山东省济宁市兖州区2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

20222023学年第一学期期中质量检测高二英语试题本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分，共12页。满分150分。考试用时120分钟。考试结束后，将第Ⅱ卷答题卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必用毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在答题卡和第Ⅱ卷答题卷规定的位置上。2.第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。3.第Ⅱ卷答题卷必须用毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上;如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案;不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。第I卷(共100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5个小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Relatives. B.Classmates. C.Colleagues.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I'mgoingtohaveacupofteaafterthislesson.It'stiringsittingalldaylisteningtotheteacher.Howaboutyou?M:I'mgoingtothepostofficetosendalettertomysisteroverseas.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thebiologycourse.B.Theirstudypartners.C.Theresultsofthetest.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Howdidyoudoonthebiologytestyesterday?W:Igotan82.Howdidyoudo?M:Me?Igota100.W:A100?Maybeweoughttobestudypartners!3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhenwillthespeakersgettoGrace’shouse?A.At7:00. B.At6:50. C.At6:30.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:We’remeetingGraceat6:30atherhouse.It’s6:20now.M:It’sstillearly.Shejustcalledtoaskustoarriveatherhomelaterat7:00.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whydoesthemanhavesomanyclocks?A.Hehastroublegettingup.B.Helikescollectingclocks.C.Heoftenforgetsabouttime.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Youcertainlyhavealotofclocks.Thereseemstobeoneineveryroom.M:MyfamilygavethemtomebecauseIhavetroublekeepingtrackoftime.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhereisMimiprobably?A.Athome. B.Atschool. C.Atahospital.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Excuseme.I’mheretopickupmydaughterMimi.Issheallright?M:Ithinksheoughttostayhereforatleastanother24hours.Shestillhasaslightfever.Whydon’tyoutelephonetomorrow?第二节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofhertrip?A.Amazing. B.Dangerous. C.Disappointing.7.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Thewomanshouldhavegonehiking.B.Thewomanshouldhavetriedthedogsled.C.Thewomanshouldhaveclimbedmountains.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:Howwasyourtrip?W:Itwasamazing!IsawtheNorthernLights.Butitwasfreezingthere!M:Yeah.It'sAlaska.W:Ididhavealotoffun.It'sfuntolookatmountains,birds,trees,riversandsoon!M:Didyoutrythedogsled?W:No,Ididn't.M:YouarethemostadventurouspersonthatIknow.Howcouldyounottryit?Sodisappointing.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatkindofpaintingdoesthemanlike?A.Watercolorpaintings. B.Oilpaintings. C.Inkpaintings.9.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?AHobbies. B.Afamouspainting. C.Theiruniversityclasses.