrecycledplasticthatcanberepurposedagainandagainsononewplasticisproduced.Andtheiriconicsoapbarsnowalsocomeinplastic-freepackaging.____3____Hotelscanbehugeproducersofgreenhousegases.Thinkaboutthewaterthat’swastedandallthebuffetfoodthatgoesuneaten.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Campingandahomestay—whereyoulivewithafamilyintheirownhome—aretwoofthebestoptions.Butifyouinsistonstayinginthehotel,pickonemadefromsustainablematerials.____4____Buygiftsresponsibly.Bringingbackgiftsforfriendsandlovedonesispartofthefunofaholiday.____5____Avoidanythingplastic,orifitisplastic,makesureitis100%recyclable,andmakesureyourfriendswilllovewhateveryougivethemsoitisn’tjustthrowninthebinheadedforlandfill.A．Thinkaboutgreenaccommodation.B．Considerlivinginaneco-friendlyhotel.C．Butmakesureyouchooseitemscarefully.D．Takebrand-namebeautyandbathproductswithyou.E．It’salsoacceptabletoliveinahotelusingnewenergy.F．Sowhynotskipflyinginfavorofaholidayclosertohome?G．Sowhydoplanesconsumesomuchfuelcomparedwithothertransport?“Mostpeopledon’tknowanythingaboutsoil,”saysDominiqueArrouays,asoilscientistinFrance.“Inthecity,theyneverseethesoil,unlessthere’sconstruction.It’sallpavement.Theydon’trealizethateverythingdependsonsoils.”Soilsgrowthefoodthatprovidesanestimated98.8percentofourdailycalories,accordingtoapaperinEnvironmentInternational,andhousemorethan25percentoftheworld’sbiodiversity.____6____Healthysoilismarkedbyitsporous(多孔)structure,producedbyrootgrowthaswellastheactivitiesofearthwormsandinsects.____7____Healthysoilsnotonlymakefarmsmoreclimate-resilient(气候适应力),buttheycanalsohelpkeepcostsforfarmersandtaxpayersdown.AccordingtoaUnitedNationsreport,athirdoftheplanet’ssoilishighlydegradedduetoacidification,erosion(腐蚀),andotherfactors.Soilscannotberegeneratedquickly.____8____Andyetmanypeopledismissitasnothingmorethandirt.____9____Erosionoccurswhensoilisdisplacedbywindorwater—washedofffarmsandstoredinditchesandstreams,orblownacrossthelandscapeasdust.Healthysoilresistserosionwell,especiallyifitisprotectedbyplantsabovegroundandrootsbelow-ground.____10____Theresultscanbedisastrous.Evensmallchangesyearafteryearcangraduallycausebigproblems.Soilistheskinoftheearth.Weneedtoprotectit.It’sineverybody’sinteresttosupportfarmersinrebuildingsoilhealthandpreventingerosion.A．Butsoilsareingreattroubleatpresent.B．Soilerosionisaparticularlyseriousproblemworldwide.C．Thisstructureallowsrainfalltosinkinhealthysoildeeply.D．Soilsalsostoremassiveamountsofbothfreshwaterandcarbon.E．Itmaytakeupto1,000yearstoproduceacouplecentimetersofsoil.F．Butwhensoilisleftbare,windandwatercanmoreeasilydisplaceit.G．Soilisalivingcommunitytocreatearichenvironmentforfoodproduction.Work,familyandworldeventscanbesostressfulthatitfeelslikeoptimismandjoyarefaroutofreach.Anyonecangetstuckinabadmood—butyoudon’thavetostaythere!