2021高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解训练七

阅读理解训练（7）

A

Atonetimeitwasthedreamformanylittlegirlstobecomeanurse.Today,however,

AmericaisfacingitsworstnurseshortagesinceWorldWarI.Recentlyabout2,000,

000nursesareneededand60percentofallhospitalsintheUShaveshortageslarge

enoughtothreaten（=saythatyouwillhurtsomebodyiftheydon，tdowhatyouwant）

thequalityofcareprovided.Thedemandfornursesspreadswidelythroughoutthe

nursingfield.

Whathasbecomeofthesewomeninwhite?Theanswerliesinnotonebutseveral

causes.Onepossibilityisthefactthatwomanhavegreatercareeroptions（职

业选择）.Inthepast,womenwhochosetoworkoutsidethehomehadtwobasicchoices

nursingorteaching.Today,morewomenthaneverareintheworkforce,buttheir

optionshavegreatlyincreased.Therearewomendoctors,lawyers,firefightersand

policeofficers.Infact,womentodayarefoundinnearlyeveryfieldofwork.Nursing

hasbeenleftbehind,aswomenmoveontojobswithhigherpayandgreaterstatus

（地位）.Awomanormaninthenursingfieldisoftenlookeddownuponasumerely

anurse”.Teachersmaybealsoatfault.Manyhighschoolstudentsareactuallybeing

steered（劝导）awayfromnursing,toldbyteachersthattheyare“toobrightto

beanurse”.

Americansarelivinglongerthaneverandrequiringmoremedicalattention.In

fact,thenumberofelderlypatientshasalmostdoubledinthepasttwentyyears.

Obviouslyalargerpopulationrequiresmorenurses.AIDSandotherdiseaseshave

causedmoreandmorepeopletoneednursingcare.Usuallyfataldiseasesmeanlong

drawn-outhospitalstay,thatistosay,morenursesareneededtocareforthese

patients.Itisestimatedthatthedemandfornurseswillbedoubledthesupplyin

thecomingtenyears.

21.WhyisAmericafacingitsworstnurseshortage?

A.Becausethedemandofnurseshasbeendoubled.

B.Becausemoreandmorewomenprefertobeteachersanddoctors.

C.Becausewomenhavebeenprovidedwithmanydifferentjobs.

D.Becausewomennolongerchoosetobenurses.

22.Thepassagetellsusthathighschoolteachersareatfaultfor.

A.notmentioningtheworstnurseshortageintheUS

B.introducingjobswithhigherpayandgreaterstatustotheirstudents

C.notaskingthegovernmenttoraisethenurses'payment

D.persuadingthestudentsnottobenurses

23.Theauthorwrotethispassageinorderto________.

A.describetheunequaltreatmentofwomenintheUS

B.warnpeopletopaymoreattentiontothenursingproblem

C.telluswomenJsfreechoiceofjobstoday

D.callonwomennot.tobenurses

24.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.highschoolstudentsthinkthemselvestoobrighttobenurses.

B.WomenintheUShavegreatercareerchoicethanthoseinothercountries.

C.Ofallthehospitalsintheworld60percentmorenursesarebadlyneeded.

D.Nursingusedtobeapopularjobamongwomen.

参考答案21—24CDBD

B

Onethinksofprincesandpresidentsassomeofthemostpowerfulpeopleinthe

world;however,governments,electedorotherwise,sometimeshavehadtostruggle

withthefinancialpowerhousescalledtycoons.Thewordtycoonisrelativelynewto

theEnglishlanguage.ItisChineseinoriginbutwasgivenasatitletosomeJapanese

generals.ThetermwasbroughttotheUnitedStates,inthelatenineteenthcentury,

whereiteventuallywasusedtorefertomagnateswhoacquiredimmensefortunesfrom

sugarandcattle,coalandoil,rubberandsteel,andrailroads.Somepeoplecalled

thesetycoonsucapitalsofindustry“andpraisedthemfortheircontributionsto

U.S.wealthandinternationalreputation.Otherscriticizedthemascruel“robber

barons,whowouldstopatnothinginpursuitofpersonalwealth.

Theearlytycoonsbuiltsuccessfulbusinesses,oftentakingoversmallercompanies

toeliminatecompetition.Asinglecompanythatcametocontrolanentiremarketwas

calledamonopoly.Monopoliesmadeafewfamiliesverywealthy,buttheyalsoplaced

aheavyfinancialburdenonconsumersandtheeconomyatlarge.

AsthecountryexpandedandrailroadslinkedtheEastCoasttotheWestCoast,

localmonopoliesturnedintonationalcorporationscalledtrusts.Atrustisagroup

ofcompaniesthatjointogetherunderthecontrolofaboardoftrustees.Railroad

trustsareanexcellentexample.Railroadswereprivatelyownedandoperatedandoften

monopolizedvariousroutes,settingratesashighastheydesired.Thefinancial

burdenthisplacedonpassengersandbusinessesincreasedwhenrailroadsformedtrusts.

Farmers,forexample,hadnochoicebuttopay,asrailroadsweretheonlymeansthey

couldusetogettheirgraintobuyers.Exorbitant（过高的）goodsratesputsome

farmersoutofbusiness.