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Bob.Whatareyoudoing?M:I'mpaintingathome.W:Ididn'tknowyouliketopaint.Whattypeofpaintingdoyoulike?M:Ienjoyoilpaintings.Ilearnedpaintinginoneofmyextraclassesatmyuniversity.W:Thatsoundssointeresting.IwishIhadahobby.M:It'snevertoolatetostartanewhobby.Theyofferavarietyofclassesatthelocalmunitycollege.Youshouldlookitup.W:IthinkIwill.Thanksfortheinformation.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?A.Playingtheviolin. B.Talkingaboutmusic. C.Havingaclass.11.InwhataspectdoesAnnamakeamistake?A.Thetopicofthereport.B.Theproblempeopleareinvolvedin.C.Theperformanceofplayingtheviolin.12.WhatdoweknowaboutAnna?A.Sheisactiveinclass.B.Sheislatefortheclass.C.Shelikesplayingtheviolin.【答案】10.C11.A12.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,everyone!SorryI'mlatefortheclass,butthesnowstormmadeitreallydifficulttogethere.Iseeyou'vebeenwaitingverypatiently.So,let'sgetstarted!Whowantstogiveatalkfirst?W:Oh!Oh!Please,pleasepickme.M:Anna?W:Me?Sure.Thanks.Hereismyreporton“ViolinsintheCity”.Peoplehavebeenlookingforasolutiontotheproblemofviolinsinthecity.Isaystop!Stop!Theyarenotproblems!Infact,violinsarepartofthesolution!Violinscreatebeautifulmusicthatcanfillacitywithhope.M:Anna...W:Ifweputaviolininthehandsofeverychild...M:Anna!Thetopicis“ViolenceintheCity”Violence.Notviolins.W:Untilnexttime...LikewhatIwassaying,manypeoplearesayingthatviolenceinthecityisaproblem.Averybigproblem.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatwillthewomandoontheweekend?A.Gototheconcert. B.Markthepapers. C.Restinherdorm.14.WhydidthewomanoffertohelpMathers?A.Togetmoneyforconcerttickets.B.Toproveherselftoberesponsible.C.Toearnmoneyforfurthereducation.15.Whenwillthemantellthewomanabouttheconcert?A.ThisSaturday. B.NextMonday. C.NextTuesday.16.Whatmightthewomanbe?AAstudent. B.Aprofessor. C.Abandmember.【答案】13.B14.B15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:Youmentionedthatyouareafanoflivemusic.IguessIdon’thavetotellyouabouttheconcertoncampusonSaturday.It'ssupposedtobethebestshowoftheyear.W:Iknow.IwishIcouldbetherebutI'vealreadypromisedProfessorMathersthatI'dhaveallofthepapersgradedbyMonday.I'mafraidI'mgoingtobestuckinmydormallweekend.M:Whydidyouoffertodothat?Didyouforgetabouttheconcert,ordoyoureallyneedthemoney?W:Actually,Ireallyneedtoconcentrateonstudiesthisyear.IfIwanttogetintotheeducationprogram,IwillhavetoprovethatIamseriousaboutbeingresponsible.It'snotaboutthemoney.Idon’tgetpaidmuchconsideringallofthehoursIputin.M:Well,it'sapitythatyou’regoingtomisstheconcert.W:Yes.Ican'thelpfeelingabitjealous.SometimesIwishIwerestillinmyfirstyearofstudies.M:Well,I'lltellyouallaboutitonTuesday.W:OK.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Howmanygroupworkshopsareintroduced?A.Four. B.Five. C.Six.18.Whatdotheseworkshopshaveinmon?A.Theyalllastforthreehours.B.Theydealwiththesametopic.C.Theyarefreetoallenrolledstudents.19.Whichworkshopisheldlaterintheyear?A.TheAnxietyworkshop.B.TheAdjustingworkshop.C.Themunicatingworkshop.20.WhoistheMotivationworkshopintendedfor?A.Theforeignstudents. B.Theresearchstudents. C.Thefirstyearstudents.