____11____Onceyou’reinamoodyouneedtoshake,startbygoingtoyourhappyplace.____12____Ifnot,keepaphotoonyourphoneorcomputerofabeautiful,favoriteplaceandtakeamomenttoimagineyourselfthere.What’stheweatherlike?Whatdoestheairsmelllike?Whatareyoudoingwhileyou’rethere?Howdoesbeingtheremakeyoufeel?You’llinstantlyfeelcalmer,lostinthedaydreamorthememoryofyourhappyplace.Wecanmakeoursituationsworsebykeepingthinkingaboutnegativethoughts.____13____“Badthingsalwayshappentome,”becomes“WhatlessoncanIlearnfromthissituation?”“Iwastedthewholeday,”becomes“Istillhave5morehourslefttomaketodayagreatday!”Whetheritisgoingforacoffeeatyourfavoritecafé,orcatchingamovieinthetheatre,makesurethatonceaweekyouschedulesome“me”time.____14____Thatmaymeangettinglessdoneduringtheday,butyoudeservetotakeamentalbreak,regularly.Sogiveprioritytothetimeyouneedtorecharge.____15____Whetherit’stherarebitofeasytrafficonyourwaytoworkorthebreakintheweather,youwon’thavetimetocomplainaboutthenegativethingsbecauseyou’resobusybeinggrateful.A．Youcanalsovolunteeratyourlocalshelter.B．Ithelpsfocusonthepresentandclearyourmind.C．Thankfully,therearewaysyoucangetbackontrack.D．Ifyou’reable,getintonatureandbreathethefreshair.E．Relieveyourstressandrefreshyourmind,bodyandspirit.F．Whenanegativethoughtflashes,replaceitwithapositiveone.G．Whenanegativeattitudetakesover,shakeitoffbypractisinggratitude.Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.____16____Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said,“____17____”Whilesheadmitstherearen’tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.____18____Anotherstudyfoundmiddle-agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.____19____Lonelinessisasortofsignaloralarmsystem.Everyonefeelslonelyfromtimetotime,butthisisadeeperquestionaboutwhetheryouregularlyfeelleftoutorisolated.OnerecentsurveysuggestedthatroughlyoneinthreeAmericanshaveexperienced“seriousloneliness”.Italsohelpstoaskyourselfiftherearepartsofyouridentitythatfeelrestricted.However,makingfriendsinadulthoodisn’talwayseasy.Researchshowspeoplestrugglewithitbecausetheyfinditdifficulttotrustnewpeopleandbecausetheyaresimplyshortoftime.Forthosereasons,itisofteneasiertostartbyrestartingoldrelationships.Takeactionanddon’tassumethatfriendshipsjusthappenorganically.____20____Dr.Hall’sresearchsuggeststhatonaverage,veryclosefriendshipstendtotakearound200hourstodevelop.Quantityandqualitygohand-in-hand.Yourpersonalityandthecharacteristicsofyourlifearegoingtomakeadifference,sotrytomakesomeclosefriends.A．Friendshipisveryimportanttopeople.B．Howcanyoutellifyouneedmorefriends?C．Lonelinessisasharmfultohealthassmoking.D．Whatdoyouneedtomakemorefriends?E．Thetrendhasbeenacceleratedduringthepandemic.F．Theamountoftimeyouspendwithyourfriendsmatters,too.G．