Unit6知识点提要牛津译林版八年级英语下册

8BUnit6知识点提要词汇接受训练；培训，训练v.train→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed培训，训练不可n.training★接受训练receivetraining[复]奥林匹克运动会n.theOlympicGames=theOlympics支持v.&不可n.support→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed支持者可n.supporter(a/s)在...方面支持某人supportsb.in...有意义的adj.meaningful比较级：more~最高级：themost~无意义的adj.meaningless意思，意义可n.meaning(a/s)意味着，意思是v.mean→三单：s→▲过去式：meant→现分：ing→▲过分：meant瞎的adj.blind★盲人[复]theblind★失明go/beeblind对...视而不见beblindto...=turnablindeyeto...失明不可n.blindness夜盲症nightblindness色盲colourblindness聋的adj.deaf（与blind要区分开来）★聋人[复]thedeaf★变聋go/beedeaf对...充耳不闻bedeafto...=turnadeafearto...耳聋不可n.deafness[典型例题]().Though(尽管)Lindais,shecandomostthingsthatpeoplewithgoodeyescando.A.blind B.deaf C.homeless D.poor年老的adj.elderly★老人[复]theelderly=theold=theaged★一个老人anelderlyman无家可归的adj.homeless★无家可归者[复]thehomeless期待，指望；预料v.expect→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed★期待/预料(某人/某物)做某事expect(sb./sth.)todosth.★期待做某事（2种）expecttodosth.=lookforwardtodoingsth.★★区分：除了prep.except确切地，精确地adv.exactly正是，没错（答语）Exactly.机会可n.chance(a/s)★有机会做某事haveachancetodosth.=haveachanceofdoingsth.=gettodosth.给某人一个做某事的机会givesb.achancetodosth.偶然，意外地byaccident=bychance区分：改变v.&n.change同样的，类似的adj.similar比较级：more~最高级：themost~★★★与...相似besimilarto...★在...方面相似besimilarin...与...相同bethesameas...与...不同bedifferentfrom...[典型例题]()1.—Yes,Bobissimilar______hisfather______appearance(外貌).Buthissisterisn’t.A．like;from B．like;to C．after;to D．after;from()2.Everyoneknowssilverissimilar________colour________aluminum(铝).A．in;to B．on;to C．in;with D．to;to()3.—IsTinasimilar________Linda?—Yes,theyaretwins.Butinsomeways,theyaredifferent________eachother.A．to;from B．as;to C．with;as放弃（短语）giveup★放弃它giveitup★放弃做某事giveupdoingsth.必须的，必要的adj.necessary比较级：more~最高级：themost~没有必要的adj.unnecessary任务，工作可n.task(a/s)教练n.&长途汽车n.coach★(a/es)金牌可n.(a/s)&黄金不可n.gold★三块金牌threegolds金色的adj.golden银牌可n.(a/s)&银不可n.silver★两块银牌twosilvers银色的adj.silvery奖牌可n.medal(a/s)奖赏，奖品可n.prize(a/s)★获得一等奖winfirstprize★获得许多奖winmanyprizes背景可n.background(a/s)★不同的背景differentbackgrounds★许多背景信息alotof/lotsof/muchbackgroundinformation背景音乐/图片backgroundmusic/picture...的背景thebackgroundof...密切地adv.closely比较级：more~最高级：themost~亲密的；严密的adj.close比较级：r最高级：thest★和这些特殊的运动员们密切合作workcloselywiththesespecialathletes★与...关系亲密/离...近becloseto...