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:Eachsemesterthecounselingteamrunsanumberofsmallgroupworkshops.Theselastfortwohoursandarefreetoallenrolledstudents.OurfirstworkshopiscalledAdjusting.Inthisworkshop,wewillintroduceyoutowhatisnecessaryforacademicsuccess.Asyoumightexpect,we’retargetingfirstyearstudentswiththisoffering.GettingOrganizedfollowsonfromthefirstworkshop.GettingOrganizediscateringtoabroadercrowd,whichincludesallundergraduatesandpostgraduates.Nextisaworkshopcalledmunicating.Thewaypeopleinteractheremaybequitedifferenttowhatyou’reusedto,especiallyifyouefromabroad.We'llcoveranareathatmanyforeignstudentsstrugglewith——howtotalkwithteachersandotherstaff.TheAnxietyworkshopisheldlateronintheyearanddealswithsomethingyouwillallbefamiliarwith——thenervesandanxietythatewhenexamsareapproaching.Finally,wehavetheMotivationworkshop.Thebigtopichereishowtostayontargetandmotivatedduringlongtermresearchprojects.Thisworkshopisstrictlyforresearchstudents.Well,that’sit,thanksforyourtime.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分，满分分)阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。AOurEasiestJitterbugPhoneEverTheJitterbug*flipfromthemakesoftheoriginaleasytousecellphone,hasbigbuttonsandanuniqueUrgentResponsebuttononthekeypad.EasytoUseToday,cellphonedarehardtohear,difficulttodialandoverloadedwithfeatureyoumayneveruse.That’snotthecasewiththeJitterbug*Flip2.Alargescreen,bigbuttonsandonetouchspeeddialingmakeiteasytocallfamilyandfriendsandthepowerfulspeakerensureeveryconversationwillbeloudandclear.EasytoEnjoyWhereveryougo,abuiltincameramakesiteasyandfunforyoutocaptureandshareyourfavoritememories.Plus,theflashlightandbuiltinmagnified(放大镜)helpyouseeindarkareasEasytoBePreparedLifehasawayofbeingunpredictable,butyoucanbepreparedinanuncertainorunsafesituationwithUrgentResponseService.SimplypresstheUrgentResponsebuttontospeakwithahighlytrainedagentwhocanconfirmyourlocation,evaluateyoursituationandgetyouthehelpyouneed.FlexibleandAffordablePlansTheJitterbug*Flip2isoneofthemostaffordablecellphoneonthemarketandeswithreliablenationwidecoverage.Withnolongtermcontractsorcancellationfeds,youcanswitchplansanytime.100minutes10¢pertext300minutes7¢pertext500minutes4¢pertextUnlimitedminutesUnlimitedtextsThephoneisavailableinstoreoronlineatlively./flip.Ifyouwanttolearnmore,call1.866.490.3411.21.WhatmakestheJitterbug*Flip2helpyououtofdanger?A.Alargescreen. B.Thepowerfulspeaker.C.Abuildincamera. D.TheUrgentResponsebutton.22.Whichplansuitsyoubestifyouneedtosendshortmessagesfrequently?A. B.C. D.23.Wherecanthetextprobablybefound?A.Inamagazine. B.anatextbook.C.Inanacademicpaper. D.Inanewsreport.【答案】21.D22.D23.A【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍一款——theJitterbug*Flip2。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据EasytoBePrepared部分“Lifehasawayofbeingunpredictable,butyoucanbepreparedinanuncertainorunsafesituationwithUrgentResponseService.SimplypresstheUrgentResponsebuttontospeakwithahighlytrainedagentwhocanconfirmyourlocation,evaluateyoursituationandgetyouthehelpyouneed.