Onestudyshowedpeoplehavingsixormorefriendshavebetterhealth.Yourfirstdayofschoolcanbeanervoustime.However,therearelotsofwaysthatyoucanprepareinadvancetohelpyourfirstdaygoassmoothlyaspossible.Locateyourclassesontheschoolmap.Ifyouaregoingtoabigschoolorcollege,it’sreallyusefultoknowwhereallyourclassesare.Printoutamapandhighlightwhereyourclassesare.____21____Checkyourschool’swebsiteforinformationaboutyourclasses.Somehighschoolsandcollegeshavewebsiteswherestudentscanloginandfindmessagesandmaterialsfromtheirteachers.____22____Youcanseeifthereareanymessagesorspecialmaterialsyouwillneedtoreview.____23____Onyourfirstdayofschool,youwillmostlikelybeaskedtoparticipateingames.Theseareagreatwaytogettoknowotherpeopleinyourclassbutcanbeabitnervewrackingifyoufeelshy.Practicesayingyourname,2factsaboutyourself,andwhereyouarefrom.Contactyourfriendsandseeifyouhaveanyofthesameclasses.Ifyoualreadyknowsomeoneatyourschool,askiftheyhaveanyofthesameclassesorlunchperiods.____24____Havingsomeoneyouknowwillhelpyoutofeelmorecomfortableinanewenvironment.Gotobedearlythenightbefore.Thiswillgiveyoulesstimetoworryaboutthenextday.Trytohavearelaxingeveningandgotobedatareasonabletime.____25____Otherwise,youmayenduplyinginbedfeelinganxious.A．Getupearlyincaseofbeinglate.B．Logintoyourschool’swebsitebeforethefirstday.C．Don’ttrytogotobedtoomuchearlierthanusual.D．Iftheydo,organizetomeetupbeforeclassorlunch.E．Preparesomeanswerstopopularicebreakerquestions.F．Ifyouarehavingtroublefindingyourclassroom,askstaffforhelp.G．Thiswillstopyoufromcompletelylosingyourheadonyourfirstday.HikingforBeginnersHikingisawonderfulwaytoimmerseyourselfintheoutdoors.Transportedbyyourowntwofeetandcarryingonlywhatyouneedforthedayonyourback,youcandiscoverthebeautyofnatureatwhateverpaceyou’recomfortablewith.___26___Ifyouhavefriendswhohike,askthemtotakeyouonalongwalk.Mostpeoplearehappytosharetheirexpertknowledge,letyouborrowgear(装备)andintroducestarterstotheirfavoritetrails.Ifyoudon’tknowanyhikers,manycitiesandtownshavehikingclubsthatregularlyplanoutings.___27___Onlinegroupsarealsoagreatwaytofindhikingfriends.Experiencingtheoutdoorsbyyourselfcangiveyouasenseoffreedomandadventurethatarehardtofindelsewhere.___28___Werecommendfindingacompaniontokeepyoucompany.Thatpersonwillalsobetheretolendahandifyouhappentogethurt.___29___Guidebooksandwebsitesaregreatresourcesbecauseyoucangetalltheinformationyouneed:traildifficulty,distance,directions,watersources,andtrailfeatures.Ifyouhavehikingfriends,askthemforsomelocations.Contactalocalhikingorganizationorcallarangerstation(护林站)intheareawhereyouwanttohike.Beforeyoustartyoursearchfortheperfecthike,it’shelpfultothinkthroughafewthings,suchas:howmuchtimeyouhave,especiallytimeofyearandweather.___30___Ifit’sfallandthesunissettingearlier,planaccordinglysoyou’renotcaughtoutafterdarkunexpectedly.Alwayschecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutsoyoucandressandpackappropriately.A．Youcangoforahikealoneoringroups.B．