★亲密的朋友closefriends[典型例题]()1.Helives_____tome,soweoftenwork_____witheachother.A.closely;closelyB.closely;closeC.close;closeD.close;closely()2.Thevisitorscame_____andstoppedtolookattheexhibits_____.A.closely;closelyB.closely;closeC.close;closeD.close;closely实现，达到v.achieve=realize→三单：s→▲过去式：d→▲现分：achieving→▲过分：d成就n.achievement★实现某人的梦想achieve/realizeone’sdream=makeone’sdreametrue达到平衡achieveabalance血不可n.blood血型bloodtype/group验血makeabloodtest*O型血bloodtype/groupO西南方n.&adj.&adv.southwest西北方n.&adj.&adv.northwest项目，工程；课题可n.project(a/s)区分：话题；主题可n.subject(a/s)★一个志愿者项目avolunteerproject引言，介绍n.introduction★(an/s)介绍v.introduce→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：introducing→▲过分：d形近词区分：指示（，说明书）n.instruction信息n.information乐器；仪器n.instrument采访，会见，面试n.interview邀请n.invitation教育n.education智力的adj.intellectual国际的adj.international帮助，伸出援助之手（短语）giveahelpinghand带*号残疾的adj.disabled智力的adj.intellectual（容易和disability意思混淆）自信的adj.confident比较级：more~最高级：themost~信心不可n.confidence★对某人有信心beconfident/haveconfidenceinsb.对某事有信心beconfident/haveconfidencein/ofsth.对做某事有信心beconfident/haveconfidenceindoingsth.对...有信心beconfident＋that从句失去/缺乏信心lose/lackconfidence一对一的/地adj.&adv.onetoone/oneonone★一对一地做他们的工作dotheirworkonetoone★★★一场一对一的比赛aonetoonegame志愿做，义务做v.volunteer→三单：s→过去式：ed→现分：ing→过分：ed&志愿者，义务工作者可n.7BU2volunteer(a/s)*自愿的adj.voluntary★志愿/义务做某事volunteertodosth.捐献v.donate→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：donating→▲过分：d捐献，捐赠不可n.donation捐赠物可n.donation(a/s)★献血donateblood★把某物捐给某人donatesth.tosb.募集某物给某人raisesth.forsb.[典型例题]()1.Themanneedsustodonateblood___him,butwedon’thaveenough.Canyouhelpraiseblood___him?A．to,to B．to,for C．for,for D．for,to成年人可n.★(an/s)&成年的；成人的adult成年生活adultlife成人教育adulteducation成人电影adultmovies(运动)比赛项目；大事可n.event★(an/s)运动员可n.athlete★(an/s)机构；组织可n.organization★(an/s)★组织v.organize→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：organizing→▲过分：d*有条理的adj.organized组织某人的想法organizeone’sideas手术可n.operation★(an/s)做手术v.operate→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：operating→▲过分：d★给某人做手术do/performanoperationonsb.=operateonsb.缺陷，障碍可n.disability★(—/disabilities)常用复数★★★天生具有智力缺陷bebornwithintellectualdisabilities*身体缺陷physicaldisabilities区分：能力n.ability★(an/abilities)残疾的adj.disabled能够的adj.able★不能的adj.unable★不可能的adj.impossible★(不)能够做某事be(un)abletodosth.慈善；慈善机构n.charity★(a/charities)区分：机构；组织可n.organization★(an/s)疾病可n.disease=illness(a/s)一种严重的血液病aseriousblooddisease心脏病heartdisease幸存者可n.survivor(a/s)地震幸存者earthquakesurvivors幸存v.survive9AU4→三单：s→▲过去式：d→现分：surviving→▲过分：d教材英文释义总结★volunteer(offertohelpwithoutgettingpaid)confident(besuretodobetter)spare(whenthey’renotworkingorbusy)special(differentfromothers)gold(firstprize)achieve(makesth.etrue)重要短语、句子icstrips—Weletotheunit部分对志愿者来说，为奥运会做一些事情是有意义的。It’smeaningfulforthevolunteerstodosomethingfortheOlympics.我在工作中需要更多的食物吃。Ineedsomemorefoodtoeatatwork.政府通常为无家可归的人提供特殊的场所来居住。Usuallythegovernmentprovidesspecialplacesforthehomelesstostay.公共场所有一些针对残疾人的特殊设计。Therearesomespecialdesignsinpublicplacesforthedisabled.许多大企业每年花很多钱帮助处于困境中的人。Manybigbusinessesspendalotofmoneyhelpingpeopleinneedeveryyear.Reading部分（p8081全文背诵、默写）译文为特奥会做志愿工作1.当刘明为2007年10月在上海举办的夏季特奥会做志愿工作时，他不知道能期待什么。2.现在他认为那是他人生中最令人惊奇的经历。3.“作为一名志愿者去工作是很棒的！”他说。4.特奥会给有智力缺陷的孩子和成年人一个向全世界展示他们的技能的机会。5.它们包括许多与奥运会类似的比赛项目，比如篮球、足球和游泳。（主动语态＋被动语态）6.4万多人为了特奥会放弃了他们的空闲时间。7.对这些志愿者来说，在做工作之前接受培训是有必要的。8.然后，他们为运动员提供支持，帮助本场赛事取得巨大的成功。9.“我是李海的游泳教练，他是一个来自华北地区的年轻男孩，”刘明说。10.“他天生具有智力缺陷。11.对他来说，能参加竞赛很勇敢。12.于李海而言，最重要的事情不是赢得金牌或银牌，而是参加（比赛）。13.李海尽了他最大的努力并取得了第四名。14.由于特奥会，他现在感觉更自信了。”15.特奥会也让人们团结在一起。感觉就像一个大家庭的一份子。17.“对我们来说，和这些特殊运动员们密切合作是很棒的。18.你有机会帮助他们实现他们的梦想，”刘明说。Grammar部分（无）Integratedskills部分住在遥远的村庄liveinvillagesfaraway朱迪(Judy)认为对大学生来说多了解中国的贫困地区很有意义。JudythinksitismeaningfulforcollegestudentstolearnmoreaboutthepoorareasofChina.他们去教那儿的孩子们也很有帮助。Itisalsohelpfulofthemtoteachthechildrenthere.以这种方式，他们可以帮助当地人改善他们的生活。Inthisway,theycanhelpthelocalpeopleimprovetheirlives.节约我们的零花钱saveourpocketmoney在公共汽车上给老人让座很好。It’sgoodtogiveourseatsonthebustotheelderly.Studyskills部分（无）Task部分（p90全文背诵、默写）译文1.第二中学一名九年级的学生需要我们的帮助。2.这名学生名叫肖伟。3.自上个月以来他就生病住院了。4.医生说他得了一种严重的血液病。5.一场手术可能会挽救他，但是手术费要花30多万。6.肖伟的父母都是都是农民。7.他们没有足够的钱支付那样的手术。8.然而，对于肖伟来说，尽可能快地做手术很重要。9.否则，他可能会失去生命。10.我正在写信向你们求助。11.请捐款吧。12.人多力量大。13.如果我们所有人都伸出援助之手，他可能会很快康复。14.非常感谢你们的帮助。语言点时间顺序timeorder/空间顺序spaceorder/总分generaltospecific/分总specifictogeneral[典型例题]()1．Thebestwaytowrite“Mydreamhome”istowrite________.A．intimeorderB．fromgeneraltospecificC．inspaceorderD．fromspecifictogeneral()2．Ifyoushowsomevisitorsaroundyourschool,you’llmostprobablytalkbythemethodof________.A．spaceorder B．timeorder C．generaltospecific D．specifictogeneral()3．Lookatthetextinthebox.Thewriterorganizesideas________.IhadagoodtimeinBeijing.First,IvisitedtheGreatWallandtookalotofpicturesthere.Then,IwenttoTian’anmenSquare.Onthethirdday,IwenttoBeijingHutong.Peopletherewereveryfriendly.A．intimeorderB．fromgeneraltospecificC．inspaceorderD．fromspecifictogeneral()4．—IfIwanttowriteaboutgoodreadinghabits,whatmethodshouldIuse?—Youcanuse____.Thatmeansyouhavetogiveageneralstatementfirst,andthenusespecificinformationtosupportit.A．TimeorderB．SpaceorderC．GeneraltospecificD．Specifictogeneral()5．LookatthefollowingwritingontheSpringFestival.Thewriterorganizesideas________.TheSpringFestivalisanimportantholiday.Familymembersgettogether.PeoplelikewatchingtheSpringFestivalGala.Childrengetredpacketsandhavelotsoffun.A．intimeorderB．fromspecifictogeneralC．inspaceorderD．fromgeneraltospecific()6.Whilewriting,Icanusethe“_______”methodifIusesomethingspecialtoleadtomymainideas.A.timeorder B.spaceorder C.generaltospecific D.specifictogeneral指示代词that指代上文的可n.单/不可n.，those指代上文的可n.复。[典型例题]()1.—TheweatherinHeilongjiangismuchcolderthan_______inGuangdong.—Yes.That’swhythestudentsinHeilongjianghavealongerwinterholidaythan_______inGuangdong.A.that;thatB.those;thoseC.that;thoseD.those;that()2.TheSpecialOlympicsWorldGamesincludemanyeventssimilarto_______intheOlympics.itB.themC.thatnotAbutB“不是A而是B”作主语谓v.的数取决于B[典型例题]()1．NotAmybutthetwins____________inthedancingroomeveryFridayevening.A．areseendance B．areseendancing C．isseentodance D．areseentodance()2．NotmyfatherbutI________goodatplayingbasketball.A．am B．is C．are D．be()3.Tothem,themostimportantthingis_____makemuchmoney_____gettogether.notto;butB.not;butC.not;buttoD.notto;butto()4.Totheparentsofleftbehindchildren,themostimportantthingis___makemuchmoneybut____together.A．tonot;toget B．notto;getting C．not;toget D．notto;toget[总结]设一个主语为A，另一个主语为B，则有：A(together/along)withBA和BAAaswellasBA还有BAexceptBA除了BnotAbutB不是A而是BBnotonlyAbut(also)B不仅A而且BeitherAorB不是A就是B,或者A或者B，要么A要么BneitherAnorB既不(是)A也不(是)BwhetherAorB无论A还是BbothAandBA和B都A和BAandBA和B★★★做某事(不)费劲have(no)difficulty/trouble/problemswithsth.=have(no)difficulty/trouble/problems(in)doingsth.★★★为某人提供某物providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.=offersth.tosb.=offersb.sth.★★★给某人某物givesth.tosb.=givesb.sth.★★★名列第四(3种)finishedfourth=camefourth=took/got(the)fourthplace第一first第二second第三third第五fifth★感觉像做某事feellikedoingsth.★想要做某事feellikedoingsth.=wouldliketodosth.=wanttodosth.★不再...(3种)not...anymore=not...anylonger=nolonger=nomore★丧命(2种)loseone’slife=die★得到酬劳getpaid★康复getwellagain★早在1978年backin1978★从事...工作workas＋职业一点也不...(2种)not...atall=notabit...一定做某事besuretodosth.区分：确保做某事makesuretodosth.处于困境中的inneed需要...inneedof...引起；导致；通向leadto数词＋more＋n.=another＋数词＋n.四、语法1、★(对某人来说，)(不)做某事是非品质adj.Itis＋非品质adj.＋(forsb.)＋(not)todosth.=Todo/doingsth.is＋非品质adj.＋(forsb.)e.g.对我来说，帮助他是必须的。Itisnecessaryformetohelphim.=Tohelp/Helpinghimisnecessaryforme.2、★某人(不)做某事真是太品质adj.了Itis＋品质adj.＋ofsb.＋(not)todosth.=sb.is＋品质adj.＋todosth.e.g.他参加比赛真是太勇敢了。Itisbraveofhimtotakepartinthepetition.=Heisbravetotakepartinthepetition.3、教材中的品质adj.:★nice/★wrong/★good/★kind/wise/polite/brave/careless/clever/bad/helpful[典型例题]()1.★It’sverynice________you________myparentsyourbestwishes.A．of,tosendB．of,sendingC．for,tosendD．for,sending()2.★It’snice________youtoprovidet