2020届高考英语阅读理解专项指导课件(共35张PPT)

高考英语阅读

专项指导

题材体裁

阅读理解

真

善

美人物与故事

记叙文兴趣与爱好健康与饮食体育与休闲

说明文

历史与地理世界与环境语言与交际经济与购物科普与技术教育与人才

议论文

情感与心理文化与风俗生活与哲理文学与艺术旅游与交通

应用文

新闻与时事媒体与广告●语篇主要选自英美国家主流媒体，借鉴其文化、科技中积极的元素；●注重用英语讲中国故事，弘扬中国传统文化；●宣扬体育和劳动精神，传播正能量。高考大纲阅读考核微技能要求理解主旨要义理解文中具体信息根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义做出判断和推理理解文章的基本结构理解作者的意图、观点和态度要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：年份卷别主题语境题型考点分布词数人与自我人与社会人与自然细节理解题推理判断题主旨大意题词义猜测题观点态度题篇章结构题2017II卷1180深厚的友谊B剧院演出A飞行汽车C植物自我保护D7322102018II卷1140暑期活动A儿童阅读C闲聊的作用D浆果与核果B9321002019II卷1119志愿者工作B创新思维D书籍介绍A用餐趋势C1022100细节理解题常见的命题方式：1.以when,where,what,which,who,how等疑问词开头引出具体细节信息问题。Whatdoesthewriterpaytheleastattentionto?Whatisthecorrectorderofwhathappenedto….？2.判断是非的形式。含有true/false/nottrue或except等的判断是非的问题。Whichofthefollowingistrue/false/mentioned?Whichofthefollowingismentionedexcept…从题中找关键词—快速通篇跳读---定位与关键信息词对应的信息句---仔细核对比较内容找到答案。解题技法：直接信息题原文定位法间接信息题借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行合理的加工处理。答非所问无中生有张冠李戴信息错误偷梁换柱太过绝对混淆逻辑扩缩范围是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。符合常识，但不是出自文章的内容。与原文极其相似，但细节处有变动，造成句意的改变选项中出现everyoneallnone等绝对化的表达选项将文中描述a物体的内容嫁接到b物体上选项中漏掉／改变原文中的范围／程度，从而改变语义因果倒置，强加因果关系／把主观观点等同于客观事实在意思上与原文大相径庭，或部分正确，部分错误somebodyisintrouble和somebodyistroublesomeintheworld改为national干扰项的特点appear33.Howmuchdoyouhavetopayintotaliffourofyougotogether?$20.B.$40.C.$60.D.$80.34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TicketsaresoldinKwunTongHighSchool.B.It'sunnecessarytotakesoftdrinkswithyou.C.Freedigitalcamerasareprovidedforeverybody.D.Festivalfoodwillbeservedwithoutextracharge.【词汇短语积累】1.celebrate庆祝2.organize组织3.programme节目4.performance表演

5.highlight高潮6.digital数码的7.available可买到的8.volunteer志愿者9.contact联系【长难好句理解】Forthosewhowouldliketobeavolunteer,pleasecontactMissOliviaWongoneweekbeforetheactivity.

定语从句

祈使句直接信息题---原文定位法张冠李戴扩缩范围无中生有

写作金句积累：Forthosewhowouldliketo…..,pleasecontact…….oneweekbeforetheactivity.

间接信息题（语意转换题／综合上下文信息）

2017全国IID篇32.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack？A.Itmakesnoises. B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants. C.Itstandsquietly. D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.原文定位Whenaleafy….Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout…………词义猜测题

Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phrase“…”inthefirstparagraphmean?Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that/it/..”inparagraph2referto?Whatdoestheauthormeanby“…”inparagraph3?Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph？Theword"…"couldbereplacedby___.

Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．常见的命题方向：1.直接在文章中猜测某个生僻词／短语的含义２.对文中熟悉的多义词或短语进行精确含义判断

3.判断文中的某个代词指代的对象的确定利用常识背景利用语法关系利用逻辑关系利用常识背景1.Mostoftheflowersarebeginningtowitherbecauseofthecoldweather.2.Theheatofthesunwarmssomeoceanwater.Thesurfaceofthewaterevaporates,formingacloudofwarm,wetairthatmovesupward.枯萎蒸发2.同位语：Theinventionofsnorkel,alongairtubethatreachesuptothesurface,hasmadeitpossibleforsubmarinestousetheir…(

)利用语法关系1.定语从句／举例子：Jackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.()花商,花店主人潜水者的呼吸管夜班危险3.标点符号：(1)Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.()(2)Althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany---theunbearableheat,thelackofwater,thepossibilityofgettinglost,thepresenceofwildanimalsandpoisonoussnakes---Collinsneverthelessdecidedthatshemustgo.()1.因果关系进行判断Ididn’theartheknockingatthedoor,becauseIwascompletelyengrossedinstudyingEnglishontheInternet.()利用逻辑关系爱交际的2.同义词和反义词猜测词义：同义also,as,similarly,likewise,

反义however,onthecontrary,unlikeUnlikehergregarioussister,Janeisashyperson,whodoesnotliketogotoparties,ortomakefriends.()全神贯注的推理判断题细节内容文章来源内容发展写作手法读者对象人物性格inferimplyindicatesuggestconcludelearn注意：❶不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点❷注意文中的虚拟语气和情态动词❸推理的根据来自于上下文。2017全国II卷D篇35．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thewordischangingfasterthanever. B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems. D.PeopleinDarwin’stimeweremoreimaginative.

判断有据，推论有理，

忠于原文CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate(亲密的)thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.原文定位文章主题，内容特点，文体特征，语言风格命题形式1.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?2.Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear?2018全国IIB篇27.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Aresearchpaper.D.Atravelbrochure.

ManyofusloveJuly…….Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,……moreprotein(蛋白质)，ironandzinc…..Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物质).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(樱花),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

…..

Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty；theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.newspaper

报纸advertisement 广告magazine

杂志website/Internet 网络biography人物传记

sciencereport 科学报告bookreview 书评textbook 教科书

travelguide 旅游指南

brochure 情况介绍手册paper 报纸、论文

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribe….2.Whichwordscanbeusedtodescribe…?3.Whatkindofpersonis….?ambitious

有抱负的

cautious

谨慎的

industrious 勤奋的adaptable 适应能力强的knowledgeable 学识渊博的dependable/reliable 可靠的responsible 负责任的independent 独立的modest 谦虚的easy-going 随和的outgoing 外向的faithful 守信的cooperative 乐于合作的观点态度题作者态度倾向判断attitude作者写作意图判断purposepositive，supportive,approvingoptimistic,favorable,sympathetic,caringneutral,objective,fair-minded

1．作者态度倾向判断：Howdoestheauthorfeelabout…?Whatistheauthor’sattitudeto….?negative,opposed,pessimistic,critical,disapproving,doubtful,skeptical,suspicious公正的有同情心的批评的

2．作者写作意图判断(1)整篇文章的写作意图Whatisthepurposeofthetext?Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?Toentertain/amusereaders逗开心Topersuade 劝服Toinform 通知Toexplain

…

解释Tointroduce…. 介绍Topresent…to…

展示Topropose…

提议Tosummarize…

总结Toprovide…

提供Toshare…

分享Toadvertise…

做广告Toencourage…

鼓励

(2)文中某自然段或某细节的写作意图WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinPara….?Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?AToencouragedonations. B.Toadvertisecomingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits. D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecan’tachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporationsandothersocialorganizations.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.原文定位主旨大意题●要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意●寻找主题句：段首、段尾●关注反复出现中心词，高频词汇●读完文章后回顾文章的大致内容，理清脉络和段落之间的逻辑关系。●把握文章逻辑结构

１.时间顺序。主题通常在首段或末段。

2.总-分-总。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。这种结构的文章主题在首段。

３.分-总。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题在末段。

4.对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异为主题。常见的命题方式：Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage/text?Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Whatisthepassage/textmainlyabout?总结某段大意类概括全文大意类归纳最佳标题类2017全国IIC篇28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition. B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars. C.ThedesignersoftheTransition.