Therewereevenaccusationsthatthetrustscontrolledgovernmentitselfbybuying

votesandmanipulatingelectedofficials.In1890CongresspassedtheSherman

Antitrust.Act,legislationaimedatbreakingthepowerofsuchtrusts.TheSherman

AntitrustActfocusedontwomainissues.Firstofall,itmadeillegalanyeffort

tointerferewiththenormalconductofinterstatetrade.Italsomadeitillegal

tomonopolizeanypartofbusinessthatoperatesacrossstatelines.

Overthenext60yearsorso,Congresspassedotherantitrustlawsinaneffort

toencouragecompetitionandrestrictthepoweroflargercorporations.

25.TheShermanAntitrustAct.

A.affectedonlythecompaniesdoingbusinesswithinstatelines

B.soughttoeliminatemonopoliesinfavorofcompetitioninthemarket-place

C.promotedtradewithalargenumberofnations

D.providesafinancialadvantagetothebuyer

26.Onemightinferfromthispassagethatlowerprices.

A.aremorelikelytoexistinacompetitivemarketeconomy

B.usuallycanbefoundonlyinaneconomybasedonmonopolies

C.matteronlytopeoplewhoarepoorandlivingbelowthepovertylevel

D.areregulatedbythegovernment

27.ItseemslikelythatmanyAmericans.

A.believedthatthetrustshadlittleinfluenceovergovernment

B.expectedthewealthymagnatestosharemoneywiththepoor

C.didlittletobuildupAmericanbusiness

D.wereworriedthattrustsmightmanipulatethegovernment

参考答案25、B26—27、AD

C

AtonetimenoonecouldtravelonanEnglishroadfasterthanfourmilesanhour.

Thatwasthelawuntil1896.Amanhadtowalkinfrontofacarwhichcouldnotgo

fasterthantheman.Atnightthemanhadtocarryaredlamp.

OnceCharlesRollsbroughtacarfromFrancetoEngland,buthewantedtodrivefaster

thanfourmilesanhour.Inordertohavenotroublewiththepolice,hehadatalk

withsomeofthepoliceofficers,whoorderedtheirpolicementolooktheotherway

whenthecarcamealongtheroad.Thiswasagoodplaninthecountry,butnotso

easytofollowinthebusystreetsofLondon.

OnenightRollsandsomefriendsstartedfromLondonontheirjourneytoCambridge.

Oneofthemenwalkedinfrontwiththeredlamp,buthewalkedasfastashecould.

Thepolicebecameveryinterestedinwallsandshop-frontswhentheyheardthecar

andnotoneofthemsawit.

Theyreachedahill,butwhatawasteoftimeitwastodrivedownthehillatfour

milesanhour!Rollswasgettingreadytojumpintothecar,butthenhenoticeda

policemanwhowasnotlookingtheotherway.Theslowcarreachedhim.

“Goodevening,“saidthepoliceman,lookingatthecar.

“Goodevening,“saidRolls,holdingthelamp.

“Oneofthesehorselessthings,“saidthepoliceman,lookingatitwithinterest.

“Yes,"saidRolls,andwaited.

'Tveoftenwantedarideinone,butofcoursepolicemencan'tbuythingslike

that.”HeturnedandlookedhopefullyinRolls'sface.

“Jumpin,"saidRolls.

uThanks,“saidthepoliceman,anddidso."Now,"hesaid,sittingdown,“You

canletitgojustasyoulikedownthishill.Thereisn,tanotherpolicemanonthis

roadforamileandahalf.”

28.Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway“sothat.

A.theycouldwatchthecarcomingfromtheotherdirection

B.Rolls'scarcouldgofasterthanfourmilesanhour

C.theycouldmakesurenoonewasintheway

D.thecarwouldnothitthemontheroad

29.Inwhatwaydidthepolicemencarryouttheorderfromtheirofficers?

A.TheygreetedRollswhenthecarcamealong.

B.Theywalkedinfrontofthecarwitharedlamp.

C.Theypretendedtobeattractedbysomethingelse.

D.Theystoodondutyevery1.5milesalongtheroad.

30.Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening“toRollswantedto______.

A.teachRollsalessonB.takeafreeridehome

C.haveatalkwithRollsD.haveacarrideexperience

31.Afterthepolicemanjumpedintothecar,Rolls.

A.darednotdrivethecarfasterthanhewasallowedto

B.coulddriveasfastashewishedwithinacertaindistance

C.coulddriveonanyroadhelikedfortherestofthejourney

D.drovehiscarasfastashecoulddownthehilltoCambridge

参考答案28—30、BCD31、B

D

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisture（潮湿）fromfoodhelpstostore

it,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.In

thiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican（driedmeatgroundintopowder

andmadeintocakes）,theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddates.

Allfoodsincludewater-cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%

water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom

80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityof

thebacteriaG田菌）whichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,

andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Variousmethodsareused,but

ingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Themethodofsuchdehydration（脱水）is

toputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110℃

atentrytoabout43℃atexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsas

vegetables,minced（切碎的）meat,andfish.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpacked