期中复习专题三语法 牛津深圳版英语八年级上册

八年级英语牛津深圳版上册期中复习专题三：语法【语法归纳】不定代词（一）Some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，表示“一些….”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。some一般用于肯定句any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。（二）some和any的特殊用法：①some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。②any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。③some+单数名词,表示某一复合不定代词教材典句【二】数次（1）基数词㈠定义：表示数目多少的词称为基数词。1.1-12为独立的单词，有其各自的形式。One、two、three、four、five、six、seven、eight、nineTen、eleven、twelve2.13-19都以-teen结尾，它们都有两个重读音节。Thirteen、fourteen、seventeen、sixteen、eighteen、fifteen、nineteen3.20-90之间的“整十”都以-ty结尾。twenty sixtythirty seventyForty eightyfifty ninety4.表示21-99之间的“几十几”时，先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字号：Eg：21twenty-one,36thirty-six,45forty-five,99ninety-nine5.百位数101—999之间非整百的基数词表示法。先说“几百”，后接and，再加末尾十位数(或个位数)6.千位数以上1000以上的基数词的表示法：thousand(千)，million(百万)，billion(十亿)基数词用法1.表示数量的多少。2.表示年份和年龄。3.表示时刻（半小时用half，一刻钟用aquarter，半小时以内用past，超过半小时用to）4.表顺序。基数词表顺序时，由“单数名词+基数词”构成，此时名词和基数词首字母要大写。[易错点提醒]“单数名词+基数词”=“the+序数词+单数名词”（此处名词首字母无需大写）如：LessonTen=thetenthlesson;Page5=thefifthpage2．序数词:㈠定义：表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词。1.第1-3，他们分别是：first，second，third2.第4-19，除fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth的拼写比较特殊外，其余都由相应的基数词加-th构成。fourtheighthtwelfthsixteenthfifthninththirteenthseventeenthsixthtenthfourteentheighteenthseventheleventhfifteenthnineteenth3.第20-90之间“第几十”的序数词由相应的基数词去掉-y加–ieth.twentiethsixtieththirtiethseventiethfortietheightiethfiftiethninetieth4.非整十的多位数，将个位数变成序数词即可：hundred,thousand,million等序数词形式为hundredth,thousandth,millionth等：㈡序数词的用法表示顺序。序数词表示顺序时，其前要加冠词the，其后接单数名词。表示日期中的“日”。3.20XX年7月6日表示为:July6th,2010,读作：Julythesixth,twothousandandten.序数词前也可用不定冠词a/an，表示“再….”，“又…”。5.当序数词与形容词性物主代词、名词所有格连用时，其前面不用定冠词。3．加减乘除式的表达法1）plus,add(+加)2)minus,subtract(减)3)multiply,times(乘)4）divide（除）【三】形容词的比较级和最高级（一）形容词1、形容词的定义：形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。2、形容词的用法：（1）作定语，一般放在名词之前，不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等之后。（2）作表语，放在系动词的后面。系动词主要有以下四种：①be动词：am/is/are;was/were②感官动词：look/taste/sound/smell/feel③变化动词：become/get/turn/go④保持类：keep,stay,remain注意：look做实意动词后面加介词/副词时，要用副词来修饰。如：lookatthedogcarefully.（3）作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。常用句型make/think/find/keep...+宾语+形容词。3.

某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成名词，表示一类人。常见的形容词有：good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。4.用and或or连接起来的两个形容词作定语时，一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面，起进一步解释的作用。5.多个形容词作修饰名词时，其顺序如下：限定词（指示代词、冠词、形容词性物主代词、数词）——描绘词（大小、长短、形状、新旧、长幼、颜色）——材料。（二）比较级/最高级变化规则1、规则变化（1）单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词，在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。情况构成方法原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以不发音e结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y

为i再加-er或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-estfathotfatterhotterfattesthottest（2）两个音节或两个以上音节的，在原级前加more/most。原级比较级最高级useful（有用的）moreusefulmostusefuldifficult（困难的）moredifficultmostdifficultdelicious（美味的）moredeliciousmostdelicious2、不规则变化（两好两坏两多一少一老一远）原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好的；（身体）好的bad，badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；（身体）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身体）最不舒服的ill（身体）不舒服的many许多的（可数）more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的（不可数）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的old老的older更老的oldest最老的elder更年长的eldest最年长的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的，最远地further进一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）（三）形容词原级用法（1）A+谓语+as+adj./adv.

原级+as+B：表示“A和B一样”。（2）A+谓语+（倍数）+as+adj./adv.

原级+as+B：表示“A是B的几倍”（3）A+谓语否定形式(not)+as(so)+adj./adv.

原级+as+B：表示“A

不如B”。否定形式可用比较级进行句型转换。（4）assoonaspossible/assoonasyoucan：尽可能地快；aswellas

和..一样好；也，又（四）比较级用法（1）...+

比较级+than...Which/whois+(the)比较级，AorB?倍数+比较级+than...（2）“比较级and

比较级（单音节词）”或者“moreandmore+原级（多音节词）”表示越来越...（3）The+比较级，the+比较级

表示“越...越...”（4）比较级前可用much,even,far,abit,alittle等来修饰；原级前可用very,too,so,enough,rather,quite等修饰。切记不能用more来修饰比较级，more本身的构成多音节形容词的比较级。（五）最高级用法（1）the+最高级+由of/in构成的表示范围的介词短语，表示“在...最...”（2）oneofthe+最高级+名词复数，表示“最...之一”（3）the+序数词+最高级：表示某个范围内在“第几位”注意：形容词的最高级前面一般要加定冠词the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰词时，则不用定冠词the。【语法专练】()1.OurgroupLeoandLily.A.includedB.includingC.includesD.toinclude()2.CanyougivemeA4paper?A.someB.anyC.somethingD.anything()3.Doyouhavequestions?Pleaseraiseyourhand.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.anything()4.Thisarmystartedfromfourtofivesolders.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof()5.TimcanplaytabletennisasasSam.A.worseB.bestC.wellD.good()6.Withoutsaying,heleftinahurry.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.some()7.Whatacoolboy!Helooksastar.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked()8.Canyousolvetheproblemadifferentway?A.inB.onC.ofD.at()9.Hebecameevenatmathsbecauseofhishardwork.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best()10.Canyoumakesureoftheinventorsrightnow?A.theamountofB.thenumberofC.anumberofD.anamountof()11.Thebagislight.Icancarryit.A.easyB.easilyC.lightD.hardly()12.Doyouhaveagoodwayofthefoodfreshwithoutafridge?A.keepingB.keepsC.keptD.keep()13.Therethreefoxesandtheylivedahappylifetogether.A.beB.haveC.areD.were()14.Whenandwheretheaccident?A.was;happenB.is;happenCdid;happenedD.did;happened()15.Sheknowsthatsheyoung.A.is;anylongerB.isn'tanylongerC.isn'tnolongerD.is;nolonger()16.Canyoutellmegettothenearestpostoffice?A.HowtoB.howcanIC.howIcanD.whereto()17.Wecandotohelpherwait.A.something;butB.everything;butC.nothing;butD.nothing;so()18.Ithinkthelessonismoredifficultthanthe.A.ninth;twentyB.nineth;twentiethC.nineth;twentiehD.ninth;twentieth()19.Iamgettingeachmonth,Ican'tputonmyjeans.A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.heaviest()20.IthinkJohnwillbe.A.bestB.goodC.thebestD.better()21.Itisoneinthecity.A.muchbeautifulB.morebeautifulC.beautifulD.themostbeautiful()22.Yourshoesaretoo.A.dirtyB.dirtierC.dirtiestD.thedirtiest()23.LeospenttimebutdidworkthanTony.A.less;moreB.little;muchC.little;moreD.less;much()24.Peoplebegantousecomputersthe1970s.A.inB.onC.atD.for()25.TheairinGuangzhouisgettingmuchthanbefore.A.cleanB.thecleanestC.cleanestD.cleaner()26.Ithinkthepinkoneis.A.niceB.nicestC.thenicestD.nicer()27.Shealwaysstudentinourclass.A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcareful()28.Myuncleusedaverygoodfootballplayer.A.tobeB.beingC.beD.been()29.Theystopped,buttherewasnosound.A.tolistenB.listeningC.listensD.listen()30.Ilookforwardtoyourletter.A.receivingB.receiveC.receivedD.receives()31.MotherusuallyspendshalfanhourherE-mails.A.answeringB.toanswerC.answerD.answering()32.Liedownonyourbedandmakeyourself.A.comfortB.comfortingC.comfortableD.comfortably()33.BeijingiswinterinGuangzhou.A.ascoldasB.muchcolderthanC.notsocoldasD.notcolderthan()34.WhocangetmarkinthisEnglishexam,Paul,MikeorJimmy?A.thebestB.betterC.goodD.best()35.Themorenervousyouare,theyoufeel.A.badB.worseC.worstD.theworst()36.Thefirstcomputerwasasasaroom.A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggestD.biggest()37.Iwillcomebackasaspossible.A.quickB.soonC.fastD.faster()38.SallycandothingsasJackcan.A.manyB.asmanyC.muchD.asmuch()39.Thisbookcantellyouinformationasthatbookcan!A.manyB.muchC.asmanyD.asmuch()40.thewheel,wewouldnothavecars,trainsandsoon.A.WithB.OnCWithoutD.By()41.Tom,don'tjustsleepanddonothingthedaytime.A.onB.inC.atD.over()42.peopleusetheballpointpenallovertheworld.A.MillionsofB.MillionofC.MillionsD.Million()43.WhoisatEnglish,JimorSally?A.goodB.betterC.thebestD.best()44.Acandleaslightasalightbulb.A.produces;muchB.doesn'tproduce;muchC.produces;manyD.doesn'tproduce;many()45.Tonycouldn'tthinkofaboutthattopic.A.anythingnewB.newanythingC.somethingnewD.newsomething()46.WhenIsawthegirl'sdancefor.A.afirstB.thefirstC.oneD.once()47.Theairpollutioninsomeareasisgettingthanbefore.A.moreworseB.muchworseC.morebadD.muchbad()48.DoesMarkhaveanyexplanation(解释)tothematter?A.farB.fartherC.furtherD.farthest()49.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily,andmymotheris.A.busyB.busierC.thebusierD.themostbusiest()50.Theywillgowithouthavingarest.A.morefarB.morefartherC.fartherD.thefarther【课堂专练】适当形式填空（一）Edisonwasoneofthegreatest_________.(invent)Theywanted________(invent)anewkindofcartoprotecttheenvironment.Thankstothese_______(invent),wecanliveabetterlife.Hehaslistening,speaking,andwriting_______(able).5.Thewriterwas_______(able)tofinishhisworkontimebecausehehadsomethingpersonaltodealwith.6.OnSaturdaystheyoftengotovisitthe__________(able)children.7.Therearesevenpeople,_________(include)4men.8.Thebandplayedmanysongs,_________(include)someofmyfavorites.9.Theman_________(win)200dollarsinthegame.10.Ifeltmyheart__________(beat)fasterafterrunningfastaroundtheplayground.（二）1.Ilookforwardto_________(get)yourletter.2.Thankyoufor_________(send）meatoy.3.Shewillgivesomeadviceonhow_________(learn)Englishinthespeech。4.Buyingthiscomputerisprobablya_________(good)choiceforyou。5.Ihopewecanallworktogether_________（solve）theproblem.（三）1.TheweatherintheNorthisusually_________(cool)thanthatintheSouth。2.Ofthestudentsinhisclass，heis_________（young)student.3.Timeis_________（important)thanmoney。4.Thebluebagis$140，andtheredoneis＄100。Sothebluebagis_________(expensive）thantheredbag.5.Lucyis_________（beautiful)amongthesegirls。6.Heeatstoomuch，sohegetsand_________(fat)。7.Beijingisoneof_________(big)citiesintheworld。8.Whois_________(tall），Tom,JackorJason？9.Itis_________(funny)bookIhaveeverread。10.The_________（careful)youare,the_________(few）mistakesyouwillmake.语法填空（一）Onestormynight，Iwentintoanemptyhousenearmyhomebymyself.（1)___________（two)catswerenearthedoor.The(2)___________（one）catwaswhite.Andthe（3）___________（two）catwasgrey.Theylookedscary.IopenedthedoorandIsawthreespiders。Therewasastepandthenanotherstep。IlookedupthestairsandIsawawitchstandingonthe(4)___________（four)stair。WhenIsawthewitch，Iscreamedandranallthewayhomein(5）___________(six）minutes.Athome,Iwasverycuriousaboutthewitch，soIwentbackthereatabout（6)___________(nine）o’clock.ThistimeIdidn’tseethewitch，butIsawsomekindangels.Theysaidthattheycouldhelpmerealizemy(7)___________（three)wishesfornothing.Whatascaryandwonderfulnight!（二）TodayIwanttointroducemyfivebestfriendstoyou。TheyareLily,Mary,Jack,JimandTom.Lilyisabeautifulgirl.Amongmyfivebestfriends，sheis(1)_________（hard-working）.Sheisalwaysthefirstonetogettoschool。Maryisalsoabeautifulgirl。Sheis(2）_________（tall)thanLily.Sheis（3)_________(clever)thanLily，butsheis（4）_________(lazy）thanLily.Jacklikesplayingbasketballverymuch.Heis（5)_________（strong)amongthethreeboys.Jimalsolikessports，buthedoesn’tlikebasketball.Helikesrunning。Herunsata（6)_________(fast）speedthananyotherboyinourclass。Tomdoesn’tlikesports。He