Butitcanalsobehair-raisingandlonelyattimes.C．Youcanfindhikingclasses,outingsandeventsthroughthem.D．Themostsignificanthikingbenefitisforaperson’smentalwell-being.E．Thereareseveraleasywaystofindahikingtrailthatwillmeetyourneeds.F．Sometrailswon’tbeaccessibleinearlyspringbecausethey’recoveredinsnow.G．And,withalittleplanningandpreparation,it’sanactivityalmostanyonecando.I’msureweallknowbynowthatexerciseisgreatforyou.___31___So,inthispost,Iamgoingtosharemytopfourreasonsforworkingout.Firstly,exercisecancompletelychangeyourmood!Whenyouworkout,yourbodyproducesendorphins,whichwillgiveyouarushofhappiness.___32___Nexttimeyou’rehavingabadday,trygoingforafast-pacedrun,andthedaywon’tseemsobadafterall.Secondly,exercisingissociable.WheneverImovetoanewcitytostudyorwork,Ilookforexerciseclassestodo.___33___Usually,youallshareacollectivefeelingofeuphoriawhentheclassfinishes!Thirdly,exercisemakesyoufeelconfident.Weallknowthephysicaleffectsofexerciseonourbodiesbutwedon’talwaystalkaboutthementaleffects.Exercisemightgiveyouafeelingofconfidencefrombeingcomfortablewithyourbodyandappearance.___34___Finally,ithelpstorelievestress.Focusingonliftingweightsorgoingforaruncanhelpyouforgettheproblemsandstressofdailylife,studiesorwork.Duringexams,Ialwaysspendanhouradayinthegym.Itmakesmefeellessanxiousanditalsohelpsmetosleepwell.___35___Itmightnotbeeasybutit’sagreatfeelingdoingsomethingyoucouldn’tdobeforeandknowingit’saresultofyourhardwork.A．Whatkindsofexercisedoyouusuallytake?B．Youwillfeelbetterafteraworkoutthanyoudidbeforeit.C．Butmostexerciseclassesaretooexpensiveforordinarypeople.D．Thisnewconfidencemightevenhelpinyoursocialorworklife.E．So,nexttimeyou’refeelingdown,putyourtrainersonandgetsweating.F．Butsometimesfindingthatmotivationtoworkoutcanbealittledifficult.G．Youmeetlike-mindedpeoplethere,andyoucansupporteachotherduringadifficultworkout.TrustedMediaBrandsisamediaanddirectmarketingcompany.Itconnectsconsumerswithabsorbingcontent,inspiringcommunities,andproducts&servicesthatbringtheirpassionstolife.____36____Manypeopletakeitasthefavorite.Sinceourbeginning,we’vebeencreatingthekindofcontentthatreaderswanttodeeplyengagewithagainandagain.Ourtrusted,empoweringandupliftingcontentisdesignedtohelpourreadersimprovetheirlivesandgrowtheirconnectionsandexperiencesoflife.____37____ExpandedEngagementOurtitlesnotonlyhavethestrongestengagementamongourpeers,butourcompanycreatesalevelofengagementthatisbothactivetowardthecontentandtheadvertisers’messages.____38____Theydon’tskimourcontent;theyreadeveryword.Whentheyengagewithus,theyarenotlookingtofilltimebutinsteadarefascinatedbothwithourcontentandourpartners’messages.Trusted,EmpoweringandUpliftingContent____39____Theyarebuildingtrust,empoweringourreaders,andprovidinganinspiringspirit.Andthosewhocometoustoseekcontentwillfinditrewardtheirattentionandsatisfythemselveswithideas,knowledgeandinspiration.Thesethreefundamentalprinciplesareintroducedasfollows.Trustisbuiltintoeachofourtitleswithexpertandtruthfulcontent.Ourcontentalsoprovidesthefueltoempowernotjustourreadersbuttheirfamilyandfriendsandevenacquaintancesbecauseitisintendedtobeshared,enrichestheirlivesandbringseveryoneclosertogether.____40____A．Ourcontentisbuiltaroundthreecorethemes.B．Itenjoysagoodreputationathomeandabroad.C．Ourreadersarefullyinvolved,notdistracted.D．Socompaniesshouldgettheirprofithonestly.E．It’sourmaintasktoofferthereadersinformationineveryfield.F．Thenweareabletouniquelypromotethereaders’engagementthroughthecontent.G．Andlastlyourbrandtitlesconsistentlyofferwarmth,pomposity,andanupliftingspirit.ToputintowordsmytimeinAntarcticaandSouthGeorgiaisnearlyimpossible.Ihadalwaysdescribeditasaonceinalifetimeexperience,butassoonasIsteppedfootonthecontinent,IimmediatelyknewIneededtoreturn.____41____About50%ofthepassengersofourexpedition(远征)hadbeentoAntarcticaatleastoncebefore.Thisgoestoshowjusthowmagicalofadestinationitis.Allyoursenseswillbestimulated...isthebestwayIcandescribethetimeonthewhitecontinent.Howtinyyoufeelnexttotoweringglaciersandicebergs.TheicywatermovingthroughyourbodyasyoutaketheinfamousPolarPlunge.Thelearningofheart-touchingstoriesofsurvivalfromexplorersofthepast.____42____Antarcticamakesyoufeelsosmallandinsignificant,inthebestway.____43____Yougetfrontrowseatstowitnessthemostincredibleshow:nature.Itisasmuchbeautifulasisitcruel.Likeseeingabrownskua(贼鸥)attackingapenguinchick.Yourheartaches.ThenyourexpeditionguideregretfullytellsyouthatachickthatissmallinMarchwouldhaveveryslimchancesofsurvivingtheupcomingwinter.Thecyclecontinues,andyou’releftwonderingwhotorootfor.ThingsmovefastinAntarctica,andeverymonthofferssomethingreallyuniqueandspecialtosee.InMarch,theweatherisabitmoreunpredictable,andtheseaiceisbeginningtoformagain.____44____Intwomoreweeks,expeditionshipswouldnotbeabletobreakthroughtheice.Thepenguinsarecompletingtheiryearlyfeather-changingprocess.____45____Theexpeditionteammadesurewekeptourdistanceanddidnotscarethemintohidingunderfreezingwater.Theseanimals,arguablythecutestyouwilleversee,survivesuchunfavorableenvironments.It’sabsolutelyincredibletowitnessthechallenges,theskill,theefforts,allofit.Iamforevergratefultohavebeenavisitor.A．Thelistgoeson.B．Butthisisnotalwaysthecase.C．Ourvoyagewasthelastoftheseason.D．Iwasnottheonlyonewhofeltthisway.E．I,yearslater,didreturntothisfascinatingplace.F．Theyarereallyweakduringthistime,andcannotdive.G．Everythinghasapurpose,andthecycleoflifeisevident.Forteenagers,theimportanceofadequatenightlysleepremainsconstant.Enoughshut-eyetimeiscrucialtobothphysicalhealthandcognitivefunctioning.____46____Parentsaredeeplyworriedaboutthis.Herearesometipsforparentstocushiontheblowfromtheschoolstuff,suchasearlierschoolstarttimeandmountingamountsofhomework.Setupabedtimeroutine.Aregularbedtimeroutinestartingaroundthesametimeeachnightencouragesgoodsleeppatterns.