广场英文导游词

Word第第页广场英文导游词北京天安门广场英文导游词

tiananmen(thegateofheavenlypeace),islocatedinthecenterofbeijing.itwasfirstbuiltin1417andnamedchengtianmen(thegateofheavenlysuccession).attheendofthemingdynasty,itwasseriouslydamagedbywar.whenitwasrebuiltundertheqingin1651,itwasrenamedtiananmen,andservedasthemainentrancetotheimperialcity,theadministrativeandresidentialquartersforcourtofficialsandretainers.thesouthernsectionsoftheimperialcitywallstillstandonbothsidesofthegate.thetoweratthetopofthegateisnine-roomwideandfiveroomdeep.accordingtothebookofchanges,thetwonumbersnineandfive,whencombined,symbolizethesupremestatusofasovereign.

duringthemingandqingdynasties,tiananmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts,whichfollowedthesesteps:

1)theministerofriteswouldreceivetheedictintaihedian(hallofsupremeharmony),wheretheemperorwasholdinghiscourt.theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan(trayofcloud),andwithdrawfromthehallviataihemen(gateofsupremeharmony)

2)theministerwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting(dragonpavilion).beneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviawumen(meridiangate),totiananmengatetower.

3)acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.

4)thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoenix-shapedwoodenboxandloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.thedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheministryofrites.

5)theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.

suchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedas"imperialedictissuedbygoldenphoenix'.

duringthemingandqingdynastiestiananmenwasthemostimportantpassage.itwasthisgatethattheemperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.

onthewestsideoftiananmenstandszhongshanpark(dr.sunyat-senspark),andontheeastside,theworkingpeoplesculturalpalave.theparkwasformerlycalledshejitan(altaroflandandgrain),builtin1420forofferingsacrificialitemstothegodofland.itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreatpioneerofthechinesedemocraticrevolution.

theworkingpeoplesculturalpalaceusedtobetaimiao(thesupremeancestraltemple),wheretabletsofthedeceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.

thestreaminfrontoftiananmeniscalledwaijinshuihe(outergoldenriver),withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.ofthesesevenbridges,historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasfortheexclusiveuseoftheemperorandwasaccordinglycalledyuluqiao(imperialbridge).thebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledwanggongqiao(royalsbridges).fartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerenamedpinjiqiao(ministerialbridges).theremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwrecalledgongshengqiao(commonbridges).theyanrtheoneinfrontofthesupremeancestraltempletotheeastandtheoneinfrontofthealtaroflandandgraintothewest.

thetwostonelionsbythegateoftiananmen,oneoneachsideweremeantassentries.theygazetowardthemiddleaxis,guardingtheemperorswalkway.infrontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledhuabiao.theyareelaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon.behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.thestoryofhuabiaomaybetracedtoacoupleofsources.oneoftheversionsaccreditsitsinventiontooneofthechinesesagekingsnamedyao,whowassaidtohavesetupawoodenpillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoexposeevil-doers,henceitwasoriginallycalledaslanderpillar.lateritwsreducedtoasignpost,andnowitservesasanornament.

thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalled'hou',alegendaryanimal,whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperorsbehaviour.hewasdoingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethepalaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheircomplaintsorreturninduetime.therefore,thetwopairsofbeastsweregiventhenames'wangjunhui'(expectingtheemperorscomingback)and"wangjunchu'(expectingtheemperorsgoingout)respectinvely.

intheolddays,tiananmen,asapartoftheimperialcity,wasmeantforimportantoccasions.thetworowsofchaofang(antechamber),onthesidesbehindthemaingate,wrereservedforcivilandmilitarymembersofthegovernmentwaitingforimperialaudienceandinfrontofthegate,wereofficesofimperialadministration.

onoctober1,1949,chairmanmaozedongproclaimedontiananmenrostrumthefoundingofthepeoplesrepublicofchina.sincethentiananmenhasbeenthesymbolofnewchinea.chairmanmaosportraitishungabovethecentralentrance,flankedbytwoslogans:'longlivethegreatunityofthepeoplesoftheworld'.today,thesplendouroftiananmenattractsmillionofvisitorsfromallovertheworld.therostrumonitstopwasopenedin1988tothepublicforthefirsttimeinitshistory.itoffersapanoramicviewofthesquareandthecityproper.