(生活总是不可预测的，但是你可以通过紧急回应服务在不确定或不安全的情况下做好准备。只要按下紧急回应按钮，就可以与一位训练有素的特工通话，他可以确认你的位置，评估你的情况，并为你提供所需的帮助。)”可知，当你处于危险中时，可以使用上的紧急回应按钮，及时联系到一位训练有素的特工通话，他可以确认你的位置，评估你的情况，并为你提供所需的帮助。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格最右边一列“$19.99/mo.Unlimitedminutes,Unlimitedtexts(每月美元，无限时，无限短信)”可知，如果经常发短信，可以使用每月美元的套餐。故选D。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Thephoneisavailableinstoreoronlineatlively./flip.Ifyouwanttolearnmore,call1.866.490.3411.(这款可以在店内或在lively./flip网上购买。如果你想了解更多，请拨打。)”可知，这篇文章是为了推销这款，所以不会出现在课本、学术论文和新闻报道上，可能会出现在杂志上。故选A。BFrequentgoodbyestoherfamilyehandinhandwithWangYaping’sintensivetraining.Thistime,however,hergoodbyehassparkedjoyinher5yearolddaughter’seyesassheis“shootingforthestars.”Knownforbroadcastinga40minutelivelessonduringherfirstspacetrip,sheisverylikelytodrawglobalattentionagainduringhersecondspacemission.Wangwasbornin1980toaruralfamilyinShandongProvince.“WhenIwasyoung,myworldwassmall,”Wangrecalled.“Mydreamwasmuchmoresimple:togobeyondthevillageandtopaybackallthatmyparentshadgivenme.”Herspacedreamstartedin2003whenChinasentYangLiweiintospace.“IwatchedthebrightrocketflameonTV,andanideaflashedthroughmymind:Chinanowhasamaletaikonaut,whenwilltherebeafemaleone?”Wangsaid.Afterrackingupsafeflightsfor1,600hoursovernineyears,Wangbecameastrongcandidate(候选人)forChina’sfirstflightbyafemaletaikonaut.However,shedidnotpassherfinaltests.Wangdidnotloseheartbutpushedforwardevenharder.Shealwaysranthreelapsmorethanothersinphysicalcourses;shevolunteeredtobeheldtothesamestandardsashermalepartnersduringdesertsurvivaltraining,andsheaskedtotraininthepressurechamberforanextra30minuteseachtime.“Youcan’tcatchabreaksimplyforbeingawoman,”shesaid.Hereffortswerenotinvain.WangbecameacrewmemberoftheShenzhou10spacemissionin2013.Andmorenotably,sheearnedthetitleofChina’sfirstspaceteacheraftergivingalecturetostudentsfromanorbitmorethan300kmabovetheEarth’ssurface.LiuCixin,China’sfamousscifiwriterandHugoAwardwinner,saidWang’slessonwaslikea“brush,”whichpaintedaspaceworldforchildrenthatisdifferentfromEarth.24.WhatdoweknowaboutWangYaping?A.SheisthefirstChinesewomantoenterspace.B.Shewenttospacejustforalecturein2013.C.SheisthefirstChinesetogivealessoninspace.D.Shedreamedtopaybackherhometownasachild.25.HowdidWangYapingreactinfaceoffailure?A.Shewaspuzzledaboutherfutureforaperiod.B.Shefeltdownpletelyundergreatpressure.C.Shevolunteeredforheaviertasksthanmen.D.Shestrengthenedherselfthroughhardpractice.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeWangYapingaccordingtothetext?A.Learnedandgenerous. B.Wiseandcooperative.C.Honestandambitious. D.Determinedandhardworking.27.Whatisthenameofrhetoricdevicetothelastparagraph?A.Simile. B.Quote.C.Repetition. D.Personification.【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国第一位在太空给学生上课的老师——王亚平的故事。2013年，王亚平成为神舟10号航天任务的一名机组成员。更值得一提的是，她在距离地球表面300多公里的轨道上为学生们做了一次演讲，并获得了中国第一位太空教师的称号。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“Andmorenotably,sheearnedthetitleofChina’sfirstspaceteacheraftergivingalecturetostudentsfromanorbitmorethan300kmabovetheEarth’ssurface.(更值得注意的是，她在距地球表面300多公里的轨道上为学生们授课后，获得了中国首位太空教师的称号)”可知，她是中国第一位在太空给学生上课的老师。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段内容“Wangdidnotloseheartbutpushedforwardevenharder.(王没有灰心，反而更加努力地向前冲)”可知，在首次失败后，她没有灰心，在训练上更加刻苦努力。故选D项。【26题详解】。推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“However,shedidnotpassherfinaltests.Wangdidnotloseheartbutpushedforwardevenharder.(然而，她没有通过最后的考试。王没有灰心，反而更加努力地向前冲)”可知，在首次失败后，她没有灰心，由此可推知，她是一个意志坚定的人；后文“Shealwaysranthreelapsmorethanothersinphysicalcourses;shevolunteeredtobeheldtothesamestandardsashermalepartnersduringdesertsurvivaltraining,andsheaskedtotraininthepressurechamberforanextra30minuteseachtime.(在体能课上，她总是比别人多跑三圈；在沙漠生存训练中，她自愿接受与男性同伴相同的标准，并要求每次额外在压力舱中训练30分钟)”可知，在训练方面她很努力。故选D项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章末尾段内容刘慈欣对于王亚平在太空授课的评价“LiuCixin,China’sfamousscifiwriterandHugoAwardwinner,saidWang’slessonwaslikea‘brush,’whichpaintedaspaceworldforchildrenthatisdifferentfromEarth.(中国著名科幻作家、雨果奖得主刘慈欣说，王亚平的课就像一支“画笔”，为孩子们描绘了一个不同于地球的太空世界)”可知，她将王亚平的课比喻为了画笔，使用了明喻的修辞手法。故选A项。CGreenhousegasemissionswouldriseifallfarmsinEnglandandWaleswentorganic.Thoughtheemissionsofeachfarmwouldgodown,muchmorefoodwouldhavetobeimported,astheamounttheywouldproducewoulddecreasegreatly.“Thekeymessagefrommyperspectiveisthatyoucan'treallyhaveyourcakeandeatit,”saysLaurenceSmith,nowattheRoyalAgriculturalUniversityintheUK,whowaspartoftheteamthatranthenumbers.Smithisasupporteroforganicfarmingandsays“therearealotofmeritsoftheorganicapproach”,buthisanalysisshowsthatorganicfarminghasdownsidestoo.Farmingandchangesinlanduse,suchascuttingdownforests,areresponsibleforathirdofallgreenhousegasemissions.Thatmeansreducingfarmingemissionsandthelandneededforfarmingisrequiredtolimitfurtherglobalwarming.Smithandhiscolleaguesfoundthatemissionsperunitoffoodare,onaverage,20percentlowerfororganiccropsand4percentlowerfororganicanimalproducts.However,organicharvestsperhectare(公顷)arealsoloweronaverage.Forwheatandbarley,forinstance,harvestsarejusthalfofthoseofconventionalfarms.Thismeans1.5timesasmuchlandwouldbeneededtogrowthesameamountofthesefoods.Theestimatedincreaseinemissionsvariesgreatly,dependingonwheretheextrafarmlandesfrom.Ifonlyhalfesfromturninggrasslandintofarms,theincreasecouldbeaslowas20percent.Ifgrasslandthatwouldotherwisehavebeenreforestedisturnedintofarmland,emissionscouldnearlydouble.Thisdoesn'tnecessarilymeanpeopleshouldstopeatingorganicproduce,saysSmith.Peoplemightchooseorganicfoodforotherreasons,suchastoreducetheirpesticideexposure(thoughcontrarytopopularbelief,organicfarmersdousepesticides)orforthesakeofwildlife.Going100percentorganiccouldalsoharmglobalbiodiversity.Theextralandusedforfarmingwouldmeanthelandavailableforwildlifewouldbesmallerandmorefragmented(碎片化的).Smithsaysthebestoptionmaybetousesomeorganicandconventionalfarmingmethodsatthesametime.28.Whymaygreenhousegasemissionsincreaseifacountrygoesorganic?A.Organicfarmstakelongertobuild.B.Theagriculturaloutputwillincreasegreatly.C.Theemissionsofeachfarmunitwillincrease.D.Greaterdemandforimportedfoodwillbecreated.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“merits”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Changes. B.Challenges. C.Advantages. D.Differences.30.WhatdidSmithandhiscolleaguesfind?A.Organicharvestsperunitaregreaterthantraditionalharvests.B.Organicfarmingneedsmorefarmlandtofeedacountry.C.Globalwarmingcouldbebroughtundercontrol.D.Landwasnotusedinaresponsibleway.31.WhatisSmith'sproposal?A.Stoppingusingpesticides.B.Eatinglessorganicproduce.C.Goingbacktotraditionalfarming.D.Adoptingmixedfarmingmethods.【答案】28.D29.C30.B31.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述有机农业及其优缺点。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“GreenhousegasemissionswouldriseifallfarmsinEnglandandWaleswentorganic.Thoughtheemissionsofeachfarmwouldgodown,muchmorefoodwouldhavetobeimported,astheamounttheywouldproducewoulddecreasegreatly.(如果英格兰和威尔士所有农场都采用有机农业，温室气体排放量将会增加。虽然每个农场的排放量都会下降，但必须进口更多的粮食，因为它们的产量将大大减少。)”可知，农场变得有机化，温室气体排放量就会增加，这样会导致食物进口的需求大幅增加，故选D。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“buthisanalysisshowsthatorganicfarminghasdownsidestoo.(但是他的分析表明有机农业也有缺点。)”可知，but表示转折，前后两句意义相反。此句表示有机农业有缺点，故推知前句表示有机农业又优点。故merits的意思是“优点”，与Advantages意义一致，故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“However,organicharvestsperhectare(公顷)arealsoloweronaverage.Forwheatandbarley,forinstance,harvestsarejusthalfofthoseofconventionalfarms.Thismeans1.5timesasmuchlandwouldbeneededtogrowthesameamountofthesefoods.(然而，平均每公顷的有机收成也较低。例如，对于小麦和大麦，收成仅为传统农场的一半。这意味着种植相同数量的这些有机食物需要倍的土地。)”可知，史密斯和同事们发现：相比传统农业，有机农业需要更多的农田和土地来养活一个国家，故选B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Smithsaysthebestoptionmaybetousesomeorganicandconventionalfarmingmethodsatthesametime.(史密斯说最好的选择可能是同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法。)”可知，史密斯的提议是：同时使用一些有机和传统的耕作方法——混合耕作法，故选D。DScientistshavefoundsomethingstrangehasbeenhappeningamongsensitivebirdspeciesintheBrazilianAmazoninrecentyears.Notonlywerethebirdsdeclininginnumber,buttheirbodieswerealsoshrinkinginsize.“Wefoundthatsizewasnotonlyshrinkingforthosesensitivespeciesitwasdecliningforeveryone,“saidresearcherVitekJirinecofLouisianaStateUniversity.Jirinec’sfindingsarecontainedinanewstudypublishedinthejournalScienceAdvanceslastFriday.Thestudyexamined77speciesovera40yearperiod,duringwhichtimetherainforesthadbeewarmer.Itfoundtheywererapidlyevolvingperhapsbecausesmallerbirdsremoveheatmoreefficientlyastheyhavemoresurfaceareainrelationtovolume.BrianWeeksoftheUniversityofMichiganexplaineditthisway:“Youcouldimaginelotsoflittleicecubesinaglassofwater,asopposedtoonebigicecube,andthelittleicecubesmeltfasterbecausesmallerthingshavelargersurfaceareatovolumeratios(比)，sotheyexchangeheatmorequickly.“Weeksdidn’tworkonthisparticularstudy,buthedidresearchthesizeofmorethan50speciesofmigratory(迁徙的)birdsinNorthAmericaafewyearsback.Hetoofoundthatnearlyallofthemwereshrinkingdecadebydecade.Thetwostudiesstrengthentheideathatbirdsallovertheplanet,migratoryornot,maybechangingshapeduetoawarmingclimate.Weekssaidthesesortsofchangesshouldconcernallofus.“Allaroundtheworld,peopledependonnaturalsystems.pletenaturalsystemsprovidemoreeconomicbenefitstohumanitythantheentiretyoftheworld’sGDP,sotheymattertoyouwhetherornotyouknowit,Weekssaid.Jirinecthoughtthetimingofhispaper’spublicationcouldnotbemorefitting.ThestudycameoutonthesamedayastheconclusionoftheUNclimatechangeconferenceinGlasgow.Sothoseresultsreallystressedthemonconsequencesoftheactionsfortheplanet.32.Whatwasacauseofthebirdsbeingsmallerinsize?A.Thedecreaseofbirds’number. B.Thesensitivenessofbirds.C.Awarmingclimate. D.Thedevelopmentofbirds.33.HowdidBrianWeeksexplainbirds’gettingridofheat?A.Byexampleandparison. B.Byanalyzingthedata.C.Bygivingenoughevidence. D.Byobservationandresearch.34.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefindingsofthetwostudies?A.Dangerous. B.Concerning.C.Demanding. D.Fantastic.35.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tointroducetwostudies. B.Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.C.TopraisetheconferenceinGlasgow. D.Tomakepeoplefocusonclimatechange.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现，因为全球气候变暖，鸟类不仅数量在减少，而且身体也在缩小。文章介绍了科学家研究的过程以及呼吁我们应该重视这一现象。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thetwostudiesstrengthentheideathatbirdsallovertheplanet,migratoryornot,maybechangingshapeduetoawarmingclimate.（这两项研究加强了这一想法，全球的鸟，不管它是否迁徙，都因为全球变暖而在改变尺寸。）”可知，鸟变小的原因是全球变暖，故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“BrianWeeksoftheUniversityofMichiganexplaineditthisway:“Youcouldimaginelotsoflittleicecubesinaglassofwater,asopposedtoonebigicecube,andthelittleicecubesmeltfasterbecausesmallerthingshavelargersurfaceareatovolumeratios(比)，sotheyexchangeheatmorequickly.（BrianWeeks用这种方式解释道：‘你可以想象，在一杯水里，有很多的冰块，还有一块较大的冰块。小冰块融化得更快，因为小的东西表面积比例更大，因此他们会更快交换热量’）”可知，BrianWeeks解释鸟摆脱热量是通过举例和对比，故选A。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Weekssaidthesesortsofchangesshouldconcernallofus.“Allaroundtheworld,peopledependonnaturalsystems.（周刊说这些改变应该使我们所有人多担忧。因为全世界的人都依赖着自然系统）”可知，这两个研究是“令人担忧的”，故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“pletenaturalsystemsprovidemoreeconomicbenefitstohumanitythantheentiretyoftheworld’sGDP,sotheymattertoyouwhetherornotyouknowit,（完整的自然系统会给人类带来更多的经济效益）”“Sothoseresultsreallystressedthemonconsequencesoftheactionsfortheplanet.（所以，研究结果强调了人类行为给地球带来的后果）”可知，文章主要是通过鸟类因为人类活动大小发生了改变，从而劝说人类注意平时行为给气候变化带来的影响，故选D.第二节(共5小题;每小题分，满分分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifeconsistsofconstantdecisionmakingatprettymucheverymomentandyoucanmakechoicesandplansforlife.____36____Whentheseunanticipatedsituationsaddup,it’seasytobeeanxiousandfeeloutofcontrol.Theprinciplesbelowmayhelpyouhandlethesefeelings.Ratherthanviewingyourlifeas“outofcontrol”,ithelpstotakean“itiswhatitis”attitudeforthetimebeing.____37____Instead,itjustsignifieslettinggoofneedingcontrol;lettinggoofaneedtocontroleverythingcanleadtogreaterlifesatisfaction.Evenifyoumaynotcontroleverything,youdostillhavecontroloversomethings.Workonchangingthethingsyoudohavecontrolover,likegoingtothegymabitmore,eatingfewersweetsorremovinganunpleasantpersonfromyourlife.