____47____Foroldones,thismightincludeaquietandreflectivechat.Checknoiseandlightinyourchild’sbedroom.____48____Checkifyourchild’sbedroomistoolightornoisyforsleep.Bluelightfromvariousscreensmightcontainmelatoninlevelsanddelaysleepiness.Ensuregooddinnerwithreasonableamounts.Thesayinggoesthatweshouldeatlikeakinginthemorning,aprinceatnoonandafarmeratnight.Butthefarmer-wayofdinnerdoesn’tapplytoyourchildren.Theyneedmorenutrition.Butmakesureyourchildhasarightamountofeveningmeal.Feelinghungryorfullbeforebedmakesyourchilduncomfortable.____49________50____Mostchildrenreceiveaportionoftheirrecommendedamountofsleepeachdayfromnaps.Notsleepingthroughthenightisfairlycommonforyoungchildren,sotheyneedanextraboostfromdaytimenapstoensuretheygetenoughsleepforanygiven24-hourperiod.A．Takeagoodnap.B．Sleepthroughthenight.C．Thiscanmakeithardforyourchildtogettosleep.D．Aquiet,dimlylitspaceisimportantforagoodsleep.E．Fixedbathandstorytimehelpssmallkidsreadyforsleep.F．Daytimenapsaresaidtobeagoodadditiontonightlysleep.G．Thatsaid,surveysrevealoneinfiveteenssleeplessthansevenhours.参考答案：1．F2．D3．A4．E5．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何在度假时更好地保护环境的几条建议。1．根据空前“Whilemostformsoftransportproducecarbondioxide,oneofthegassesresponsibleforglobalwarming,planeshaveamassivecarbonfootprintbecauseofthehugenumberofmilestheytravel.（虽然大多数交通工具都会产生导致全球变暖的二氧化碳，但由于飞机飞行了大量的英里数，因此会产生大量的碳足迹。）和空后“There’ssomuchtoseeanddointheUKyetmostofusoverlooktheendlesspossibilities.（英国有那么多可看可做的事情，但我们大多数人都忽视了无限的可能性。）可知，空处谈论的是建议大家选择不要坐飞机出行，结合选项可知，选项F.Sowhynotskipflyinginfavorofaholidayclosertohome?(所以，为什么不放弃飞机旅行，选择离家近一点的假期呢?)这一句承上启下，符合题意。故选F项。2．根据空后“Alloftheirbottles,fromshampooandconditionertobodywashandmoisturizers,arenowmadefromrecycledplasticthatcanbere-purposedagainandagainsononewplasticisproduced.Andtheiriconicsoapbarsnowalsocomeinplastic-freepackaging.（他们所有的瓶子，从洗发水、护发素到沐浴露和润肤霜，现在都是由回收塑料制成的，这些塑料可以一次又一次地重复使用，所以不会产生新的塑料。他们标志性的香皂现在也采用无塑料包装。）可知，空处谈论的是环保产品；选项D.Takeenvironmentally-friendlybeautyandbathingproductswithyou.(随身携带环保美容沐浴产品)符合题意，下文their指代选项中的products。故选D项。3．空处是本段的主旨句。根据空后“Hotelscanbehugeproducersofgreenhousegasses—thinkaboutthewaterthat’swasted,allthebathroomproductsthrownouthalfusedandallthebuffetfoodthatgoesuneaten.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Sochooseaneco-friendlyoptioninstead.Campingandahomestay—whereyoulivewithafamilyintheirownhome—aretwoofthebestoptions.（酒店是温室气体的巨大制造者——想想那些被浪费掉的水，那些被浪费掉一半的浴室用品，还有那些没有被吃掉的自助餐。所以选择一个环保的住处。露营和民宿是两个最好的选择，在那里你和一家人住在自己的家里。）”可知，本段主要讲述选择一个环保的住处；根据选项可知，选项A.Thinkaboutgreenaccommodation(考虑住在环保的住处。)能概括本段大意，符合题意。故选A项。4．根据上文“Butifyouinsistonstayinginthehotel,pickonemadefromsustainablematerials.”（但如果你坚持住酒店，那就选择一家由可持续材料制成的酒店）可知，选项承接上文说明要住在环保的酒店内，选项E“住在使用新能源的酒店里也是可以接受的”切题。故选E项。5．