关注文章中出现的高频词汇总结某段大意类TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle---namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsand

wingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand

115intheflies

usinga23-gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.原文定位干扰项的设置：以偏概全：概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容。主题扩大：概括的范围过大，超过了文章实际讨论的内容。似是而非：选项中的关键词在文中出现了，但认真分析后发现它与文章的主旨毫无联系。2018全国IIC篇

31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated. B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.1234关注文章结构2018全国IID篇35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.ConversationCounts B.WaysofMakingSmallTalkC.BenefitsofSmallTalk D.UncomfortableSilenceWe’veallbeenthere:inalift,…….What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethat…….Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,…….Ina2014study,…..Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangers

feelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers…...Carduccibelieves…smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners,”hesays.12345列出现象追述闲聊的好处列出现象

把握文章逻辑结构+反复出现的中心词

研究例证闲聊的好处●按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构1.Howisthepassageorganized？A.Topic---argument----description B.Opinion—discussion---explanationC.Mainidea---comparison---supportingexamples

D.Topic----argument----conclusion篇章结构题2.Whichofthefollowingisthebeststructureofthepassage？●按写作方法理解文章的结构Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby________.followingspaceorder B.followingtimeorderC.makingclassifications分类 D.givingexamplesusingfigures 列数据makingcomparisons 做比较givingdefinitions 下定义causeandeffect 因果法段首段中段尾篇章结构题●七选五主题句过渡句总结句总体原则：主题中心句原则段落一致性原则利用核心词语复现利用代词指代提示利用句子逻辑线索因果关系：sothereforethushenceaccordinglyconsequentlyasaresult并列关系:First,second,third;Firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;Foronething,foranother;Ontheonehand,ontheotherhand转折关系:however,nevertheless,though,yet,otherwise对比关系:onthecontrary;bycontrast;incomparison递进关系:also,furthermore,even,besides,moreover,inaddition,what’smore解释关系:forexample,forinstance概括总结:inshort;inaword;toconclude;tosumup段首:主题句段中：过渡句段尾：总结句2018全国IIIfyouarealreadymakingthetimetoexercise,itisgoodindeed!Withsuchbusylives,itcanbehardtotryandfindthetimetoworkout.

___36___Workingoutinthemorningprovidesadditionalbenefitsbeyondbeingphysicallyfit.●Yourproductivityisimproved.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandreadytohandlewhateverisaheadofyoufortheday.

___37___●Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart.

___38___Ifyouworkoutinthemornings,thenyouwillbegettingthecalorie(卡路里)burningbenefitsforthewholeday,notinyoursleep.●

___39___Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.●

___40___Ifyouworkoutbrightandearlyinthemorning,youwillbemorelikelytosticktohealthyfoodchoicesthroughouttheday.Whowouldwanttoruintheirgoodworkoutbyeatingjunkfood?Youwillwanttocontinuetofocusonpositivechoices.Therearealotofbenefitstoworkingout,especiallyinthemornings.Setyouralarmclockanhourearlyandpushyourselftoworkout!Youwillfeelenergizedalldaylong.A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup!●Yourproductivityisimproved……………….●Yourmetabolism(新陈代谢)getsaheadstart….

●

___39___Studiesfoundthatpeoplewhowokeupearlyforexercisesleptbetterthanthosewhoexercisedintheevening.Exerciseenergizesyou,soitismoredifficulttorelaxandhaveapeacefulsleepwhenyouareveryexcited.段首:主题句段中：过渡句段尾：总结句A.Youwillsticktoyourdiet.B.Yourqualityofsleepimproves.C.Youpreferhealthyfoodtofastfood.D.Thereisnoreasonyoushouldexerciseinthemorning.E.Youcankeepyourheadclearfor4-10hoursafterexercise.F.Afteryouexercise,youcontinuetoburncaloriesthroughouttheday.G.Ifyouareplanningtodoexerciseregularly,oryou’redoingitnow,thenlistenup