situatedduesouthoftiananmen,thesquarehasanareaof44hectares(109acres)thatcanaccommodateasmanyasonemillionpeopleforpublicgatherings.ithaswitnessedmayhistoricaleventsinchinasmodernhistoryandisaplaceforcelebrationsonsuchfestivedaysasinternationallabourdayonmay1standnationaldayonoctober1st.

aroundthesquareareseveralfamousbuildings:

1thegreathallofthepeople

thisisoneofthelargestcongressionalbuildingsintheworld.builtin1959,thehallconsistsofthreeparts:a10,000-seatauditoriuminthecenter,abanquethallinthenorthwingfacingchanganstreet,withaseatingcapacityof5,000,andofficesforthestandingcommitteeofthenationalpeoplescongressofchinainthesouth.inaddition,thirty-fourreceptionchambersarenamedaftervariousprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundethecentralgovernment,plushongkongandmacao.eachisdifferentfromtheotherindecorationandfurnishingstostresstheirlocalfeatures.

2themuseumofchinesehistoryandthemuseumofthechineserevolution

thesetwomuseumswerealsobuiltin1959.themuseumofchinesehistoryhousesapermanentexhibitioninfourparts,coveringtheentireprocessofchinesehistoryspanningfrom1.7millionyearsagoto1919:

1)theprimitivesociety(1.7millionyearsagotothe21stcenturybc);

2)theslavesociety(21stcenturybcto476bc.);

3)thefeudalsociety(475bc.to1840ad.);

4)thesemi-colonialandsemi-fedualsociety(1840to1919.)

themuseumofthechineserevolutioncoverstheperiodfrom1919to1949.

3themonumenttothepeoplesheroes

themonumentwasbuiltinmemoryofthousandsofmartyrswhodiedfortherevolutionarycauseofthechinesepeople.itsconstructionbeganonaugust1,1952andwasnotcompleteduntil1958.intheformofanobelisk,themonumentasmadeofmorethan17,000piecesoftraniteandwhitemarble.thepurplepieceinlaidinthefrontofthemonumentwasbroughtfromqingdao,shandongprovince.itis38meters(124ft8in)high,theloftiestofitskindeverseeninthecountry.notonlyisitanhistoricmemorialforimmortalheroes,butalsoitisanartisticworkofexcellentarchitecturalvalue.

onthefrontsideofthemonumentisanengravedinsc-riptioninchinesecharacterswrittenbychairmanmaozedong,whichreads'eternalglorytothepeoplesheroes!'.onthebackofthemonumentisanarticlewrittenbychairmanmao,butinchinesecalligraphybythelatepremierzhouenlai.

atthetopofthemonumentareeightgiganticcarvedwreathesofsuchflowersaspeony,lotusandchrysanthemum,symbolizingnobility,purity,andfortitude.atthebaseofthemonumentareeightmarblereliefsdepictingthechinesehistoriceventssince1840.theyare:

1)theburningofopiumin1840:

2)theuprisingof1851injintian,guangxi;

3)therevolutionof1911;

4)themayfourthmovementof1919;

5)themay30thmovementof1925;

6)theuprisingof1927innanchang,jiangxi;

7)thewarofresistanceagainstjapaneseaggressionfrom1937to1945;

8)thevictoriouscrossingovertheyangtzeriverbythepeoplessliberationarmyin1949.thisreliefisflankedbytwosmallerones"supplyingthefront'and"greetingthep.l.a.'.

4chairmanmaosmausoleum

chairmanmaozedong,thefounderofthepeoplespepublicofchina,passedawayonsepember9,1976.incommemorationofthisgreatman,amausoleumbegantobeconstructedinnovember1976,andwascompletesinaugustthefollowingyear.themausoleumwasofficiallyopenedonseptember9,1977.

themausoleumissurroundedbyfourgroupsofsculpture.eastofthenorthernentranceisthesculpturedepictingt