根据空后“Avoidanythingplastic,orifitisplasticmakesureitis100%recyclable,andmakesureyourfriendswilllovewhateveryougivethemsoitisn’tjustthrowninthebinheadedforlandfill.（避免任何塑料制品，如果是塑料制品，确保它是100%可回收的，并确保你的朋友会喜欢你送他们的任何东西，这样它们就不会被直接扔进垃圾箱，然后被扔进垃圾填埋场。）可知，空处谈论的是如何选择礼物；根据选项可知，选项C.Butmakesureyouchooseitemscarefully.(但一定要仔细挑选。)与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选C项。6．D7．C8．E9．B10．F【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了土壤的重要性和土壤侵蚀问题，呼吁我们保护土壤。6．根据上文“Soilsgrowthefoodthatprovidesanestimated98.8percentofourdailycalories,accordingtoapaperinEnvironmentInternational,andhousemorethan25percentoftheworld’sbiodiversity.(根据《国际环境》杂志的一篇论文，土壤种植的食物提供了我们每天约98.8%的热量，并容纳了世界上25%以上的生物多样性)”可知，上文介绍了土壤的重要性，D项意为“土壤还储存大量的淡水和碳。”选项能够承接上文，介绍的也是土壤的重要性，土壤储存大量的淡水和碳。故选D。7．根据上文“Healthysoilismarkedbyitsporous(多孔)structure,producedbyrootgrowthaswellastheactivitiesofearthwormsandinsects.(健康的土壤以其多孔结构为特征，多孔结构由根生长以及蚯蚓和昆虫的活动产生。)”可知，上文介绍了土壤的多孔结构，C项意为“这种结构允许降雨在健康土壤中深度下沉。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了土壤的多孔结构的作用。故选C。8．根据上文“Soilscannotberegeneratedquickly.(土壤不能快速再生。)”可知，上文介绍了土壤不能快速再生，E项意为“产生几厘米的土壤可能需要1000年的时间。”选项能够承接上文，介绍了土壤再生需要很长时间，产生几厘米的土壤可能需要1000年的时间。故选E。9．根据下文“Erosionoccurswhensoilisdisplacedbywindorwater—washedofffarmsandstoredinditchesandstreams,orblownacrossthelandscapeasdust.(当土壤被风或水从农场冲走，并储存在沟渠和溪流中，或作为灰尘吹过景观时，就会发生侵蚀。)”可知，下文介绍了土壤侵蚀现象，B项意为“土壤侵蚀是世界范围内一个特别严重的问题。”选项能够引起下文，下文具体介绍了什么是土壤侵蚀。故选B。10．根据上文“Healthysoilresistserosionwell,especiallyifitisprotectedbyplantsabovegroundandrootsbelow-ground.(健康的土壤能很好地抵抗侵蚀，特别是如果它受到地上植物和地下根的保护。)”可知，如果土壤受到地上植物和地下根的保护，可以很好地抵抗侵蚀，F项意为“但当土壤裸露时，风和水更容易将其移走。”选项与上文构成转折关系，受到地上植物和地下根保护的土壤可以很好地抵抗侵蚀，但当土壤裸露时，风和水更容易将其移走。故选F。11．C12．D13．F14．E15．G【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了如何摆脱压力和糟糕的情绪。11．根据上文“Anyonecangetstuckinabadmood—butyoudon’thavetostaythere!(任何人都可能陷入糟糕的情绪——但你不必待在那里！)”可知，上文告诉我们任何人都可以摆脱糟糕的情绪，不必深陷其中，C项“幸好，有很多方法可以让你回到正轨。”能够承接上文，且能够引起下文，下文介绍了摆脱糟糕情绪的方法。故选C。12．根据上文“Onceyou’reinamoodyouneedtoshake,startbygoingtoyourhappyplace.(一旦你有了需要摆脱的情绪，就你让你快乐的地方开始。)”可知，上文告诉我们可以通过从让你快乐的地方摆脱糟糕的情绪，D项“如果可以，进入大自然，呼吸新鲜空气。”能够承接上文，“大自然”是让你感到快乐的地方，你可以去那里呼吸新鲜空气。故选D。13．根据上文“Wecanmakeoursituationsworsebykeepingthinkingaboutnegativethoughts.(我们可能通过不断思考消极的想法来使我们的处境变得更糟。)”可知，上文告诉我们不断思考消极的想法会使我们的处境变得更糟，F项“当消极的想法闪现时，用积极的想法代替它。”能够承接上文，为了摆脱糟糕的情绪，我们要用积极的想法代替消极的想法。故选F。14．根据上文“Whetheritisgoingforacoffeeatyourfavoritecafé,orcatchingamovieinthetheatre,makesurethatonceaweekyouschedulesome“me”time.(无论是去你最喜欢的咖啡馆喝咖啡，还是去电影院看电影，确保每周安排一些“我”的时间。)”可知，上文告诉我们每周要安排一些属于自己的时间，E项“缓解你的压力，恢复你的思想、身体和精神。”能够承接上文，每周要安排一些属于自己的时间，这样做可以缓解你的压力，让你的思想、身体和精神得到恢复。故选E。15．根据下文“Whetherit’stherarebitofeasytrafficonyourwaytoworkorthebreakintheweather,youwon’thavetimetocomplainaboutthenegativethingsbecauseyou’resobusybeinggrateful.(无论是上班路上难得的顺畅交通，还是天气晴好，你都没有时间抱怨负面的事情，因为你忙着感恩。)”可知，下文告诉我们要学会感恩身边的人和事物，G项“当消极态度占据上风时，通过练习感恩来摆脱它。”能够引起下文，告诉我们要通过感恩来摆脱消极态度，选项中的“gratitude”和下文的“grateful”相呼应。故选G。16．E17．C18．G19．B20．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章向我们揭露了朋友的重要性，表明了孤独的危害，同时道出了成年后交朋友并不总是那么容易的原因。16．上文“Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.(多年来，美国的友谊一直在衰退。)”在讲述美国的友谊一直在衰退；下文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.(友谊可能是幸福的一个重要因素，而孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关。)”在讲述友谊的益处；选项E“Thetrendhasbeenacceleratedduringthepandemic.(在疫情期间，这一趋势有所加速。)”在讲述美国友谊衰退这一趋势在加速，因为在疫情期间，人们通常是呆在家里的，这更加不利于友谊的发展，故本句承接了上文所述内容，是对上文内容的补充，同时引出下文对于友谊重要性的阐述；故选项E符合语境；故选E项。17．前文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.(友谊可能是幸福的一个重要因素，而孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关。)”在讲述友谊的重要性，同时提出孤独可能与抑郁、焦虑或心脏病和中风有关；上文“Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said(心理学教授Julianne说)”表明了空处是Julianne说的话；选项C“Lonelinessisasharmfultohealthassmoking.(孤独和抽烟一样对健康有害。)”也是在讲述孤独的坏处，与前文所述主旨一致，都意在表明孤独的危害；故选项C符合语境；故选C项。18．上文“Whilesheadmitstherearen’tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.(虽然她承认，没有多少研究专门处理人们应该有多少朋友的问题，但3到6个亲密朋友可能是最佳选择。)”在讲述人们拥有3至6个亲密朋友可能是最佳选择；下文“Anotherstudyfoundmiddle-agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.(另一项研究发现，有三个或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的满意度。)”在讲述有三个或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的满意度；选项G“Onestudyshowedpeoplehavingsixormorefriendshavebetterhealth.(一项研究表明，有六个或更多朋友的人身体更健康。)”在讲述有六个或更多朋友的人身体更健康，与上下文主旨一致，都是对人们到底该有多少朋友的问题的研究探讨；故选项G符合语境；故选G项。19．下文“Lonelinessisasortofsignaloralarmsystem.Everyonefeelslonelyfromtimetotime,butthisisadeeperquestionaboutwhetheryouregularlyfeelleftoutorisolated.OnerecentsurveysuggestedthatroughlyoneinthreeAmericanshaveexperienced“seriousloneliness”.(孤独是一种信号或警报系统。每个人都会时不时地感到孤独，但这是一个关于你是否经常感到被冷落或孤立的更深层次的问题。最近的一项调查显示，大约三分之一的美国人经历过“严重的孤独”。)”在讲述与孤独相关的内容，提到了是不是经常感到被冷落或孤立，因为缺少朋友才会经常感到孤独，言外之意，如果经常感到孤独，那说明你就是缺朋友了，故本段主要讲述了怎样判断自己是否需要更多朋友；选项B“Howcanyoutellifyouneedmorefriends(你怎么知道你是否需要更多的朋友)”提到怎样知道你是否需要更多的朋友，引出了下文对于是否需要更多朋友判断依据的表述，故选项B符合语境；故选B项。20．上文“However,makingfriendsinadulthoodisn’talwayseasy.Researchshowspeoplestrugglewithitbecausetheyfinditdifficulttotrustnewpeopleandbecausetheyaresimplyshortoftime.Forthosereasons,itisofteneasiertostartbyrestartingoldrelationships.Takeactionanddon’tassumethatfriendshipsjusthappenorganically.(然而，成年后交朋友并不总是那么容易。研究表明，人们在这方面很挣扎，因为他们发现很难信任新人，因为他们只是时间不够。出于这些原因，通常更容易从重新开始旧的关系为开始。采取行动，不要以为友谊是自然产生的。)”在讲述人们因为交往时间短而不信任新人，往往又重新开始旧的关系；下文“Dr.Hall’sresearchsuggeststhatonaverage,veryclosefriendshipstendtotakearound200hourstodevelop.(Hall的研究表明，一般来说，非常亲密的友谊往往需要大约200个小时才能建立起来。)”在讲述非常亲密的友谊往往需要大约200个小时才能建立起来；选项F“Theamountoftimeyouspendwithyourfriendsmatters,too.(和朋友在一起的时间也很重要)”在讲述和朋友在一起的时间也很重要，承接了上文所述内容，同时引出下文拿出具体研究结果为依据来对空处所述内容的论证；故选项F符合语境；故选F项。21．G22．B23．E24．D25．C【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了能够让上学第一天尽可能顺利地进行