____38____Constantlywonderingwhetheryou’remakingtherightchoiceswilldisturbyou.Incontrast,takingprideinwhatyoucreateforyourlifeisbeneficial.Ifyou’vemadebaddecisions,learnfromthemandmoveforward.____39____Also,trytobeappreciativeofchallengingsituationsbecausetheypushyoutokeepgoingandbringyoutobettertimes.____40____Whetheritiswithalovedoneoraclinicalpsychologistwhooffersprofessionaladvice,don’thesitatetotalkitout.Theycanhelpyoudeconstructthesefeelingsandsortthemoutaccordingly.A.Learntovalueyourownstrengths.B.Therearetimeswhenyoulackmotivation.C.Thisdoesn’tmeanacceptingpoortreatment.D.Voicingwhatmakesyoustressedmakessense.E.Yetnoonecaneverbepreparedfortheunexpected.F.Ithelpsestablishasenseofcontrolandoptimisminyourlife.G.Themistakesmayhavefacilitatedpersonalgrowthandwisdom.【答案】36.E37.C38.F39.G40.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了当我们无法掌控生活时，要如何应对焦虑的情绪。【36题详解】根据上文“Lifeconsistsofconstantdecisionmakingatprettymucheverymomentandyoucanmakechoicesandplansforlife.(生活几乎每时每刻都由不断的决策组成，你可以为生活做出选择和计划。)”可知，生活由不断的决策组成，你可以为生活做出选择和计划，E项意为“然而，没有人能够为意外做好准备。”选项内容与上文构成转折关系，虽然我们可以为生活做出选择和计划，但没有人能够为意外做好准备。故选E。37题详解】根据上文“Ratherthanviewingyourlifeas“outofcontrol”,ithelpstotakean“itiswhatitis”attitudeforthetimebeing.(与其将你的生活视为“失控”，不如暂时采取“就是这样”的态度。)”可知，当意外导致我们无法掌控生活时，不如暂时采取“就是这样”的态度，C项意为“这并不意味着接受不好的待遇。”选项内容能够承接上文，“就是这样”的态度并不意味着接受不好的待遇。故选C。【38题详解】根据上文“Evenifyoumaynotcontroleverything,youdostillhavecontroloversomethings.Workonchangingthethingsyoudohavecontrolover,likegoingtothegymabitmore,eatingfewersweetsorremovinganunpleasantpersonfromyourlife.(即使你不能控制一切，你仍然可以控制一些事情。努力改变你可以控制的事情，比如多去健身房，少吃甜食，或者把一个令人不愉快的人从你的生活中抹去。)”可知，上文告诉我们可以努力改变自己可以控制的事情，F项意为“它有助于在你的生活中建立一种控制感和乐观主义。”选项内容能够承接上文，我们可以努力改变自己可以控制的事情，例如多去健身房，少吃甜食等，这样做有助于在生活中建立一种控制感和乐观主义。故选F。【39题详解】根据上文“Ifyou’vemadebaddecisions,learnfromthemandmoveforward.(如果你做了错误的决定，从中吸取教训，继续前进。)”可知，上文告诉我们可以从错误的决定中吸取教训，然后继续前进，G项意为“这些错误可能促进了个人的成长和智慧。”选项内容能够承接上文，讲述了错误的决定带来的好处，这些错误可能促进了个人的成长和智慧。故选G。【40题详解】根据下文“Whetheritiswithalovedoneoraclinicalpsychologistwhooffersprofessionaladvice,don’thesitatetotalkitout.Theycanhelpyoudeconstructthesefeelingsandsortthemoutaccordingly.(无论是与心爱的人还是提供专业建议的临床心理学家，都要毫不犹豫地说出你的感觉。他们可以帮助你解构这些感觉，并相应地进行分类。)”可知，上文告诉我们，当我们感觉不好时，可以说给心爱的人或提供专业建议的临床心理学家听，向其他人寻求帮助，D项意为“说出让你感到有压力的事是明智的。”选项内容能够引起下文，下文介绍了向谁说出自己的压力和这样做的好处。故选D。第三部分英语知识运用(共2节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。WhenIwasachild,myfatherhadtodothreejobsforafamilyofseven.EverytimeIsawhimebacklate,looking___41___,IpromisedmyselfthatsomedayIwouldshowmythankstomyfatherfor___42___hehaddone.Overthenexttwentyyears,myfatherworkedhardtosupportourbigfamilyand___43___alotfromaheartproblem.Onemorning,myfather’soldcar____44____andheaskedmetopickhimupafterhismedicalexamination.Hehad_____45_____refusedwhenIofferedtoreplacehisoldcar.Hesaidthathedidnotwantsomethingthathewasunabletopayhimself.Ashesteppedoutofthedoctor’soffice,helookedunusuallyserious.Wedrove____46____andhemademepromisetokeepthemedicalreportasa___47___.Ididthiswithaheavyheart.Atthattime,Iwas___48___anewcar.Iaskedmyfathertogowithmetopickoneout.___49___